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Rischer M, Guo H, Beemelmanns C. Signalling molecules inducing metamorphosis in marine organisms. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:1833-1855. [PMID: 35822257 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00073j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Covering: findings from early 1980s until early 2022Microbial-derived cues of marine biofilms induce settlement and metamorphosis of marine organisms, a process responsible for the emergence of diverse flora and fauna in marine habitats. Although this phenomenon is known for more than 80 years, the research field has only recently gained much momentum. Here, we summarize the currently existing biochemical and microbial knowledge about microbial signalling molecules, con-specific signals, and synthetic compounds that induce or prevent recruitment, settlement, and metamorphosis in invertebrate larvae. We discuss the possible modes of action and conclude with perspectives for future research directions in the field of marine chemical ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Rischer
- Chemical Biology of Microbe-Host Interactions, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, Jena, 07745, Germany.
| | - Huijuan Guo
- Chemical Biology of Microbe-Host Interactions, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, Jena, 07745, Germany.
| | - Christine Beemelmanns
- Chemical Biology of Microbe-Host Interactions, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, Jena, 07745, Germany. .,Biochemistry of Microbial Metabolism, Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, Leipzig 04103, Germany
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2
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Abstract
Marine biofilms are ubiquitous in the marine environment. These complex microbial communities rapidly respond to environmental changes and encompass hugely diverse microbial structures, functions and metabolisms. Nevertheless, knowledge is limited on the microbial community structures and functions of natural marine biofilms and their influence on global geochemical cycles. Microbial cues, including secondary metabolites and microbial structures, regulate interactions between microorganisms, with their environment and with other benthic organisms, which affects their community succession and metamorphosis. Furthermore, marine biofilms are key mediators of marine biofouling, which greatly affect marine industries. In this Review, we discuss marine biofilm dynamics, including their diversity, abundance and functions. We also highlight knowledge gaps, areas for future research and potential biotechnological applications of marine biofilms.
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Gao Y, Meng Q, Zhou X, Luo X, Su Z, Chen Z, Huang R, Liu Y, Zhang X. How do environmentally friendly antifouling alkaloids affect marine fouling microbial communities? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 820:152910. [PMID: 34999079 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Most previous studies on antifouling (AF) agents have focused on the influence of biofilm formation constituted by single or multiple cultured microbial species, and very few studies have analyzed the relationship between environmentally friendly AF compounds and marine fouling microbial communities (MFMCs). This is the first investigation of the impact of three environmentally friendly alkaloids (5-chlorosclerotiamide, circumdatin F and notoamide C) produced by the deep-sea-derived fungus Aspergillus westerdijkiae on MFMCs using high-throughput Illumina sequencing in a field test. The results of this study showed that the three alkaloids could significantly decrease the coverage of marine microflora (p < 0.05) and affect the composition and diversity of MFMCs on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plates. Furthermore, 5-chlorosclerotiamide and notoamide C could completely inhibit many macrofouler-inductive-bacteria, such as Pseudoalteromonas and Pseudomonas, and promote the anti-macrofouler-bacteria, such as Winogradskyella, from 0.21% to more than 10% of the MFMCs on PVC plates. These results suggested that 5-chlorosclerotiamide and notoamide C could influence the compositions of MFMCs and make it unfavorable for the settlement of macrofoulers, by reducing the abundance of macrofouler-inductive-bacteria and promoting the percentage of anti-macrofouler-bacteria on PVC plates. The present study provides a new way to evaluate the effect of environmentally friendly AF compounds and obtain a better understanding of the antifouling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiao Gao
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH93FL, United Kingdom
| | - Qingyue Meng
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Xiaowei Luo
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Ziheng Su
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zihui Chen
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Riming Huang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yonghong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China.
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Hu XM, Zhang J, Ding WY, Liang X, Wan R, Dobretsov S, Yang JL. Reduction of mussel metamorphosis by inactivation of the bacterial thioesterase gene via alteration of the fatty acid composition. BIOFOULING 2021; 37:911-921. [PMID: 34620016 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2021.1981882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism underlying modulation of metamorphosis of the bivalve Mytilus coruscus by bacteria remains unclear. Here, the functional role of the thioesterase gene tesA of the bacterium Pseudoalteromonas marina in larval metamorphosis was examined. The aim was to determine whether inactivation of the tesA gene altered the biofilm-inducing capacity, bacterial cell motility, biopolymers, or the intracellular c-di-GMP levels. Complete inactivation of tesA increased the c-di-GMP content in P. marina, accompanied by a reduced fatty acid content, weaker motility, upregulation of bacterial aggregation, and biofilm formation. The metamorphosis rate of mussel larvae on ΔtesA biofilms was reduced by ∼ 80% compared with those settling on wild-type P. marina. Exogenous addition of a mixture of extracted fatty acids from P. marina into the ΔtesA biofilms promoted the biofilm-inducing capacity. This study suggests that the bacterial thioesterase gene tesA altered the fatty acid composition of ΔtesA P. marina biofilms (BF) through regulation of its c-di-GMP, subsequently impacting mussel metamorphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Meng Hu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Junbo Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Wen-Yang Ding
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiao Liang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Rong Wan
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai, PR China
- Zhoushan Branch of National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries, Zhoushan, PR China
| | - Sergey Dobretsov
- Department of Marine Science and Fisheries, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Center of Excellence in Marine Biotechnology, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Jin-Long Yang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, PR China
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A Pseudoalteromonas Clade with Remarkable Biosynthetic Potential. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:AEM.02604-20. [PMID: 33397702 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02604-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudoalteromonas species produce a diverse range of biologically active compounds, including those biosynthesized by nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) and polyketide synthases (PKSs). Here, we report the biochemical and genomic analysis of Pseudoalteromonas sp. strain HM-SA03, isolated from the blue-ringed octopus, Hapalochlaena sp. Genome mining for secondary metabolite pathways revealed seven putative NRPS/PKS biosynthesis gene clusters, including those for the biosynthesis of alterochromides, pseudoalterobactins, alteramides, and four novel compounds. Among these was a novel siderophore biosynthesis gene cluster with unprecedented architecture (NRPS-PKS-NRPS-PKS-NRPS-PKS-NRPS). Alterochromide production in HM-SA03 was also confirmed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. An investigation of the biosynthetic potential of 42 publicly available Pseudoalteromonas genomes indicated that some of these gene clusters are distributed throughout the genus. Through the phylogenetic analysis, a particular subset of strains formed a clade with extraordinary biosynthetic potential, with an average density of 10 biosynthesis gene clusters per genome. In contrast, the majority of Pseudoalteromonas strains outside this clade contained an average of three clusters encoding complex biosynthesis. These results highlight the underexplored potential of Pseudoalteromonas as a source of new natural products.IMPORTANCE This study demonstrates that the Pseudoalteromonas strain HM-SA03, isolated from the venomous blue-ringed octopus, Hapalochalaena sp., is a biosynthetically talented organism, capable of producing alterochromides and potentially six other specialized metabolites. We identified a pseudoalterobactin biosynthesis gene cluster and proposed a pathway for the production of the associated siderophore. A novel siderophore biosynthesis gene cluster with unprecedented architecture was also identified in the HM-SA03 genome. Finally, we demonstrated that HM-SA03 belongs to a phylogenetic clade of strains with extraordinary biosynthetic potential. While our results do not support a role of HM-SA03 in Hapalochalaena sp. venom (tetrodotoxin) production, they emphasize the untapped potential of Pseudoalteromonas as a source of novel natural products.
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Agostini VO, Muxagata E, Pinho GLL, Pessi IS, Macedo AJ. Bacteria-invertebrate interactions as an asset in developing new antifouling coatings for man-made aquatic surfaces. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 271:116284. [PMID: 33360655 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Economic losses can result from biofouling establishment on man-made structures. Macrofouling causes damage to artificial substrates, which justifies the need for its control. However, the antifouling coatings employed nowadays are typically not safe for the environment. Microfouling can affect macrofouling colonization, and thus represents a potential target for alternative antifouling control. From both ecological and economical points of view, information on the ecology and interactions between micro- and macrofouling are crucial to develop successful and safe control strategies, which will prevent biofouling development on man-made structures while preserving water quality and the safety of non-target organisms. This study presents a metabarcoding analysis of biofilm-associated marine bacteria (16S-rRNA-gene) and fungi (ITS-region), with the aim to understand invertebrate settlement over time on hard substrates exposed to natural condition (Control) and two treatments (Antimicrobials and Antifouling Painted). Biofouling composition changed with exposure time (up to 12 days) and showed differences among Control and Antimicrobials and Painted treatments. Antimicrobial treatment influenced more the biofouling composition than traditional antifouling paint (Cu2O-based). Both treatments caused microbial resistance. Macrofouling establishment was strongly influenced by Gram-negative heterotrophic bacteria (mostly Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes). Nevertheless, each macrofouling taxon settled in response to a specific biofilm bacterial composition, although other factors can also affect the biofouling community as the condition of the substrate. We suggest that proper friendly antifouling technologies should be focused on inhibiting bacterial biofilm adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Ochi Agostini
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática - Instituto de Oceanografia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG). Caixa Postal, 474, CEP: 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Post-Doctoral fellow - Programa Nacional de Pós-Doutorado da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (PNPD-CAPES), Programa de Pós-graduação em Oceanologia (PPGO), Brazil.
| | - Erik Muxagata
- Laboratório de Zooplâncton - Instituto de Oceanografia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG). Av. Itália, Km 8, Caixa Postal, 474, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
| | - Grasiela Lopes Leães Pinho
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática - Instituto de Oceanografia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG). Caixa Postal, 474, CEP: 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
| | - Igor Stelmach Pessi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00014, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, University of Helsinki, Yliopistonkatu 3, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Alexandre José Macedo
- Laboratório de Biofilmes e Diversidade Microbiana - Faculdade de Farmácia e Centro de Biotecnologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Bairro Azenha, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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An unusual microbiome characterises a spatially-aggressive crustose alga rapidly overgrowing shallow Caribbean reefs. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20949. [PMID: 33257715 PMCID: PMC7705730 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76204-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Several species of crustose coralline algae (CCA) and their associated microbial biofilms play important roles in determining the settlement location of scleractinian corals on tropical reefs. In recent decades, peyssonnelid algal crusts (PAC) have become spatial dominants across large areas of shallow Caribbean reefs, where they appear to deter the recruitment of scleractinians. Our genetic investigations of PAC in St. John, US Virgin Islands, amplifying the large-subunit ribosomal RNA and psbA protein D1 marker genes, revealed them to be identical to Ramicrusta textilis previously reported overgrowing corals in Jamaica. Specimens of PAC sampled from the Honduras were likewise identical, confirming that this crustose alga inhabits the easternmost and westernmost regions of the Caribbean. We also analysed 16S rDNA tag amplicon libraries of the biofilms associated with PAC and sympatric CCA, which is favoured for coral settlement. Our results show that the microbial communities on PAC (vs. CCA) are characterized by significantly lower numbers of the epibiotic bacterial genus Pseudoalteromonas, which facilitates the recruitment and settlement of marine invertebrates. From these data, we infer that PAC are therefore unlikely to be attractive as settlement sites for coral larvae. Given the significant ecological change anticipated on these reefs due to increasing cover of PAC, there is an urgent need to further investigate competitive interactions between PAC and scleractinian corals, and elucidate the role of PAC and their associated microbiomes in accentuating phase shifts from coral to algae on tropical reefs.
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Cacabelos E, Ramalhosa P, Canning-Clode J, Troncoso JS, Olabarria C, Delgado C, Dobretsov S, Gestoso I. The Role of Biofilms Developed under Different Anthropogenic Pressure on Recruitment of Macro-Invertebrates. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062030. [PMID: 32188145 PMCID: PMC7139543 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial biofilms can be key mediators for settlement of macrofoulers. The present study examines the coupled effects of microbial biofilms and local environmental conditions on the composition, structure and functioning of macrofouling assemblages. Settlement of invertebrates over a gradient of human-impacted sites was investigated on local biofilms and on biofilms developed in marine protected areas (MPAs). Special attention was given to the presence of non-indigenous species (NIS), a global problem that can cause important impacts on local assemblages. In general, the formation of macrofouling assemblages was influenced by the identity of the biofilm. However, these relationships varied across levels of anthropogenic pressure, possibly influenced by environmental conditions and the propagule pressure locally available. While the NIS Watersipora subatra seemed to be inhibited by the biofilm developed in the MPA, Diplosoma cf. listerianum seemed to be attracted by biofilm developed in the MPA only under mid anthropogenic pressure. The obtained information is critical for marine environmental management, urgently needed for the establishment of prevention and control mechanisms to minimize the settlement of NIS and mitigate their threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Cacabelos
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Agência Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investigação Tecnologia e Inovação (ARDITI), Edifício Madeira Tecnopolo, Piso 0, Caminho da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Madeira, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Patrício Ramalhosa
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Agência Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investigação Tecnologia e Inovação (ARDITI), Edifício Madeira Tecnopolo, Piso 0, Caminho da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Madeira, Portugal
- OMM—Oceanic Observatory of Madeira, Agência Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investigação Tecnologia e Inovação, Edifício Madeira Tecnopolo, Piso 0, Caminho da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Madeira, Portugal
| | - João Canning-Clode
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Agência Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investigação Tecnologia e Inovação (ARDITI), Edifício Madeira Tecnopolo, Piso 0, Caminho da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Madeira, Portugal
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, MD 21037, USA
| | - Jesús S. Troncoso
- Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Universidade de Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, E-36310 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Marina, CIM Universidade de Vigo, Illa de Toralla, E-36331 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Celia Olabarria
- Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Universidade de Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, E-36310 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Marina, CIM Universidade de Vigo, Illa de Toralla, E-36331 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Cristina Delgado
- Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Universidade de Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, E-36310 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Sergey Dobretsov
- Department of Marine Science and Fisheries, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
- Center of Excellence in Marine Biotechnology, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Ignacio Gestoso
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Agência Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investigação Tecnologia e Inovação (ARDITI), Edifício Madeira Tecnopolo, Piso 0, Caminho da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Madeira, Portugal
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, MD 21037, USA
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Zeng Z, Cai X, Wang P, Guo Y, Liu X, Li B, Wang X. Biofilm Formation and Heat Stress Induce Pyomelanin Production in Deep-Sea Pseudoalteromonas sp. SM9913. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1822. [PMID: 28983293 PMCID: PMC5613676 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudoalteromonas is an important bacterial genus present in various marine habitats. Many strains of this genus are found to be surface colonizers on marine eukaryotes and produce a wide range of pigments. However, the exact physiological role and mechanism of pigmentation were less studied. Pseudoalteromonas sp. SM9913 (SM9913), an non-pigmented strain isolated from the deep-sea sediment, formed attached biofilm at the solid–liquid interface and pellicles at the liquid–air interface at a wide range of temperatures. Lower temperatures and lower nutrient levels promoted the formation of attached biofilm, while higher nutrient levels promoted pellicle formation of SM9913. Notably, after prolonged incubation at higher temperatures growing planktonically or at the later stage of the biofilm formation, we found that SM9913 released a brownish pigment. By comparing the protein profile at different temperatures followed by qRT-PCR, we found that the production of pigment at higher temperatures was due to the induction of melA gene which is responsible for the synthesis of homogentisic acid (HGA). The auto-oxidation of HGA can lead to the formation of pyomelanin, which has been shown in other bacteria. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer analysis confirmed that the pigment produced in SM9913 was pyomelanin-like compound. Furthermore, we demonstrated that, during heat stress and during biofilm formation, the induction level of melA gene was significantly higher than that of the hmgA gene which is responsible for the degradation of HGA in the L-tyrosine catabolism pathway. Collectively, our results suggest that the production of pyomelanin of SM9913 at elevated temperatures or during biofilm formation might be one of the adaptive responses of marine bacteria to environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenshun Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, The South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
| | - Xingsheng Cai
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, The South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
| | - Pengxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, The South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
| | - Yunxue Guo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, The South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, The South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
| | - Baiyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, The South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of MicrobiologyGuangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, The South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
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10
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Pootakham W, Mhuantong W, Yoocha T, Putchim L, Sonthirod C, Naktang C, Thongtham N, Tangphatsornruang S. High resolution profiling of coral-associated bacterial communities using full-length 16S rRNA sequence data from PacBio SMRT sequencing system. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2774. [PMID: 28584301 PMCID: PMC5459821 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03139-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Coral reefs are a complex ecosystem consisting of coral animals and a vast array of associated symbionts including the dinoflagellate Symbiodinium, fungi, viruses and bacteria. Several studies have highlighted the importance of coral-associated bacteria and their fundamental roles in fitness and survival of the host animal. The scleractinian coral Porites lutea is one of the dominant reef-builders in the Indo-West Pacific. Currently, very little is known about the composition and structure of bacterial communities across P. lutea reefs. The purpose of this study is twofold: to demonstrate the advantages of using PacBio circular consensus sequencing technology in microbial community studies and to investigate the diversity and structure of P. lutea-associated microbiome in the Indo-Pacific. This is the first metagenomic study of marine environmental samples that utilises the PacBio sequencing system to capture full-length 16S rRNA sequences. We observed geographically distinct coral-associated microbial profiles between samples from the Gulf of Thailand and Andaman Sea. Despite the geographical and environmental impacts on the coral-host interactions, we identified a conserved community of bacteria that were present consistently across diverse reef habitats. Finally, we demonstrated the superior performance of full-length 16S rRNA sequences in resolving taxonomic uncertainty of coral associates at the species level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wirulda Pootakham
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand.
| | - Wuttichai Mhuantong
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Thippawan Yoocha
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Lalita Putchim
- Phuket Marine Biological Center, Phuket, 83000, Thailand
| | - Chutima Sonthirod
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Chaiwat Naktang
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | | | - Sithichoke Tangphatsornruang
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
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11
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Emami K, Nelson A, Hack E, Zhang J, Green DH, Caldwell GS, Mesbahi E. MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Discriminates Known Species and Marine Environmental Isolates of Pseudoalteromonas. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:104. [PMID: 26903983 PMCID: PMC4751257 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Pseudoalteromonas constitutes an ecologically significant group of marine Gammaproteobacteria with potential biotechnological value as producers of bioactive compounds and of enzymes. Understanding their roles in the environment and bioprospecting for novel products depend on efficient ways of identifying environmental isolates. Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) biotyping has promise as a rapid and reliable method of identifying and distinguishing between different types of bacteria, but has had relatively limited application to marine bacteria and has not been applied systematically to Pseudoalteromonas. Therefore, we constructed a MALDI-TOF MS database of 31 known Pseudoalteromonas species, to which new isolates can be compared by MALDI-TOF biotyping. The ability of MALDI-TOF MS to distinguish between species was scrutinized by comparison with 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The patterns of similarity given by the two approaches were broadly but not completely consistent. In general, the resolution of MALDI-TOF MS was greater than that of 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The database was tested with 13 environmental Pseudoalteromonas isolates from UK waters. All of the test strains could be identified to genus level by MALDI-TOF MS biotyping, but most could not be definitely identified to species level. We conclude that several of these isolates, and possibly most, represent new species. Thus, further taxonomic investigation of Pseudoalteromonas is needed before MALDI-TOF MS biotyping can be used reliably for species identification. It is, however, a powerful tool for characterizing and distinguishing among environmental isolates and can make an important contribution to taxonomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Emami
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Andrew Nelson
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ethan Hack
- School of Biology, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee Dundee, UK
| | - David H Green
- Microbial and Molecular Biology, Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute Oban, UK
| | - Gary S Caldwell
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ehsan Mesbahi
- Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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12
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Zeng Z, Guo XP, Li B, Wang P, Cai X, Tian X, Zhang S, Yang JL, Wang X. Characterization of self-generated variants in Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica biofilm with increased antifouling activities. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:10127-39. [PMID: 26264135 PMCID: PMC4643108 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6865-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Pseudoalteromonas is widespread in various marine environments, and most strains can affect invertebrate larval settlement and metamorphosis by forming biofilms. However, the impact and the molecular basis of population diversification occurring in Pseudoalteromonas biofilms are poorly understood. Here, we show that morphological diversification is prevalent in Pseudoalteromonas species during biofilm formation. Two types of genetic variants, wrinkled (frequency of 12 ± 5 %) and translucent (frequency of 5 ± 3 %), were found in Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica biofilms. The inducing activities of biofilms formed by the two variants on larval settlement and metamorphosis of the mussel Mytilus coruscus were significantly decreased, suggesting strong antifouling activities. Using whole-genome re-sequencing combined with genetic manipulation, two genes were identified to be responsible for the morphology alternations. A nonsense mutation in AT00_08765 led to a wrinkled morphology due to the overproduction of cellulose, whereas a point mutation in AT00_17125 led to a translucent morphology via a reduction in capsular polysaccharide production. Taken together, the results suggest that the microbial behavior on larval settlement and metamorphosis in marine environment could be affected by the self-generated variants generated during the formation of marine biofilms, thereby rendering potential application in biocontrol of marine biofouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenshun Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | | | - Baiyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pengxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingsheng Cai
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinpeng Tian
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Xiaoxue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, People's Republic of China.
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13
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From broad-spectrum biocides to quorum sensing disruptors and mussel repellents: antifouling profile of alkyl triphenylphosphonium salts. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123652. [PMID: 25897858 PMCID: PMC4405350 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
'Onium' compounds, including ammonium and phosphonium salts, have been employed as antiseptics and disinfectants. These cationic biocides have been incorporated into multiple materials, principally to avoid bacterial attachment. In this work, we selected 20 alkyl-triphenylphosphonium salts, differing mainly in the length and functionalization of their alkyl chains, in fulfilment of two main objectives: 1) to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the antifouling profile of these molecules with relevant marine fouling organisms; and 2) to shed new light on their potential applications, beyond their classic use as broad-spectrum biocides. In this regard, we demonstrate for the first time that these compounds are also able to act as non-toxic quorum sensing disruptors in two different bacterial models (Chromobacterium violaceum and Vibrio harveyi) as well as repellents in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. In addition, their inhibitory activity on a fouling-relevant enzymatic model (tyrosinase) is characterized. An analysis of the structure-activity relationships of these compounds for antifouling purposes is provided, which may result useful in the design of targeted antifouling solutions with these molecules. Altogether, the findings reported herein provide a different perspective on the biological activities of phosphonium compounds that is particularly focused on, but, as the reader will realize, is not limited to their use as antifouling agents.
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14
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Torres-Crespo N, Martínez-Ruiz F, González-Muñoz MT, Bedmar EJ, De Lange GJ, Jroundi F. Role of bacteria in marine barite precipitation: a case study using Mediterranean seawater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 512-513:562-571. [PMID: 25647371 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Marine bacteria isolated from natural seawater were used to test their capacity to promote barite precipitation under laboratory conditions. Seawater samples were collected in the western and eastern Mediterranean at 250 m and 200 m depths, respectively, since marine barite formation is thought to occur in the upper water column. The results indicate that Pseudoalteromonas sp., Idiomarina sp. and Alteromonas sp. actually precipitate barite under experimental conditions. Barite precipitates show typical characteristics of microbial precipitation in terms of size, morphology and composition. Initially, a P-rich phase precipitates and subsequently evolves to barite crystals with low P contents. Under laboratory conditions barite formation correlates with extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production. Barite precipitates are particularly abundant in cultures where EPS production is similarly abundant. Our results further support the idea that bacteria may provide appropriate microenvironments for mineral precipitation in the water column. Therefore, bacterial production in the past ocean should be considered when using Ba proxies for paleoproductivity reconstructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Torres-Crespo
- Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CSIC-UGR) Av. de las Palmeras 4, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| | - F Martínez-Ruiz
- Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CSIC-UGR) Av. de las Palmeras 4, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| | - M T González-Muñoz
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, 18002 Granada, Spain.
| | - E J Bedmar
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, C/Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain.
| | - G J De Lange
- Department of Earth Sciences, Geosciences Faculty, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, P.O. Box 80021, 3584 CD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - F Jroundi
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, 18002 Granada, Spain.
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15
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Inhibition of bacterial quorum sensing by extracts from aquatic fungi: first report from marine endophytes. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:5503-26. [PMID: 25415350 PMCID: PMC4245542 DOI: 10.3390/md12115503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In our search for quorum-sensing (QS) disrupting molecules, 75 fungal isolates were recovered from reef organisms (endophytes), saline lakes and mangrove rhizosphere. Their QS inhibitory activity was evaluated in Chromobacterium violaceum CVO26. Four strains of endophytic fungi stood out for their potent activity at concentrations from 500 to 50 μg mL−1. The molecular characterization, based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequences (ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2) between the rRNA of 18S and 28S, identified these strains as belonging to four genera: Sarocladium (LAEE06), Fusarium (LAEE13), Epicoccum (LAEE14), and Khuskia (LAEE21). Interestingly, three came from coral species and two of them came from the same organism, the coral Diploria strigosa. Metabolic profiles obtained by Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS) suggest that a combination of fungal secondary metabolites and fatty acids could be the responsible for the observed activities. The LC-HRMS analysis also revealed the presence of potentially new secondary metabolites. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first report of QS inhibition by marine endophytic fungi.
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16
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Yang C, Yu Y, Sun W, Xia C. Indole derivatives inhibited the formation of bacterial biofilm and modulated Ca2+ efflux in diatom. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 88:62-69. [PMID: 25287229 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Marine biofouling is a serious environmental problem worldwide. As an effort to find environmental friendly antifoulants, indole derivatives were determined for their activities to inhibit the growth of bacteria and diatom. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of indole derivatives against bacteria were very low, especially for 6-chloroindole. It was proved that 6-chloroindole obviously inhibited the growth of bacteria, interfered with the formation of bacterial biofilm, destroyed bacterial cell morphology and also inhibited the growth of diatom Cylindrotheca sp. as well. By using noninvasive micro-test technique (NMT), 6-chloroindole triggered algal cellular Ca(2+) efflux. The highest value was 72.03 pmol cm(-2)s(-1), 10.6 times of the control group. The present studies indicated that indole derivatives might have the potential to be new antifouling agents because of their excellent antibacterial and anti-algal activities. At the same time, Ca(2+) efflux might be one of the mechanisms that indole derivatives inhibited the growth of diatom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiyun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Research Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Yanan Yu
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Wenjun Sun
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Chuanhai Xia
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Research Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
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17
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Chandramouli KH, Dash S, Zhang Y, Ravasi T, Qian PY. Proteomic and metabolomic profiles of marine Vibrio sp. 010 in response to an antifoulant challenge. BIOFOULING 2013; 29:789-802. [PMID: 23822634 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2013.805209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio spp. have the ability to form biofilms, which may contribute to the subsequent successful colonization by microfouling and macrofouling organisms. The effects of an antifouling compound, poly-ether B, on Vibrio sp. 010 were investigated using flow cytometry, proteomics, and metabolomics. A 2-D gel-based proteomic analysis was used to identify proteins responsive to poly-ether B treatment. The profiles of biofilm metabolites were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Poly-ether B caused a significant reduction in viability. The proteins affected by the treatment were related to nucleotide metabolism, the glyoxylate cycle, and stress responses. Metabolites such as tripeptides, fatty acids, and quorum-sensing molecules were regulated differentially. Down-regulation of proteins and metabolites potentially led to a loss in colonisation ability, thereby affecting the structure of the biofilm. These results suggest that the proteins and metabolites identified may serve as target molecules for potent antifouling compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kondethimmanahalli H Chandramouli
- KAUST Global Collaborative Research, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
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18
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Huang Y, Zhang J, Zhu L. Evaluation of the application potential of bentonites in phenanthrene bioremediation by characterizing the biofilm community. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 134:17-23. [PMID: 23500554 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Application of clay minerals in bioremediation has emerged as a new and promising research field. In this study, the application of calcinated bentonite (CB) and calcinated organobentonite (COB) in phenanthrene (Phe) bioremediation showed high Phe removal efficiency. Clone libraries based on 16S rRNA gene and scanning electronic microscopy showed that diverse taxa of bacteria formed biofilms on both COB and CB particles. The family Sphingomonadaceae was the major group and made up 18% and 23% of the COB and CB biofilm composition, respectively. All and 80% of dioxygenase genes from COB and CB biofilms were closely related to that of Sphingomonas sp., and others matched to that of Comamonas and Mycobacterium. The selective effect of COB on bacterial community was also evident. This study characterized for the first time the bacterial diversity of biofilm community and functional Phe degrading groups on bentonites particles, and provided useful information for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yili Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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19
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Effects of eutrophication, seasonality and macrofouling on the diversity of bacterial biofilms in equatorial coral reefs. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39951. [PMID: 22792198 PMCID: PMC3391224 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms play an important role as a settlement cue for invertebrate larvae and significantly contribute to the nutrient turnover in aquatic ecosystems. Nevertheless, little is known about how biofilm community structure generally responds to environmental changes. This study aimed to identify patterns of bacterial dynamics in coral reef biofilms in response to associated macrofouling community structure, microhabitat (exposed vs. sheltered), seasonality, and eutrophication. Settlement tiles were deployed at four reefs along a cross-shelf eutrophication gradient and were exchanged every 4 months over 20 months. The fouling community composition on the tiles was recorded and the bacterial community structure was assessed with the community fingerprinting technique Automated Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis (ARISA). Bacterial operational taxonomic unit (OTU) number was higher on exposed tiles, where the fouling community was homogenous and algae-dominated, than in sheltered habitats, which were occupied by a variety of filter feeders. Furthermore, OTU number was also highest in eutrophied near-shore reefs, while seasonal variations in community structure were most pronounced in the oligotrophic mid-shelf reef. In contrast, the macrofouling community structure did not change significantly with seasons. Changes in bacterial community patterns were mostly affected by microhabitat, seasonal and anthropogenically derived changes in nutrient availability, and to a lesser extent by changes in the macrofouling community structure. Path analysis revealed a complex interplay of various environmental and biological factors explaining the spatial and temporal variations in bacterial biofilm communities under natural conditions.
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20
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Siboni N, Abrego D, Seneca F, Motti CA, Andreakis N, Tebben J, Blackall LL, Harder T. Using bacterial extract along with differential gene expression in Acropora millepora larvae to decouple the processes of attachment and metamorphosis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37774. [PMID: 22655067 PMCID: PMC3359992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms of the bacterium Pseudoalteromonas induce metamorphosis of acroporid coral larvae. The bacterial metabolite tetrabromopyrrole (TBP), isolated from an extract of Pseudoalteromonas sp. associated with the crustose coralline alga (CCA) Neogoniolithon fosliei, induced coral larval metamorphosis (100%) with little or no attachment (0–2%). To better understand the molecular events and mechanisms underpinning the induction of Acropora millepora larval metamorphosis, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, migration, adhesion and biomineralisation, two novel coral gene expression assays were implemented. These involved the use of reverse-transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and employed 47 genes of interest (GOI), selected based on putative roles in the processes of settlement and metamorphosis. Substantial differences in transcriptomic responses of GOI were detected following incubation of A. millepora larvae with a threshold concentration and 10-fold elevated concentration of TBP-containing extracts of Pseudoalteromonas sp. The notable and relatively abrupt changes of the larval body structure during metamorphosis correlated, at the molecular level, with significant differences (p<0.05) in gene expression profiles of 24 GOI, 12 hours post exposure. Fourteen of those GOI also presented differences in expression (p<0.05) following exposure to the threshold concentration of bacterial TBP-containing extract. The specificity of the bacterial TBP-containing extract to induce the metamorphic stage in A. millepora larvae without attachment, using a robust, low cost, accurate, ecologically relevant and highly reproducible RT-qPCR assay, allowed partially decoupling of the transcriptomic processes of attachment and metamorphosis. The bacterial TBP-containing extract provided a unique opportunity to monitor the regulation of genes exclusively involved in the process of metamorphosis, contrasting previous gene expression studies that utilized cues, such as crustose coralline algae, biofilms or with GLW-amide neuropeptides that stimulate the entire onset of larval metamorphosis and attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nachshon Siboni
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Australia.
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21
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Huang YL, Li M, Yu Z, Qian PY. Correlation between pigmentation and larval settlement deterrence by Pseudoalteromonas sp. sf57. BIOFOULING 2011; 27:287-293. [PMID: 21390913 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2011.562978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The red-pigmented marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. sf57 forms a biofilm that deters larval settlement of the tube-building polychaete Hydroides elegans. To investigate the correlation between pigmentation and larval settlement deterrence, mutants of sf57 with deficient or altered pigmentation were generated by transposon mutagenesis. Five groups of pigmented mutants were obtained, viz. white, yellow, pink, dark red, and white-to-red. The white mutant WM1, which exhibited a substantial increase in bacterial density in the biofilm, became inductive to larval settlement. The other mutants that showed a lesser increase in bacterial density in their biofilms either retained their deterrence or induced higher larval settlement rates, but did not become inductive strains. Analysis of the disrupted genes in these mutants suggests that the type II secretion pathway, the LysR transcriptional regulator, NAD(P)-binding proteins, exonuclease, pyruvate metabolism, flagella assembly, and cell membrane processes may play a role in the regulation of pigmentation in sf57.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Li Huang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Zhejiang University, Hang Zhou, China
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22
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Hadfield MG. Biofilms and marine invertebrate larvae: what bacteria produce that larvae use to choose settlement sites. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2011; 3:453-70. [PMID: 21329213 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-120709-142753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Communities of microorganisms form thin coats across solid surfaces in the sea. Larvae of many marine invertebrates use biofilm components as cues to appropriate settlement sites. Research on the tube-dwelling polychaete worm Hydroides elegans, a globally common member of biofouling communities, is described to exemplify approaches to understanding biofilm bacteria as a source of settlement cues and larvae as bearers of receptors for bacterial cues. The association of species of the bacterial genus Pseudoalteromonas with larval settlement in many phyla is described, and the question of whether cues are soluble or surface-bound is reviewed, concluding that most evidence points to surface-bound cues. Seemingly contradictory data for stimulation of barnacle settlement are discussed; possibly both explanations are true. Paleontological evidence reveals a relationship between metazoans and biofilms very early in metazoan evolution, and thus the receptors for bacterial cues of invertebrate larvae are very old and possibly unique. Finally, despite more than 60 years of intense investigation, we still know very little about either the bacterial ligands that stimulate larval settlement or the cellular basis of their detection by larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Hadfield
- Kewalo Marine Laboratory and Department of Zoology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA.
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23
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Evidence for the dynamics of Acyl homoserine lactone and AHL-producing bacteria during subtidal biofilm formation. ISME JOURNAL 2008; 3:296-304. [DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2008.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Bowman JP. Bioactive compound synthetic capacity and ecological significance of marine bacterial genus pseudoalteromonas. Mar Drugs 2007; 5:220-41. [PMID: 18463726 PMCID: PMC2365693 DOI: 10.3390/md504220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2007] [Accepted: 12/14/2007] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Pseudoalteromonas is a marine group of bacteria belonging to the class Gammaproteobacteria that has come to attention in the natural product and microbial ecology science fields in the last decade. Pigmented species of the genus have been shown to produce an array of low and high molecular weight compounds with antimicrobial, anti-fouling, algicidal and various pharmaceutically-relevant activities. Compounds formed include toxic proteins, polyanionic exopolymers, substituted phenolic and pyrolle-containing alkaloids, cyclic peptides and a range of bromine-substituted compounds. Ecologically, Pseudoalteromonas appears significant and to date has been shown to influence biofilm formation in various marine econiches; involved in predator-like interactions within the microbial loop; influence settlement, germination and metamorphosis of various invertebrate and algal species; and may also be adopted by marine flora and fauna as defensive agents. Studies have been so far limited to a relatively small subset of strains compared to the known diversity of the genus suggesting that many more discoveries of novel natural products as well as ecological connections these may have in the marine ecosystem remain to be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Bowman
- Tasmania Institute of Agricultural Research, School of Agricultural Science, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia.
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