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Wang X, Li Y, Kang L, Zhang Z, Zhang D, Li P, Zhang Q, Ma X, Wang J, Hou Y, Li Q, Fu J, Hong M. Diversity, functions, and antibiotic resistance genes of bacteria and fungi are examined in the bamboo plant phyllosphere that serve as food for the giant pandas. Int Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s10123-024-00583-x. [PMID: 39168909 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-024-00583-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
The phyllosphere of bamboo is rich in microorganisms that can disrupt the intestinal microbiota of the giant pandas that consume them, potentially leading to their death. In the present study, the abundance, diversity, biological functions (e.g., KEGG and CAZyme), and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) of bacteria and fungi in two bamboo species phyllosphere (Chimonobambusa szechuanensis, CS; Bashania fangiana, BF) in Daxiangling Nature Reserve (an important part of the Giant Panda National Park) were investigated respectively by amplicon sequencing of the whole 16S rRNA and ITS1-ITS2 genes on PacBio Sequel and whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing on Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. The results suggested that there were respectively 18 bacterial and 34 fungi biomarkers between the phyllosphere of the two species of bamboo. Beta diversity of bacteria and fungi communities exited between the two bamboos according to the (un)weighted UniFrac distance matrix. Moreover, the functional analysis showed that the largest relative abundance was found in the genes related to metabolism and global and overview maps. Glycoside hydrolases (GHs) and glycosyl transferases (GTs) have a higher abundance in two bamboo phyllospheres. Co-occurrence network modeling suggested that bacteria and fungi communities in CS phyllosphere employed a much more complex metabolic network than that in BF, and the abundance of multidrug, tetracycline, and glycopeptide resistance genes was higher and closely correlated with other ARGs. This study references the basis for protecting bamboo resources foraged by wild giant pandas and predicts the risk of antibiotic resistance in bamboo phyllosphere bacterial and fungal microbiota in the Giant Panda National Park, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Wang
- Liziping Giant Panda's Ecology and Conservation Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province (Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province), China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637001, China
| | - Yi Li
- Liziping Giant Panda's Ecology and Conservation Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province (Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province), China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637001, China
| | - Liwen Kang
- Liziping Giant Panda's Ecology and Conservation Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province (Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province), China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637001, China
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Zejun Zhang
- Liziping Giant Panda's Ecology and Conservation Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province (Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province), China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637001, China
| | - Dongling Zhang
- Daxiangling Nature Reserve Administration, Ya'an, 625000, China
| | - Ping Li
- Daxiangling Nature Reserve Administration, Ya'an, 625000, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Appraisal Center for Environment and Engineering, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Xuemei Ma
- Bishan Laifeng Middle School, Chongqing, 40000, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Liziping Giant Panda's Ecology and Conservation Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province (Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province), China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637001, China
| | - Yiwei Hou
- Liziping Giant Panda's Ecology and Conservation Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province (Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province), China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637001, China
| | - Qiuxian Li
- Liziping Giant Panda's Ecology and Conservation Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province (Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province), China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637001, China
| | - Jinghui Fu
- Liziping Giant Panda's Ecology and Conservation Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province (Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province), China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637001, China
| | - Mingsheng Hong
- Liziping Giant Panda's Ecology and Conservation Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province (Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province), China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637001, China.
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2
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Zhang W, Zheng L, Xie J, Su X, Zhang M, Huang H, Schmitz-Esser S, Du S, Yang Y, Xie J, Zhang Q, Yu S, Guo Q, Wang H, Zhang L, Yang K, Hou R. The giant panda gut harbors a high diversity of lactic acid bacteria revealed by a novel culturomics pipeline. mSystems 2024; 9:e0052024. [PMID: 38920380 PMCID: PMC11265448 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00520-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Some lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can provide significant health benefits, which are critically important for the conservation of endangered animals, such as giant pandas. However, little is known about the diversity and culturability of LAB in the giant panda gut microbiota. To understand the roles of LAB in giant panda conservation, it is critical to culture bacterial strains of interest. In this study, we established a pipeline to culture bacterial strains using enrichment of target bacteria with different liquid media and growth conditions. Then, the strains were isolated in solid media to study their functions. Using 210 samples from the culture enrichment method and 138 culture-independent samples, we obtained 1120 amplicon sequencing variants (ASVs) belonging to Lactobacillales. Out of the 1120 ASVs, 812 ASVs from the culture enrichment approach were twofold more diverse than 336 ASVs from the culture-independent approach. Many ASVs of interest were not detected in the culture-independent approach. Using this pipeline, we isolated many relevant bacterial strains and established a giant panda gut bacteria strain collection that included strains with low-abundance in culture-independent samples and included most of the giant panda LAB described by other researchers. The strain collection consisted of 60 strains representing 35 species of 12 genera. Thus, our pipeline is powerful and provides guidance in culturing gut microbiota of interest in hosts such as the giant panda.IMPORTANCECultivation is necessary to screen strains to experimentally investigate microbial traits, and to confirm the activities of novel genes through functional characterization studies. In the long-term, such work can aid in the identification of potential health benefits conferred by bacteria and this could aid in the identification of bacterial candidate strains that can be applied as probiotics. In this study, we developed a pipeline with low-cost and user-friendly culture enrichment to reveal the diversity of LAB in giant pandas. We compared the difference between culture-independent and culture enrichment methods, screened strains of interest that produced high concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and we investigated the catalog of virulence factors, antibiotic resistance, butyrate and lactate synthesis genes of the strains at a genomic level. This study will provide guidance for microbiota cultivation and a foundation for future research aiming to understand the functions of specific strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Monitoring Biological Diversity in Minshan Mountain of National Park of Giant Pandas at Mianyang Teachers' College of Sichuan Province, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Lijun Zheng
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junjin Xie
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Su
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingchun Zhang
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - He Huang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | | | - Shizhang Du
- Key Laboratory of Monitoring Biological Diversity in Minshan Mountain of National Park of Giant Pandas at Mianyang Teachers' College of Sichuan Province, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiqin Xie
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qinrong Zhang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuran Yu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hairui Wang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kong Yang
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rong Hou
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Shu G, Gan T, Lin Z, Liu Y, Chen J, Wang C, Deng L, Li C, Chang LJ, Zhang W, Li H, Xu F, Fu H, Lin J. The resistance patterns and molecular characteristics of ESBL/AmpC-producing Escherichia coli from captive panda ecosystem in China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 278:116395. [PMID: 38728939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) plays an important ecological role, and is a useful bioindicator to recognize the evolution of resistance in human, animal and environment. Recently, extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) producing E.coli has posed a threat to public health. Generally, captive healthy giant pandas are not exposed to antibiotics; however, they still acquire antimicrobial resistant bacteria. In order to understand whether there is an exchange of resistance genes within the ecosystems of captive giant pandas, this study explored resistance characteristics of 330 commensal E. coli isolates from feces of giant pandas, the surroundings, and breeders. Isolates from different sources showed similar resistance phenotype, and ESBL/AmpC-producing isolates showed more profound resistance to antibiotics than non-ESBL/AmpC-producing isolates (P<0.05). Furthermore, the occurrence of broad-spectrum β-lactamase related resistance genes and colistin resistance genes was detected, and isolates phylogenetic typing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were applied in this study. Seven different β-lactamase resistance genes (blaCTX-M-55, blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-27, blaCTX-M-65, blaTEM-1, blaOXA-1 and blaCMY) and mcr-1 were found in 68 ESBL/AmpC-producing isolates. blaCTX-M-55 (48.53 %) was found the most predominant resistance genes, followed by blaTEM-1 (19.12 %) and blaCTX-M-27 (16.18 %). Nonetheless, blaCTX-M-55 was commonly detected in the isolates from giant pandas (63.16 %), the surroundings (43.48 %), and breeders (33.33 %). However, there were no carbapenemase genes detected in this study. mcr-1 was harbored in only one isolate from giant panda. Forty-five tansconjugants were successfully obtained in the conjugation experiments. The presence of antimicrobial resistance and related resistance genes tested were observed in the transconjugants. The results indicated that 52.63 % of the isolates from giant panda 73.91 % of the isolates from surroundings, and 100 % of the isolates from breeders were phylogroup A. Total of 27 sequence types (ST) were recognized from the isolate by MLST and found that ST48 (19/68; 27.94 %) was the predominant ST type, especially in the isolates from giant pandas and the surroundings. In conclusion, commensal ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli becomes a reservoir of ESBL resistance genes, which is a potential threaten to health of giant pandas. The interaction between giant pandas, surroundings and breeders contribute to development of resistant phenotypes and genotypes which might transfer across species or the surroundings easily; hence, strict monitoring based on a "One Health" approach is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Shu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Ting Gan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Ziqin Lin
- The Chinese university of Hongkong (Shenzhen), Faculty of Medicine, Shenzhen 518172, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Jingyi Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Chengdong Wang
- China Conservation and Research Centre for the Giant Panda, Key Laboratory of SFGA on The Giant Panda, Chengdu, Sichuan 610081, PR China
| | - Linhua Deng
- China Conservation and Research Centre for the Giant Panda, Key Laboratory of SFGA on The Giant Panda, Chengdu, Sichuan 610081, PR China
| | - Caiwu Li
- China Conservation and Research Centre for the Giant Panda, Key Laboratory of SFGA on The Giant Panda, Chengdu, Sichuan 610081, PR China
| | - Li-Jen Chang
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, WA 20541, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Haohuan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Funeng Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Hualing Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Juchun Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
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4
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Li M, Lv R, Li X, Song C, Xingxin L, Zhang H. Antimicrobial resistance, serogroups, virulence gene profiles and MLST of Escherichia coli from giant panda. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1236227. [PMID: 38260882 PMCID: PMC10800832 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1236227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a major bacterial pathogen which causes diarrhea in the giant panda. This study investigated the biological characteristics of 100 E. coli strains isolated from fecal samples collected from 100 captive giant pandas of different age groups and sexes. A standard Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed with the isolates and we then further evaluated the antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) by high-throughput quantitative PCR. Additionally, we then analyzed O serogroups through a slide agglutination test, virulence genes and the multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) by PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing demonstrated that the 100 E. coli strains were mainly resistant to ENR (68%), AM (56%), IPM (55%), AMX (54%) and CA (52%), but were susceptible to MEM and FOX. The resistance to TZP, AK, FEP, CAZ, AMS, AZM, AT and IPM was significantly related to age (p < 0.05); the resistance rate of E. coli isolated from female giant pandas to N was significantly higher than in males (p < 0.05). Forty-five different types of ARGs were found, which included a total of 2,258 ARGs, in the 100 E. coli isolates. The top 10 of detection rate of ARGs were: acrA-04, acrA-05, aacC, blaCTX-M-04, ampC-04, blaSHV-01, blaTEM, sul2, blaOXY, tetA-02. ARGs aac (6')I1, blaCTX-M-03, tetD-02, blaSHV-02 and blaOXY were significantly related to age (p < 0.05), blaSHV-02, blaNDM and ampC-04 were related to sex (p < 0.05). Twelve different O serogroups from 32 E. coli isolates were distinguished, including O4, O8, O9, O15, O18, O20, O55, O88, O112, O157, O158, and O167. The most prevalent O serotype was O20, but O28, O45, O101, O149, and O152 were not detected. Fourteen different types of virulence genes were detected in the 100 E. coli isolates, of which papA (99%) were highly detected, while hlyA, elt and estA were not detected. MLST showed that 41 STs, which had one CCs and six groups with SLVs, in the 100 E. coli strains were identified, the main type was ST37. Our results advocate the need of strict biosecurity and surveillance programs in order to prevent the spread of pathogenic bacteria in the captive giant panda population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxi Li
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruiqing Lv
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Song
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Xingxin
- Emeishan Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Leshan, China
| | - Huanrong Zhang
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
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Fan S, Jiang S, Luo L, Zhou Z, Wang L, Huang X, Liu H, Zhang S, Luo Y, Ren Z, Ma X, Cao S, Shen L, Wang Y, Gou L, Geng Y, Peng G, Zhu Y, Li W, Zhong Y, Shi X, Zhu Z, Shi K, Zhong Z. Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Captive Giant Pandas: A Reservoir of Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Virulence-Associated Genes. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9120705. [PMID: 36548866 PMCID: PMC9786197 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9120705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies showed that Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains isolated from captive giant pandas have serious resistance to antibiotics and carry various antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). ARGs or virulence-associated genes (VAGs) carried by antibiotic-resistant E. coli are considered as a potential health threat to giant pandas, humans, other animals and the environment. In this study, we screened ARGs and VAGs in 84 antibiotic-resistant E. coli strains isolated from clinically healthy captive giant pandas, identified the association between ARGs and VAGs and analyzed the phylogenetic clustering of E. coli isolates. Our results showed that the most prevalent ARG in E. coli strains isolated from giant pandas is blaTEM (100.00%, 84/84), while the most prevalent VAG is fimC (91.67%, 77/84). There was a significant positive association among 30 pairs of ARGs, of which the strongest was observed for sul1/tetC (OR, 133.33). A significant positive association was demonstrated among 14 pairs of VAGs, and the strongest was observed for fyuA/iroN (OR, 294.40). A positive association was also observed among 45 pairs of ARGs and VAGs, of which the strongest was sul1/eaeA (OR, 23.06). The association of ARGs and mobile gene elements (MGEs) was further analyzed, and the strongest was found for flor and intI1 (OR, 79.86). The result of phylogenetic clustering showed that the most prevalent group was group B2 (67.86%, 57/84), followed by group A (16.67%, 14/84), group D (9.52%, 8/84) and group B1 (5.95%, 5/84). This study implied that antibiotic-resistant E. coli isolated from captive giant pandas is a reservoir of ARGs and VAGs, and significant associations exist among ARGs, VAGs and MGEs. Monitoring ARGs, VAGs and MGEs carried by E. coli from giant pandas is beneficial for controlling the development of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siping Fan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shaoqi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Leshan Vocational and Technical College, Leshan 614000, China
| | - Lijun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ziyao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Liqin Wang
- The Chengdu Zoo, Institute of Wild Animals, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Xiangming Huang
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhihua Ren
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoping Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Suizhong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Liuhong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Liping Gou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yi Geng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Guangneng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yanqiu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yalin Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xianpeng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ziqi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Keyun Shi
- Jiangsu Yixing People’s Hospital, Yixing 214200, China
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhijun Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (Z.Z.)
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Ji X, Liu J, Liang B, Sun S, Zhu L, Zhou W, Guo X, Sun Y. Molecular Characteristics of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Diseased Captive Giant Pandas ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca) in China. Microb Drug Resist 2022; 28:750-757. [PMID: 35639420 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2021.0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To characterize the antimicrobial resistance and virulence of pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from diseased captive giant pandas. Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were determined by the broth dilution method. Whole-genome sequencing was used to characterize the phylogeny, serotype, virulence, resistome, plasmids, and genetic structures of the cefotaxime (CTX)-M genes. Results: Four extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli strains were identified and the MICs against 11 antibiotics in vitro were determined. All ESBL-producing E. coli strains were resistant to more than eight antibiotics and carried the blaCTX-M-55 or blaCTX-M-105 gene in different sizes of replicon-type plasmids (pAMSH1-IncHI2, 257 kb; pAMPD2-IncFII, 89 kb; pAMPD02-IncFIB, 129 kb; and pAMSC4-IncN, 47 kb). Distinct insertional sequences and transposases were identified up-/downstream of blaCTX-Ms, including IS26, ISEcp1, ISKpn72, IS903B, and Tn2. These strains also possessed at least three virulence genes of pathogenic E. coli and originated in four different evolutionary branches. One strain carried the complete locus of the enterocyte effacement pathogenicity island, but lacked the virulence genes stx and bfpA, indicating atypical enteropathogenic E. coli, whereas the other strains were considered to be extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli. Conclusions: The emergence of ESBL-producing pathogenic E. coli strains from diseased captive giant pandas warrants greater attention. The findings of this study will help to prevent the spread of these strains among captive giant pandas as well as from wild animals to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Ji
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, China
| | - Bing Liang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, China
| | - Shiwen Sun
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, China
| | - Lingwei Zhu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Animal Disease Control Center of Erdos, Erdos, China
| | - Xuejun Guo
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, China
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7
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Surveillance Study of Klebsiella pneumoniae in the Giant Panda Revealed High Genetic Diversity and Antibiotic Therapy Challenge. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11040473. [PMID: 35453225 PMCID: PMC9030629 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11040473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is not only a worldwide human pathogen, it also effects wildlife, such as the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), in which it has recently been evidenced to result in diarrhea, organ failure, and even death. A K. pneumoniae investigation was carried out at the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding in 2018. As part of the investigation, the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing, multilocus-sequence typing (MLST), antibiotic resistance profiles (ARPs), and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were studied based on all isolates. Fecal samples were collected from 72 A. melanoleuca from May to December 2018, and a total of 90 K. pneumoniae were isolated from 153 fecal samples. The genotyping results showed that the isolates had high diversity, of which 84 clusters were obtained by PFGE and 57 STs by MLST. The overall trend of the similarity of isolates was the first sample period > second sample period > third sample period, which showed the increasement of genome variability of K. pneumoniae. In addition, 90 isolates showed high resistance to ampicillin, rifampicin, and compound sulfamethoxazole. Of the obtained isolates, 50% carried 6~8 ARPs, and the carrying volume increased during three sample periods, in which we found two isolates carrying 12 and 13 ARPs during the third sample period, respectively. Moreover, a total of 65 ARGs were detected (90.28%, 65/72) in 90 K. pneumoniae samples. Almost all bacteria sampled contained 17 ARGs that belonged to the β-lactamase, Multidrug, MGEs, Aminoglycoside, and Tetracycline, which may be the basis of ARPs of K. pneumoniae. Moreover, the types of Multidrug and MGEs had a greater impact on antibiotic susceptivity of K. pneumoniae. Our results showed that K. pneumoniae has a serious risk of transmission in A. melanoleuca and K. pneumoniae had a high possibility of genome diversity and the risk of drugs tolerance under the large antibiotic usage.
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Wang J, Pu Y, Zeng Y, Chen Y, Zhao W, Niu L, Chen B, Yang Z, Wu L, Pan K, Jing B, Zeng D, Ni X. Multi-functional Potential of Five Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains Derived from Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2022; 15:668-681. [PMID: 35000110 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09881-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The multi-functional properties of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on host health have been a popular research topic. The aim of present study was to assess the multi-functional potential of five LAB strains isolated from giant panda. In this study, we analyzed five giant panda LAB strains (Weissella confuse WJ202003 (W3), WJ202009 (W9), WJ202021 (W21), BSP201703 (X3); Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BSGP201683 (G83)) and found that they exhibited rapid growth as well as strong acid production capacity. The five LAB strains possessed high cell surface hydrophobicity to the four tested solvents (xylene, hexadecane, chloroform, ethyl acetate; except strain W9), auto-aggregation ability, co-aggregation ability with three pathogens (Escherichia coli, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella), adhesion ability to Caco-2 cell line, and strongly biofilm formation ability, suggesting an adhesion property. As investigated for their antioxidative potential, all the strains showed good tolerance to H2O2, high scavenging ability against 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and hydroxyl (OH-), and reduction ability. Furthermore, the five LAB strains could produce multiple probiotic substances, including exopolysaccharide (EPS), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), bile salt hydrolase (BSH), cellulase (only strain G83), and protease (except strain X3), which was the first to report the production of EPS, GABA, BSH, cellulase, and protease in giant panda-derived LAB strain. These results demonstrated that strains W3, W9, W21, X3, and G83 had multi-functional potential and could be utilized as potential probiotics for giant panda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Pu
- Chengdu Wildlife Institute, Chengdu Zoo, Chengdu, 610081, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yingyi Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lili Niu
- Chengdu Wildlife Institute, Chengdu Zoo, Chengdu, 610081, Sichuan, China
| | - Benhao Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Zihan Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Liqian Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Kangcheng Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Jing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Dong Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xueqin Ni
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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Zhao S, Li C, Zhu T, Jin L, Deng W, Zhao K, He Y, Li G, Xiong Y, Li T, Li B, Huang Y, Zhang H, Zou L. Diversity and Composition of Gut Bacterial Community in Giant Panda with Anorexia. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:1358-1366. [PMID: 33646379 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02424-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The giant panda (GP) is the most precious animal in China. Gastrointestinal tract disease, especially associated with dysbiosis of gut microbiota, is the leading cause of death in GPs. Here, we performed 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing to investigate the gut microbiota of GPs having symptoms of anorexia. Results showed that gut microbiota of GP with anorexia had lower richness (Chao1 index) than the healthy GP. However, no significant differences in alpha diversity were observed. There is a significance in the microbial structure between anorexia and healthy GPs. The abundance of phylum Firmicutes (99.23% ± 7.1%), unidentified genus Clostridiales (24.75% ± 2.5%), was significantly higher in the subadult anorexia group (P < 0.01), and that of the unidentified genus Clostridiales (4.53% ± 1.2%) was also significantly higher in the adult anorexia group (P < 0.01). Weissella and Streptococcus were found to be decreased in both anorexia groups. The decreased abundance of Weissella (0.02% ± 0.0%, 0.08% ± 0.0%) and Streptococcus (73.89% ± 4.3%, 91.15% ± 7.6%) and increase in Clostridium may cause symptoms of anorexia in giant pandas. The correlation analysis indicated that there is a symbiotic relationship among Streptococcus, Leuconostoc, Weissella, and Bacillus which are classified as probiotics (r > 0.6, P < 0.05). Importantly, a negative correlation has been found between Streptococcus and unidentified_Clostridium in two groups (r > 0.6, P < 0.05). Our results suggested that Streptococcus might be used as probiotics to control the growth of Clostridium causing the anorexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyue Zhao
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Caiwu Li
- Key Laboratory of SFGA on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park, China Conservation and Research Center for Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, Sichuan, China
- Qionglai Mountains Conservation Biology of Endangered Wild Animals and Plants National Permanent Scientific Research Base, Dujiangyan, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of SFGA on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park, China Conservation and Research Center for Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, Sichuan, China
- Qionglai Mountains Conservation Biology of Endangered Wild Animals and Plants National Permanent Scientific Research Base, Dujiangyan, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Jin
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenwen Deng
- Key Laboratory of SFGA on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park, China Conservation and Research Center for Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, Sichuan, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongguo He
- Key Laboratory of SFGA on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park, China Conservation and Research Center for Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, Sichuan, China
- Qionglai Mountains Conservation Biology of Endangered Wild Animals and Plants National Permanent Scientific Research Base, Dujiangyan, Sichuan, China
| | - Guo Li
- Key Laboratory of SFGA on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park, China Conservation and Research Center for Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, Sichuan, China
| | - Yaowu Xiong
- Key Laboratory of SFGA on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park, China Conservation and Research Center for Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, Sichuan, China
- Qionglai Mountains Conservation Biology of Endangered Wild Animals and Plants National Permanent Scientific Research Base, Dujiangyan, Sichuan, China
| | - Ti Li
- Key Laboratory of SFGA on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park, China Conservation and Research Center for Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, Sichuan, China
- Qionglai Mountains Conservation Biology of Endangered Wild Animals and Plants National Permanent Scientific Research Base, Dujiangyan, Sichuan, China
| | - Bei Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of SFGA on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park, China Conservation and Research Center for Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, Sichuan, China
- Qionglai Mountains Conservation Biology of Endangered Wild Animals and Plants National Permanent Scientific Research Base, Dujiangyan, Sichuan, China
| | - Hemin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of SFGA on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park, China Conservation and Research Center for Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, Sichuan, China
- Qionglai Mountains Conservation Biology of Endangered Wild Animals and Plants National Permanent Scientific Research Base, Dujiangyan, Sichuan, China
| | - Likou Zou
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Zhu Z, Pan S, Wei B, Liu H, Zhou Z, Huang X, Luo Y, Zhou L, Zhang S, Ma X, Cao S, Shen L, Wang Y, Fu H, Geng Y, He C, Xie Y, Peng G, Zhong Z. High prevalence of multi-drug resistances and diversity of mobile genetic elements in Escherichia coli isolates from captive giant pandas. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 198:110681. [PMID: 32361498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to characterize the antimicrobial resistance produced by mobile genetic elements and integron gene cassettes in Escherichia coli isolated from the feces of captive giant pandas. We performed a standard disk diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility test with 84 E. coli isolates and further evaluated the mobile genetic elements and integron gene cassettes. The antimicrobial susceptibility test demonstrated that 43.37% (36/84) of the isolates showed multiple drug resistances. The E. coli isolates mainly showed resistance to aztreonam (86.90%, 73/84) and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (80.95%, 68/84). The most frequently observed resistance patterns were ampicillin/amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (13.10%, n = 11), and doxycycline/amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (4.76%, n = 4). Further analyses detected 11 mobile genetic elements, of which merA (54/84, 64.30%) had the highest frequency. All isolates were negative for intI3, traA, tnpU, traF, tnp513, tnsA, ISkpn7, ISpa7, ISkpn6, and ISCR1. We further analyzed antimicrobial resistance-related integrons among 30 E. coli isolates (the 27 intI1-positive isolates and the 3 intI2-positive isolates); six gene cassette profiles (dfrA17+aadA5, aadA2, dfrA12+aadA2, dfrA1+aadA1, dfrA1, and aadA1) were identified in the 27 intI1-positive isolates, but not in the three intI2-positive ones. Our study sheds light on the prevalence of multiple drug resistances and the diversity of mobile genetic elements in E. coli isolates, and highlights the necessity to monitor antibiotic resistance in more E. coli strains from captive giant pandas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shulei Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Bin Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ziyao Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiangming Huang
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu, 610081, China
| | - Yan Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Sichuan Institute of Musk Deer Breeding, Dujiangyan, 611845, China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaoping Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Suizhong Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Liuhong Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ya Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hualin Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yi Geng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Changliang He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yue Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Guangneng Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhijun Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Gonzalez Moreno C, Torres Luque A, Oliszewski R, Rosa RJ, Otero MC. Characterization of native Escherichia coli populations from bovine vagina of healthy heifers and cows with postpartum uterine disease. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228294. [PMID: 32479536 PMCID: PMC7263596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though Escherichia coli are common bacteria of the bovine vaginal microbiota, they represent an important pathogen that causes diseases in the reproductive tract and subfertility. However, the actual endometrial virulence profile of E. coli is poorly understood. The present study aims to characterize the phylogenetic structure and virulence potential of native vaginal populations of E. coli from healthy heifers (H), and cows with postpartum uterine diseases (PUD), such as metritis/endometritis (MT) or repeat breeder cows (RB). To this end, the virulence repertoire of 97 E. coli isolates was genotypically and phenotypically assessed. Most of them were assigned to phylogenetic group A (74%), followed by B1 (17%) and D (9%); RB strains were significantly (p < 0.05) more represented by B1. Seven of the 15 evaluated virulence genes (VFG) were detected and the most prevalent were fimH (87%), agn43 (41%) and csgA (35%); while traT (27%), fyuA (11%), hlyA (5%) and kpsMT II (5%) were observed in a lower proportion. Particularly, fyuA was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in MT cows whereas csgA showed the same behavior in PUD animals (p < 0.05). When comparing H and PUD strains, these last ones were associated to positive expression of biofilm, fimbriae curli/cellulose and motility; yet RB strains did not show motility. Vaginal B1 E. coli populations, that possess VFG (fyuA and csgA) as well as the expression of motility, curli fimbriae/cellulose and biofilm, may represent risk factors for endometrial disorders; specifically, those that also, have kpsMT II may have a pathogenic potential for causing the RB syndrome. Future research focusing on the detection of these strains in the vaginal microbiota of cows with postpartum uterine diseases should be done since the control of their presence in vagina could reduce the risk that they access the uterus during the postpartum period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candelaria Gonzalez Moreno
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, El Manantial, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Andrea Torres Luque
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Rubén Oliszewski
- Laboratorio de Calidad de Lácteos (LaCaLac), Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), El Manantial, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Ramiro J. Rosa
- Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, El Manantial, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María C. Otero
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Du L, Liu Q, Shen F, Fan Z, Hou R, Yue B, Zhang X. Transcriptome analysis reveals immune-related gene expression changes with age in giant panda ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca) blood. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:249-262. [PMID: 30641486 PMCID: PMC6339791 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), an endangered species endemic to western China, has long been threatened with extinction that is exacerbated by highly contagious and fatal diseases. Aging is the most well-defined risk factor for diseases and is associated with a decline in immune function leading to increased susceptibility to infection and reduced response to vaccination. Therefore, this study aimed to determine which genes and pathways show differential expression with age in blood tissues. We obtained 210 differentially expressed genes by RNA-seq, including 146 up-regulated and 64 down-regulated genes in old pandas (18-21yrs) compared to young pandas (2-6yrs). We identified ISG15, STAT1, IRF7 and DDX58 as the hub genes in the protein-protein interaction network. All of these genes were up-regulated with age and played important roles in response to pathogen invasion. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that up-regulated genes were mainly involved in innate immune response, while the down-regulated genes were mainly related to B cell activation. These may suggest that the innate immunity is relatively well preserved to compensate for the decline in the adaptive immune function. In conclusion, our findings will provide a foundation for future studies on the molecular mechanisms underlying immune changes associated with ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianming Du
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.,Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.,College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Fujun Shen
- The Sichuan Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology of Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Zhenxin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Rong Hou
- The Sichuan Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology of Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Bisong Yue
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiuyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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Detection of Colony Adhesion Factors and Genetic Background of Adhesion Genes Among Multidrug-Resistant Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolated in Iraq. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.12.4.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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14
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Vysakh A, Midhun SJ, Jayesh K, Jyothis M, Latha M. Studies on biofilm formation and virulence factors associated with uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from patient with acute pyelonephritis. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2018; 25:381-387. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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15
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SEROTYPE AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE OFESCHERICHIA COLIISOLATED FROM FECES OF WILD GIANT PANDAS (AILUROPODA MELANOLEUCA) IN SICHUAN PROVINCE, CHINA. J Wildl Dis 2018; 54:691-699. [DOI: 10.7589/2017-07-165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Zou W, Li C, Yang X, Wang Y, Cheng G, Zeng J, Zhang X, Chen Y, Cai R, Huang Q, Feng L, Wang H, Li D, Zhang G, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Zhang H. Frequency of antimicrobial resistance and integron gene cassettes in Escherichia coli isolated from giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) in China. Microb Pathog 2018; 116:173-179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Wang T, Xie Y, Zheng Y, Wang C, Li D, Koehler AV, Gasser RB. Parasites of the Giant Panda: A Risk Factor in the Conservation of a Species. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2018. [PMID: 29530307 PMCID: PMC7103118 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The giant panda, with an estimated population size of 2239 in the world (in 2015), is a global symbol of wildlife conservation that is threatened by habitat loss, poor reproduction and limited resistance to some infectious diseases. Of these factors, some diseases caused by parasites are considered as the foremost threat to its conservation. However, there is surprisingly little published information on the parasites of the giant panda, most of which has been disseminated in the Chinese literature. Herein, we review all peer-reviewed publications (in English or Chinese language) and governmental documents for information on parasites of the giant pandas, with an emphasis on the intestinal nematode Baylisascaris schroederi (McIntosh, 1939) as it dominates published literature. The purpose of this chapter is to: (i) review the parasites recorded in the giant panda and describe what is known about their biology; (ii) discuss key aspects of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and control of key parasites that are reported to cause clinical problems and (iii) conclude by making some suggestions for future research. This chapter shows that we are only just 'scratching the surface' when it comes to parasites and parasitological research of the giant panda. Clearly, there needs to be a concerted research effort to support the conservation of this iconic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Yue Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Youle Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chengdong Wang
- China Conservation and Research Centre for the Giant Panda, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Desheng Li
- China Conservation and Research Centre for the Giant Panda, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Anson V Koehler
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Robin B Gasser
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli in the reproductive tract microbiota of cows and sows. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 55:13-19. [PMID: 29127989 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a natural colonizer of the urogenital mucosa of healthy females; however it is one of the pathogens associated to reproductive failures in cows and sows. A better knowledge about the characteristics of native E. coli will allow us to differentiate them from pathogenic strains. Ninety autochthonous isolates from the reproductive tract of sows and cows were characterized to determine the phylogenetic profile, antibiotic resistance and virulence factors; also, comparisons between different breeding systems were performed. Vaginal colonization of E. coli was statistically higher in cows (57.5%) than sows (23.8%), and most isolates belonged to the phylogenetic group A: 79.69 and 80.77%, respectively; moreover phylo-groups B1 (12.5 and 11.54%) and D (7.81 and 7.69%) were significantly lower; however, none was classified as B2. Positive associations between virulence factors and group D were found. Isolates with antimicrobial susceptibility were associated with group A and the MDR (Multiple Drug Resistance) was related to the porcine source. These results contribute to the knowledge of extra-intestinal E. coli populations; which could affect the reproductive performance of females.
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Rahdar M, Rashki A, Miri HR, Rashki Ghalehnoo M. Detection of pap, sfa, afa, foc, and fim Adhesin-Encoding Operons in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolates Collected From Patients With Urinary Tract Infection. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015; 8:e22647. [PMID: 26464770 PMCID: PMC4600570 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.22647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) with its virulence factors is the most prevalent cause of urinary tract infection (UTI). Objectives; This study aimed to determine the occurrence of fim, pap, sfa, and afa genes among 100 UPEC isolates collected from patients diagnosed with UTI. Materials and Methods A total of 100 UPEC isolates were obtained from urine samples of patients with UTI. The prevalence of 5 virulence genes encoding type 1 fimbriae (fimH), pili associated with pyelonephritis (pap), S and F1C fimbriae (sfa and foc) and afimbrial adhesins (afa) were determined through PCR method. We also investigated the phylogenetic background of all isolates. In addition, the distribution of adhesin-encoding operons between the phylogroups was assessed. Results: The prevalence of genes encoding for fimbrial adhesive systems was 95% for fim, 57% for pap, 16% for foc, and 81% for sfa. The operons encoding for afa afimbrial adhesins were identified in 12% of isolates. The various combinations of detected genes were designated as virulence patterns. The fim gene, which occurred in strains from all phylogenetic groups (A, B1, B2, and D) was evaluated and no significant differences were found among these groups. Conversely, significant differences were observed in relation to pap, afa, foc, and sfa operons. Conclusions: These results indicate that the PCR method is a powerful genotypic assay for the detection of adhesin-encoding operons. Thus, this assay can be recommended for clinical use to detect virulent urinary E. coli strains, as well as epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Rahdar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, IR Iran
| | - Ahmad Rashki
- Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Vet-Medicine, University of Zabol, Zabol, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Ahmad Rashki, Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Vet-Medicine, University of Zabol, Zabol, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9151970877, Fax: +98-5424822251, E-mail:
| | - Hamid Reza Miri
- Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, IR Iran
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Abdi HA, Rashki Ghalehnoo M. Virulence Genes, Genetic Diversity, Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Phylogenetic Background of Escherichia coli Isolates. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENTERIC PATHOGENS 2015. [DOI: 10.17795/ijep.25692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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The bamboo-eating giant panda harbors a carnivore-like gut microbiota, with excessive seasonal variations. mBio 2015; 6:e00022-15. [PMID: 25991678 PMCID: PMC4442137 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00022-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The giant panda evolved from omnivorous bears. It lives on a bamboo-dominated diet at present, but it still retains a typical carnivorous digestive system and is genetically deficient in cellulose-digesting enzymes. To find out whether this endangered mammalian species, like other herbivores, has successfully developed a gut microbiota adapted to its fiber-rich diet, we conducted a 16S rRNA gene-based large-scale structural profiling of the giant panda fecal microbiota. Forty-five captive individuals were sampled in spring, summer, and late autumn within 1 year. Significant intraindividual variations in the diversity and structure of gut microbiota across seasons were observed in this population, which were even greater than the variations between individuals. Compared with published data sets involving 124 gut microbiota profiles from 54 mammalian species, these giant pandas, together with 9 captive and 7 wild individuals investigated previously, showed extremely low gut microbiota diversity and an overall structure that diverged from those of nonpanda herbivores but converged with those of carnivorous and omnivorous bears. The giant panda did not harbor putative cellulose-degrading phylotypes such as Ruminococcaceae and Bacteroides bacteria that are typically enriched in other herbivores, but instead, its microbiota was dominated by Escherichia/Shigella and Streptococcus bacteria. Members of the class Clostridia were common and abundant in the giant panda gut microbiota, but most of the members present were absent in other herbivores and were not phylogenetically related with known cellulolytic lineages. Therefore, the giant panda appears not to have evolved a gut microbiota compatible with its newly adopted diet, which may adversely influence the coevolutionary fitness of this herbivore. The giant panda, an endangered mammalian species endemic to western China, is well known for its unique bamboo diet. Unlike other herbivores that have successfully evolved anatomically specialized digestive systems to efficiently deconstruct fibrous plant matter, the giant panda still retains a gastrointestinal tract typical of carnivores. We characterized the fecal bacterial communities from a giant panda population to determine whether this animal relies on its symbiotic gut microbiota to cope with the complex carbohydrates that dominate its diet, as is common in other herbivores. We found that the giant panda gut microbiota is low in diversity and highly variable across seasons. It also shows an overall composition typical of bears and entirely differentiated from other herbivores, with low levels of putative cellulose-digesting bacteria. The gut microbiota of this herbivore, therefore, may not have well adapted to its highly fibrous diet, suggesting a potential link with its poor digestive efficiency.
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Liu H, Liu X, Li Y, Hao C. Effect of six fluoroquinolones on the expression of four efflux pumps in the multidrug resistant Escherichia coli isolates. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 31:1041-8. [PMID: 25854862 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-015-1854-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a total of 78 Escherichia coli clinical isolates were isolated from canines diagnosed with urinary tract infections. 23/78 isolates (29.5 %) showed multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype, including the isolates both susceptible to fluoroquinolones (FQs) (FQ(S)-MDR, n = 12) and resistant to FQs (FQ(R)-MDR, n = 11). For these MDR isolates, mutations within quinolone-resistance determining region of gyrA and parC were determined by PCR amplification and DNA sequencing. The relative quantification of emrE, acrB, macB, and mdfA genes expression in MDR isolates was determined by quantitative real-time PCR before and after exposure to the FQs (10 µg/ml). The results showed that a temporary exposure to FQs could lead to various degrees of up or down-regulation on the expression of four efflux pumps in MDR isolates depending on the resistant phenotype and the activities of the FQs. Generally, the FQ(R)-MDR isolates showed more obvious changes in average expression levels of these transporters versus the FQ(S)-MDR isolates, with a largest increase in emrE, and followed by acrB, while the expression of macB and mdfA did not change as radically. Meanwhile, there is a reverse relationship between the expression changes and the activities of the FQs tested. The expression was higher in the isolates exposed to enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and orbifloxacin, and followed by the marbofloxacin, gatifloxacin, and pradofloxacin, and the average expression levels of some efflux pumps even decreased as the isolates were exposed to gatifloxacin or pradofloxacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Cervico-vaginopathogenic Escherichia coli in Iran: Serogroup distributions, virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance properties. Microb Pathog 2014; 75:29-34. [PMID: 25193497 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Revised: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) play an important role in urogenital infection in pregnant and non-pregnant women. They are classified based on various types of O antigen, virulence properties, phylogenetic background and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. E. coli strains that cause genitourinary infections possess several genes encoding urogenito-virulent factors. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of eight known urovirulence factors and its association with serotypes, phylogenetic background and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. One hundred thirty two cervico-vaginal E. coli (CVEC) isolates from pregnant and non-pregnant women (18-55 years old) were surveyed for adhesins (fimH, iha), haemolysins (hlyA), outer membrane protease (ompT) and siderophore receptors (irp2, iroN and iucD), cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (cnf1), and 12 selected O serotypes by multiplex-PCR. E. coli isolates were classified into intraspecies phylogenetic groups by PCR amplifications of phylogenetic markers. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by Kirby-Bauer's disc diffusion method. The most frequently found virulence factor-encoding gene, in descending order were: fimH (71%), irp2 (63%), followed by ompT (45%), iucD (37%), and iroN (31%) genes. The most prevalent serogroups for all E. coli isolates were O25, O15 and O6. There was an acceptable correlation between serotype and genotype in CVEC. The most isolated strains belonged to the phylogenetic group B2, harboring all tested virulence genes. Resistance to ampicillin was most frequently observed, followed by resistance to amikacin and cefazolin. The results suggest that E. coli isolates from different infection origins may have different characteristics. A better understanding of these differences may lead to further development of evidence-based clinical guidelines for the management of cervico-vaginal infection.
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