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A Comparative Genomic and Safety Assessment of Six Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. argentoratensis Strains Isolated from Spontaneously Fermented Greek Wheat Sourdoughs for Potential Biotechnological Application. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052487. [PMID: 35269627 PMCID: PMC8910486 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The comparative genome analysis of six Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. argentoratensis strains previously isolated from spontaneously fermented Greek wheat sourdoughs is presented. Genomic attributes related to food safety have been studied according to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) suggestions for the use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the production of foods. Bioinformatic analysis revealed a complete set of genes for maltose, sucrose, glucose, and fructose fermentation; conversion of fructose to mannitol; folate and riboflavin biosynthesis; acetoin production; conversion of citrate to oxaloacetate; and the ability to produce antimicrobial compounds (plantaricins). Pathogenic factors were absent but some antibiotic resistance genes were detected. CRISPR and cas genes were present as well as various mobile genetic elements (MGEs) such as plasmids, prophages, and insertion sequences. The production of biogenic amines by these strains was not possible due to the absence of key genes in their genome except lysine decarboxylase associated with cadaverine; however, potential degradation of these substances was identified due to the presence of a blue copper oxidase precursor and a multicopper oxidase protein family. Finally, comparative genomics and pan-genome analysis showed genetic differences between the strains (e.g., variable pln locus), and it facilitated the identification of various phenotypic and probiotic-related properties.
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The Effect of Incubation Temperature, Substrate and Initial pH Value on Plantaricin Activity and the Relative Transcription of pln Genes of Six Sourdough Derived Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Strains. FERMENTATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7040320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of sourdough related parameters on the growth and plantaricin activity of six Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains against a mixture of 5 Listeria monocytogenes strains and to analyze the transcriptomic response of their pln genes. Parameters included 3 substrates (MRS broth, mMRS broth, WFE), 3 temperatures (20, 30, 37 °C), 2 initial pH values (5.0, 6.0), 2 NaCl concentrations (0.0, 1.8%) and 12 time points (ranging from 0 to 33 h). The transcriptomic response of the plantaricin genes to the aforementioned parameters was assessed after 21 h of growth. In general, plantaricin activity was strain dependent with that of Lp. plantarum strains LQC 2422, 2441, 2485 and 2516, harboring four pln genes, namely, pln423 (plαA), plαΒ, plαC and plαD, reaching 2560 AU/mL. However, strains LQC 2320 and 2520, in which 18 pln genes were detected, namely, plNC8a, plNC8b, plNC8c, plnL, plnR, plnJ, plnK, plnE, plnF, plnH, plnS, plnY, plNC8-IF, plNC8-HK, plnD, plnI, plnM and plnG, exhibited plantaricin activity barely reaching 160 AU/mL. Substrate, temperature, initial pH value and strains significantly affected plantaricin activity, while NaCl had only a marginal effect. Similarly, growth substrate and temperature had a more pronounced effect than initial pH value on gene transcription. A strong correlation between the transcription of the genes belonging to the same locus was observed; however, only a weak correlation, if any, was observed between plantaricin activity and the transcription of the genes assessed.
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Manganese Privation-Induced Transcriptional Upregulation of the Class IIa Bacteriocin Plantaricin 423 in Lactobacillus plantarum Strain 423. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0097621. [PMID: 34406833 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00976-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plantaricin 423 is produced by Lactobacillus plantarum 423 using the pla biosynthetic operon located on the 8,188-bp plasmid pPLA4. As with many class IIa bacteriocin operons, the pla operon carries biosynthetic genes (plaA, precursor peptide; plaB, immunity; plaC, accessory; and plaD, ABC transporter) but does not carry local regulatory genes. Little is known about the regulatory mechanisms involved in the expression of the apparently regulationless class IIa bacteriocins, such as plantaricin 423. In this study, phylogenetic analysis of class IIa immunity proteins indicated that at least three distinct clades exist, which were then used to subgroup the class IIa operons. It became evident that the absence of classical quorum-sensing genes on mobile bacteriocin-encoding elements is a predisposition of the subgroup that includes plantaricin 423, pediocin AcH/PA-1, divercin V41, enterocin A, leucocin-A and -B, mesentericin Y105, and sakacin G. Further analysis of the subgroup suggested that the regulation of these class IIa operons is linked to transition metal homeostasis in the host. By using a fluorescent promoter-reporter system in Lactobacillus plantarum 423, transcriptional regulation of plantaricin 423 was shown to be upregulated in response to manganese privation. IMPORTANCE Lactic acid bacteria hold huge industrial application and economic value, especially bacteriocinogenic strains, which further aids in the exclusion of specific foodborne pathogens. Since bacteriocinogenic strains are sought after, it is equally important to understand the mechanism of bacteriocin regulation. This is currently an understudied aspect of class IIa operons. Our research suggests the existence of a previously undescribed mode of class IIa bacteriocin regulation, whereby bacteriocin expression is linked to management of the producer's transition metal homeostasis. This delocalized metalloregulatory model may fundamentally affect the selection of culture conditions for bacteriocin expression and change our understanding of class IIa bacteriocin gene transfer dynamics in a given microbiome.
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Yao F, Xu X, Du X, Cao K, Pan Q. Detection and characterization of a theta-replicating plasmid pLP60 from Lactobacillus plantarum PC518 by inverse PCR. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02164. [PMID: 31414068 PMCID: PMC6687099 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmid DNA of Lactobacillus plantarum PC518 was isolated by an improved method which contained a washing step for removing lysozyme. Three plasmid DNA libraries were constructed. A pair of outward primers was designed at both ends of the novel plasmid fragment obtained from plasmid DNA libraries, and the remainder of the circle plasmid was amplified by inverse PCR (iPCR). The whole sequence of plasmid was analyzed by the basic local alignment search tool, Tandem Repeats Finder, DNAMAN V6.0, DNASTAR and MEGA X software. The copy number was measured using quantitative real-time PCR. Plasmid extract showed 7 bands on agarose gel, indicating that L. plantarum PC518 contains multiple plasmids. The complete sequence of plasmid pLP60 was obtained by plasmid DNA libraries and iPCR. pLP60 is 6006 bp in length with a G + C content of 41.19 %, which encodes 8 open reading frames (ORFs). The ori site like theta-type could be located upstream of repB, which contains a short tandem repeats (sTR) and a long tandem repeats (lTR). RepB of pLP60 only had low similarity with Rep protein of known theta-type plasmids, but phylogenetic tree analysis showed that plasmids whose Rep proteins are similar to pLP60 have lTR at ori, and the conservativeness of lTR is consistent with similarity of Rep proteins, suggesting that RepB of pLP60 is a theta-replicating protein. So pLP60 was classified as class A of theta replication. The copy number of pLP60 was measured as 5 copies per cell by qPCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - XiaoYu Xu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Du
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Kang Cao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Qu Pan
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
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Van Zyl WF, Dicks LMT, Deane SM. Development of a novel selection/counter-selection system for chromosomal gene integrations and deletions in lactic acid bacteria. BMC Mol Biol 2019; 20:10. [PMID: 30922229 PMCID: PMC6440147 DOI: 10.1186/s12867-019-0127-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The underlying mechanisms by which probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) enhance the health of the consumer have not been fully elucidated. Verification of probiotic modes of action can be achieved by using single- or multiple-gene knockout analyses of bacterial mutants in in vitro or in vivo models. We developed a novel system based on an inducible toxin counter-selection system, allowing for rapid and efficient isolation of LAB integration or deletion mutants. The Lactococcus lactis nisin A inducible promoter was used for expression of the Escherichia coli mazF toxin gene as counter-selectable marker. Results The flippase (FLP)/flippase recognition target (FRT) recombination system and an antisense RNA transcript were used to create markerless chromosomal gene integrations/deletions in LAB. Expression of NisR and NisK signalling proteins generated stable DNA integrations and deletions. Large sequences could be inserted or deleted in a series of steps, as demonstrated by insertion of the firefly bioluminescence gene and erythromycin resistance marker into the bacteriocin operons or adhesion genes of Lactobacillus plantarum 423 and Enterococcus mundtii ST4SA. Conclusions The system was useful in the construction of L. plantarum 423 and E. mundtii ST4SA bacteriocin and adhesion gene mutants. This provides the unique opportunity to study the role of specific probiotic LAB genes in complex environments using reverse genetics analysis. Although this work focuses on two probiotic LAB strains, L. plantarum 423 and E. mundtii ST4SA, the system developed could be adapted to most, if not all, LAB species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12867-019-0127-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winschau F Van Zyl
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - Leon M T Dicks
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa.
| | - Shelly M Deane
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
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van Zyl WF, Deane SM, Dicks LMT. Bacteriocin production and adhesion properties as mechanisms for the anti-listerial activity of Lactobacillus plantarum 423 and Enterococcus mundtii ST4SA. Benef Microbes 2019; 10:329-349. [PMID: 30773929 DOI: 10.3920/bm2018.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics play an important role in maintaining a healthy and stable intestinal microbiota, primarily by preventing infection. Probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are known to be inhibitory to many bacterial enteric pathogens, including antibiotic-resistant strains. Whilst the positive role that probiotics have on human physiology, specifically in the treatment or prevention of specific infectious diseases of the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) is known, the precise mechanistic basis of these effects remains a major research goal. In this study, molecular evidence to underpin the protective and anti-listerial effect of Lactobacillus plantarum 423 and Enterococcus mundtii ST4SA against orally administered Listeria monocytogenes EGDe in the GIT of mice is provided. Bacteriocins plantaricin 423 and mundticin ST4SA, produced by L. plantarum 423 and E. mundtii ST4SA, respectively, inhibited the growth of L. monocytogenes in vitro and in vivo. Bacteriocin-negative mutants of L. plantarum 423 and E. mundtii ST4SA failed to exclude L. monocytogenes EGDe from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of mice. Furthermore, L. plantarum 423 and E. mundtii ST4SA failed to inhibit recombinant strains of L. monocytogenes EGDe in vivo that expressed the immunity proteins of the two bacteriocins. These results confirmed that bacteriocins plantaricin 423 and mundticin ST4SA acted as anti-infective mediators in vivo. Compared to wild type strains, mutants of L. plantarum 423 and E. mundtii ST4SA, in which the adhesion genes were knocked out, were less effective in the exclusion of L. monocytogenes EGDe from the GIT of mice. This work demonstrates the importance of bacteriocin and adhesion genes as probiotic anti-infective mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- W F van Zyl
- 1 Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - S M Deane
- 1 Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - L M T Dicks
- 1 Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
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Isnafia Ar I, Wulandari Z, Sindya Sin E, Marsally S D. Application of Purified Bacteriocin from Lactobacillus plantarum IIA-1A5 as a Bio-preservative of Beef Sausage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2017.444.450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Meng F, Zhu X, Lu F, Bie X, Lu Z. Functional Analysis of Plantaricin E and Its Mutant by Heterologous Expression in Escherichia coli. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 182:311-323. [PMID: 27854041 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2328-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Plantaricins are a group of ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides in Lactobacillus plantarum that exert antimicrobial activities against some foodborne pathogens. In this study, we observed that plantaricin E in L. plantarum 163 was missing 19 amino acids (plnE mutant amino acid sequence: FNRGGYNFGKSVRH, plnE amino acid sequence: FNRGGYNFGKSVRHVVDAIGSVAGIRGILKSIR). In order to study the effects of mutant plnE, plnE mutant genes with and without the signal peptide were cloned from the L. plantarum 163 genome, linked to the pET32a vector, and expressed via a fusion protein (thioredoxin) in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). All target proteins were purified using Ni-NTA, SP FF columns, and RP-HPLC. The purified proteins were stable in an acidic environment and at temperatures below 80 °C, but they were easily degraded under alkaline conditions and by protease treatment. They showed antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria such as Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus paracasei, and Listeria innocua. In addition, SP-plnE and PlnE exerted stronger activity than nisin. The signal peptide had a positive effect on the activities of PlnE and PlnEm. Thus, these purified proteins may have potential applications in the food industry to control foodborne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanqiang Meng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fengxia Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaomei Bie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Meng F, Zhao H, Zhang C, Lu F, Bie X, Lu Z. Expression of a novel bacteriocin—the plantaricin Pln1—in Escherichia coli and its functional analysis. Protein Expr Purif 2016; 119:85-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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van Zyl WF, Deane SM, Dicks LMT. Enterococcus mundtii ST4SA and Lactobacillus plantarum 423 excludes Listeria monocytogenes from the GIT, as shown by bioluminescent studies in mice. Benef Microbes 2015; 7:227-35. [PMID: 26689230 DOI: 10.3920/bm2015.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an opportunistic food-borne pathogen and is life-threatening to individuals with a weakened immune system. The aim of this study was to determine if Lactobacillus plantarum 423 and Enterococcus mundtii ST4SA could prevent colonisation of L. monocytogenes in the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT). Mice were gavaged with L. plantarum 423, E. mundtii ST4SA, and a combination of the two strains, for 6 consecutive days and orally infected with a bioluminescent strain of L. monocytogenes (strain EGDe) on the last day of treatment. 30 min after infection, high cell numbers of L. plantarum 423, E. mundtii ST4SA and L. monocytogenes EGDe were isolated from faeces. L. monocytogenes EGDe cells were absent from the small intestine of L. plantarum 423-treated mice 4 h after infection and from the large intestine 2 h later. No bioluminescent, and thus metabolically active, cells of L. monocytogenes EGDe were recorded in the GIT of mice treated with E. mundtii ST4SA, suggesting that their growth was repressed. L. plantarum 423 and E. mundtii ST4SA colonised the colon the strongest. These strains may be considered for the competitive exclusion of L. monocytogenes from the GIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- W F van Zyl
- 1 Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - S M Deane
- 1 Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - L M T Dicks
- 1 Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
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van Zyl WF, Deane SM, Dicks LMT. Use of the mCherry Fluorescent Protein To Study Intestinal Colonization by Enterococcus mundtii ST4SA and Lactobacillus plantarum 423 in Mice. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:5993-6002. [PMID: 26116681 PMCID: PMC4551250 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01247-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are natural inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of humans and animals, and some LAB species receive considerable attention due to their health benefits. Although many papers have been published on probiotic LAB, only a few reports have been published on the migration and colonization of the cells in the GIT. This is due mostly to the lack of efficient reporter systems. In this study, we report on the application of the fluorescent mCherry protein in the in vivo tagging of the probiotic strains Enterococcus mundtii ST4SA and Lactobacillus plantarum 423. The mCherry gene, encoding a red fluorescent protein (RFP), was integrated into a nonfunctional region on the genome of L. plantarum 423 by homologous recombination. In the case of E. mundtii ST4SA, the mCherry gene was cloned into the pGKV223D LAB/Escherichia coli expression vector. Expression of the mCherry gene did not alter the growth rate of the two strains and had no effect on bacteriocin production. Both strains colonized the cecum and colon of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winschau F van Zyl
- Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Shelly M Deane
- Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Leon M T Dicks
- Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Cui Y, Hu T, Qu X, Zhang L, Ding Z, Dong A. Plasmids from Food Lactic Acid Bacteria: Diversity, Similarity, and New Developments. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:13172-202. [PMID: 26068451 PMCID: PMC4490491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160613172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmids are widely distributed in different sources of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as self-replicating extrachromosomal genetic materials, and have received considerable attention due to their close relationship with many important functions as well as some industrially relevant characteristics of the LAB species. They are interesting with regard to the development of food-grade cloning vectors. This review summarizes new developments in the area of lactic acid bacteria plasmids and aims to provide up to date information that can be used in related future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Cui
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Tong Hu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Xiaojun Qu
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150010, China.
| | - Lanwei Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Zhongqing Ding
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Aijun Dong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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Rossi F, Rizzotti L, Felis GE, Torriani S. Horizontal gene transfer among microorganisms in food: Current knowledge and future perspectives. Food Microbiol 2014; 42:232-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Characterization of three cryptic plasmids from Lactobacillus plantarum G63 that was isolated from Chinese pickle. Plasmid 2013; 70:321-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2012] [Revised: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Cui Y, Zhang C, Wang Y, Shi J, Zhang L, Ding Z, Qu X, Cui H. Class IIa bacteriocins: diversity and new developments. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:16668-707. [PMID: 23222636 PMCID: PMC3546714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131216668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Class IIa bacteriocins are heat-stable, unmodified peptides with a conserved amino acids sequence YGNGV on their N-terminal domains, and have received much attention due to their generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status, their high biological activity, and their excellent heat stability. They are promising and attractive agents that could function as biopreservatives in the food industry. This review summarizes the new developments in the area of class IIa bacteriocins and aims to provide uptodate information that can be used in designing future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Cui
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; E-Mails: (Y.C.); (C.Z.); (Z.D.)
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; E-Mails: (Y.C.); (C.Z.); (Z.D.)
| | - Yunfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; E-Mail:
| | - John Shi
- Guelph Food Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G5C9, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - Lanwei Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; E-Mails: (Y.C.); (C.Z.); (Z.D.)
| | - Zhongqing Ding
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; E-Mails: (Y.C.); (C.Z.); (Z.D.)
| | - Xiaojun Qu
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150010, China; E-Mail:
| | - Hongyu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; E-Mail:
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Samot J, Badet C. Antibacterial activity of probiotic candidates for oral health. Anaerobe 2012; 19:34-8. [PMID: 23211763 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2012.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the probiotic potential of autochthonous oral lactobacilli. For this, 66 strains were screened for antibacterial activity against two cariogenic strains (Streptococcus mutans and Actinomyces viscosus) and two periodontopathogenic strains (Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis). The inhibitory activity was investigated with the agar overlay technique. Positive results led us to explore some mechanisms of action. The ability to produce H(2)O(2) and the glycerol dehydratase gene were searched among all the strains. The gassericin A gene was checked among the Lactobacillus gasseri. All the tested strains inhibited S. mutans and A. viscosus; only one did not inhibited F. nucleatum and 52 strains inhibited slightly the growth of P. gingivalis. No inactivation of antibacterial activity was observed after treatment with proteinase K. The gene of the gassericin A was not found in any strain. Only one strain showed a 275-bp amplicon corresponding to the Glycerol Dehydratase gene. This strain has been identified by DNA 16S sequencing as a L. gasseri. Among the 66 tested strains, 7 produced hydrogen peroxide. Our findings suggest that in addition to the previous results, some of the autochthonous oral lactobacilli tested could be considered as suitable probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Samot
- UFR of Odontology, University Bordeaux Segalen, 16 cours de la Marne, 33082 Bordeaux cedex, France.
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Highly Specific Culture-Independent Detection of YGNGV Motif-Containing Pediocin-Producing Strains. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2012; 5:37-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-012-9114-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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Devi SM, Halami PM. Detection of mobile genetic elements in pediocin PA-1 like producing lactic acid bacteria. J Basic Microbiol 2012; 53:555-61. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201200079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sundru Manjulata Devi
- Food Microbiology Department; CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute; Mysore; 570020; India
| | - Prakash M. Halami
- Food Microbiology Department; CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute; Mysore; 570020; India
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Chen C, Ai L, Zhou F, Ren J, Sun K, Zhang H, Chen W, Guo B. Complete nucleotide sequence of plasmid pST-III from Lactobacillus plantarum ST-III. Plasmid 2011; 67:236-44. [PMID: 22209721 DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2011] [Revised: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The complete nucleotide sequence of the 53,560-bp plasmid pST-III from Lactobacillus plantarum ST-III has been determined. The plasmid contains 42 predicted protein-coding sequences, and the functions of 34 coding sequences could be assigned. Homology analysis for the replication protein and the typical features of the origin of replication suggested that pST-III replicates via the theta-type mechanism. Among the predicted genes, we identified a kdp gene cluster (a high-affinity K(+)-transport system) for the first time in the Lactobacillus genus and a system for osmolyte transport. Analysis of the plasmid-encoded functions and the plasmid-cured experiment showed that the genes of pST-III could serve for the niche adaptations of L. plantarum ST-III and make significant contributions to its viability under hyperosmotic conditions. Furthermore, the relative copy number of pST-III was determined to be 6.79±1.55 copies per cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Detection and Characterization of Pediocin PA-1/AcH like Bacteriocin Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria. Curr Microbiol 2011; 63:181-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-011-9963-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pan Q, Zhang L, Li J, Chen T, Chen W, Wang G, Yin J. Characterization of pLP18, a novel cryptic plasmid of Lactobacillus plantarum PC518 isolated from Chinese pickle. Plasmid 2011; 65:204-9. [PMID: 21255609 DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A cryptic plasmid of Lactobacillus plantarum PC518 isolated from Chinese pickle, designated pLP18, was sequenced and characterized. It is a 1806-bp circular molecule with a G+C content of 37.5%. Sequence analysis of pLP18 revealed three putative open reading frames (ORFs), in which ORF1 contained conserved motifs of pMV158-family Rep proteins and showed 60% similarity with the Rep protein of pPSC22, a member of rolling-circle replication (RCR) pMV158 family. The double strand origin (dso) of pMV158 family and the single strand origin A (ssoA) located upstream of the rep gene. The putative cop and rnaII genes were predicted to be regulatory genes controlling copy number of pLP18. The results of Southern hybridization suggested that pLP18 replicate via the RCR mechanism. Furthermore, the relative copy number of pLP18 was estimated to be about 24 copies per chromosome equivalent by quantitative PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qu Pan
- Department of Microbiology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610083, China.
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Valins W, Amini S, Berman B. The Expression of Toll-like Receptors in Dermatological Diseases and the Therapeutic Effect of Current and Newer Topical Toll-like Receptor Modulators. THE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND AESTHETIC DERMATOLOGY 2010; 3:20-29. [PMID: 20877521 PMCID: PMC2945844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors are a group of glycoproteins located mostly in cellular membranes, capable of recognizing certain molecules in exogenous microorganisms and initiating immune responses against them through the activation of several intracellular signaling pathways. Toll-like receptors can be stimulated when an inflammatory reaction is needed for the treatment of conditions, such as viral infections or skin cancer, or can be inhibited when a reduction of inflammation is necessary for the treatment of conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and septic shock. In the human skin, keratinocytes and Langerhans cells are known to express these receptors. Skin conditions where Toll-like receptors are known to be upregulated include acne, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, syphilis, leprosy, Staphylococcus aureus infections, candidiasis, and herpes simplex and varicella zoster infections. Besides imiquimod, which is the most successful and more studied topical Toll-like receptor-modulating agent to date, other topical agents, such as nicotinamide, all-trans retinoic acid, adapalene, zinc, and sodium tosylchloramide, have also been found to exert some of their action through Toll-like receptors. Recent topical agents, including CBT-SL5 and CpG-ODN, are being evaluated for the treatment of inflammatory acne and skin cancer, respectively, and have demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of those conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney Valins
- Clinical Research Fellow, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miami, Florida
| | - Sadegh Amini
- Senior Clinical Research Fellow, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miami, Florida
| | - Brian Berman
- Clinical Research Fellow, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miami, Florida
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Halami PM. Isolation and characterization of a nitrosoguanidine-induced Enterococcus faecium MTCC 5153 mutant defective in enterocin biosynthesis. Res Microbiol 2010; 161:590-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2010.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2010] [Revised: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Asteri IA, Papadimitriou K, Boutou E, Anastasiou R, Pot B, Vorgias CE, Tsakalidou E. Characterization of pLAC1, a cryptic plasmid isolated from Lactobacillus acidipiscis and comparative analysis with its related plasmids. Int J Food Microbiol 2010; 141:222-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2010] [Revised: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kamoun F, Fguira IB, Tounsi A, Abdelkefi-Mesrati L, Sanchis V, Lereclus D, Jaoua S. Generation of Mini-Tn10transposon insertion mutant library ofBacillus thuringiensisfor the investigation of genes required for its bacteriocin production. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2009; 294:141-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2009.01559.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Todorov SD. Bacteriocins from Lactobacillus plantarum - production, genetic organization and mode of action: produção, organização genética e modo de ação. Braz J Microbiol 2009; 40:209-21. [PMID: 24031346 PMCID: PMC3769724 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822009000200001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2008] [Revised: 09/29/2008] [Accepted: 02/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriocins are biologically active proteins or protein complexes that display a bactericidal mode of action towards usually closely related species. Numerous strains of bacteriocin producing Lactobacillus plantarum have been isolated in the last two decades from different ecological niches including meat, fish, fruits, vegetables, and milk and cereal products. Several of these plantaricins have been characterized and the aminoacid sequence determined. Different aspects of the mode of action, fermentation optimization and genetic organization of the bacteriocin operon have been studied. However, numerous of bacteriocins produced by different Lactobacillus plantarum strains have not been fully characterized. In this article, a brief overview of the classification, genetics, characterization, including mode of action and production optimization for bacteriocins from Lactic Acid Bacteria in general, and where appropriate, with focus on bacteriocins produced by Lactobacillus plantarum, is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetoslav D Todorov
- Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch , 7600 Stellenbosch , South Africa
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Suwanjinda D, Eames C, Panbangred W. Screening of lactic acid bacteria for bacteriocins by microbiological and PCR methods. BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EDUCATION : A BIMONTHLY PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2007; 35:364-369. [PMID: 21591125 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We describe a practical laboratory designed for third-year undergraduate students of Biotechnology as part of a Microbial Physiology and Genetics course. It comprises a five-session laboratory module to screen foods for lactic acid bacteria (LAB)1 and to test isolated LAB for the presence of bacteriocins. Traditional Thai fermented foods are first screened for bacteriocin-producing LAB using microbiological methods. This is followed by a simple and rapid DNA extraction and by a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using three pairs of specific primers to test for the presence or absence of various bacteriocin genes in the isolated LAB. PCR amplicons of 332, 412, and 608 bp indicate the presence of pediocin, enterocin, and nisin genes, respectively, whereas no amplicon band indicates the absence of these bacteriocins. The laboratory provides the students with experience in the use of microbiological and multiplex PCR methods and shows how the molecular biology techniques can be related to their daily lives. The module could easily be adapted to the study of fermented foods from other countries.
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