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Rios-Delgado G, McReynolds AKG, Pagella EA, Norambuena J, Briaud P, Zheng V, Munneke MJ, Kim J, Racine H, Carroll R, Zelzion E, Skaar E, Bose JL, Parker D, Lalaouna D, Boyd JM. The Staphylococcus aureus small non-coding RNA IsrR regulates TCA cycle activity and virulence. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.03.601953. [PMID: 39005296 PMCID: PMC11245030 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.03.601953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus has evolved mechanisms to cope with low iron (Fe) availability in host tissues. S. aureus uses the ferric uptake transcriptional regulator (Fur) to sense titers of cytosolic Fe. Upon Fe depletion, apo-Fur relieves transcriptional repression of genes utilized for Fe uptake. We demonstrate that an S. aureus Δfur mutant has decreased expression of acnA, which codes for the Fe-dependent enzyme aconitase. Decreased acnA expression prevented the Δfur mutant from growing with amino acids as sole carbon and energy sources. Suppressor analysis determined that a mutation in isrR, which produces a regulatory RNA, permitted growth by decreasing isrR transcription. The decreased AcnA activity of the Δfur mutant was partially relieved by an ΔisrR mutation. Directed mutation of bases predicted to facilitate the interaction between the acnA transcript and IsrR, decreased the ability of IsrR to control acnA expression in vivo and IsrR bound to the acnA transcript in vitro. IsrR also bound to the transcripts coding the alternate TCA cycle proteins sdhC, mqo, citZ, and citM. Whole cell metal analyses suggest that IsrR promotes Fe uptake and increases intracellular Fe not ligated by macromolecules. Lastly, we determined that Fur and IsrR promote infection using murine skin and acute pneumonia models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Rios-Delgado
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Aubrey K. G. McReynolds
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics, and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kanas City, KS, 66103, USA
| | - Emma A. Pagella
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics, and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kanas City, KS, 66103, USA
| | - Javiera Norambuena
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Paul Briaud
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Vincent Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Matthew J. Munneke
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Jisun Kim
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, 07103, USA
| | - Hugo Racine
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l’ARN, UPR9002, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Ronan Carroll
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Ehud Zelzion
- Office of Advanced Research Computing, Rutgers University, 96 Frelinghuysen Road Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Eric Skaar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Jeffrey L. Bose
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics, and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kanas City, KS, 66103, USA
| | - Dane Parker
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, 07103, USA
| | - David Lalaouna
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l’ARN, UPR9002, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Jeffrey M. Boyd
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
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Norambuena J, Al-Tameemi H, Bovermann H, Kim J, Beavers WN, Skaar EP, Parker D, Boyd JM. Copper ions inhibit pentose phosphate pathway function in Staphylococcus aureus. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011393. [PMID: 37235600 PMCID: PMC10249872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To gain a better insight of how Copper (Cu) ions toxify cells, metabolomic analyses were performed in S. aureus strains that lacks the described Cu ion detoxification systems (ΔcopBL ΔcopAZ; cop-). Exposure of the cop- strain to Cu(II) resulted in an increase in the concentrations of metabolites utilized to synthesize phosphoribosyl diphosphate (PRPP). PRPP is created using the enzyme phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase (Prs) which catalyzes the interconversion of ATP and ribose 5-phosphate to PRPP and AMP. Supplementing growth medium with metabolites requiring PRPP for synthesis improved growth in the presence of Cu(II). A suppressor screen revealed that a strain with a lesion in the gene coding adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (apt) was more resistant to Cu. Apt catalyzes the conversion of adenine with PRPP to AMP. The apt mutant had an increased pool of adenine suggesting that the PRPP pool was being redirected. Over-production of apt, or alternate enzymes that utilize PRPP, increased sensitivity to Cu(II). Increasing or decreasing expression of prs resulted in decreased and increased sensitivity to growth in the presence of Cu(II), respectively. We demonstrate that Prs is inhibited by Cu ions in vivo and in vitro and that treatment of cells with Cu(II) results in decreased PRPP levels. Lastly, we establish that S. aureus that lacks the ability to remove Cu ions from the cytosol is defective in colonizing the airway in a murine model of acute pneumonia, as well as the skin. The data presented are consistent with a model wherein Cu ions inhibits pentose phosphate pathway function and are used by the immune system to prevent S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javiera Norambuena
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Hassan Al-Tameemi
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Hannah Bovermann
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jisun Kim
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - William N. Beavers
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Eric P. Skaar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Dane Parker
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey M. Boyd
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
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