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Rapp D, Ross C, Cave V, Maclean P, Jauregui R, Brightwell G. Medium-term storage of calf beddings affects bacterial community and effectiveness to inactivate zoonotic bacteria. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295843. [PMID: 38100478 PMCID: PMC10723701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Land-spreading of animal faecal wastes -such as animal beddings- can introduce zoonotic enteropathogens into the food system environment. The study evaluated the effectiveness of animal beddings naturally contaminated by calf manure to reduce E. coli O157:H7 or Salmonella enterica. The two pathogens were introduced separately as a four strains-cocktail and at high (>6.5 Log10 g-1) concentration into bedding materials, and their inactivation over a 10 weeks-period was monitored by using a Most Probable Number (MPN) enumeration method. Inactivation of E. coli O157:H7 was more effective in the bedding inoculated immediately after collection from calf pens than in the beddings inoculated after a 2 months-pre-storage period: E. coli O157:H7 levels were reduced by 6.6 Log10 g-1 in unstored bedding (0.5 Log10 g-1 recovered; 95%CI: 0.0-1.2), and by 4.9 Log10 g-1 in pre-stored bedding (2.2 Log10 g-1 recovered; 95%CI: 1.5-2.8) with a significant (p<0.05) difference between unstored and pre-stored. S. enterica was inactivated less effectively as counts were reduced by one order of magnitude, with no significant difference in inactivation between unstored and pre-stored beddings. Low levels of naturally occurring E. coli O157 and Salmonella spp. were detected in the non-inoculated beddings, as well as in the straw prior to use in the animal facility. To better understand the possible biological processes involved, the bacterial community present in the beddings was characterised by short-read 16S rRNA sequencing. Pre-storage of the bedding affected the composition but not the diversity of the bacterial community. Analyses of the key bacterial phyla suggested that the presence of a diverse and stable bacterial community might facilitate inactivation of the introduced pathogens, and a possible role of bacterial orders associated with lignocellulolytic resources. Overall, the study contributed to the understanding of the fate of zoonotic bacteria introduced in animal beddings during storage and identified bedding storage practices pre-and post-use in animal facilities that could be important to prevent the risk of zoonosis dissemination to the environment or to the dairy herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Rapp
- Food System Integrity, AgResearch Ltd, Hopkirk Research Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Colleen Ross
- Food System Integrity, AgResearch Ltd, Hopkirk Research Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Vanessa Cave
- Data Science Team, AgResearch Ltd, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Paul Maclean
- Data Science Team, AgResearch Ltd, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Ruy Jauregui
- Data Science Team, AgResearch Ltd, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Gale Brightwell
- Food System Integrity, AgResearch Ltd, Hopkirk Research Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- New Zealand Food Safety Science & Research Centre, Hopkirk Research Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Bell J, Crosby-Durrani HE, Blowey RW, Carter SD, Evans NJ. Survival of bovine digital dermatitis treponemes in conditions relevant to the host and farm environment. Anaerobe 2023; 82:102766. [PMID: 37479021 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2023.102766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bovine digital dermatitis (BDD), a painful infectious foot disease in dairy cattle, endemic in many countries worldwide, causes substantial economic and welfare impacts. Treponema spp. are considered key to BDD pathogenesis. To aid infection reservoir identification and control measure development, survival of BDD treponemes was investigated in different temperatures (4, 12, 20, 37, 45 and 60 °C), pH values (5-9.0), dairy cattle faeces and bedding types: straw shavings, sand, sand containing 5% lime (w/w) and recycled manure solids (RMS). METHODS A turbidity microplate methodology was adapted to measure pH impact on growth. Survival of BDD treponemes for the different conditions were assessed by sub-cultures of microcosms over different time points. RESULTS BDD treponemes remained viable between 4 and 37 °C and pH 5.5 and 9.0 under anaerobic conditions. In sterile faecal microcosms, incubated aerobically at 12 °C, BDD treponemes remained viable for a median of 1 day (15 min - 6 day range). Variation in duration of survival and ability to grow was observed between phylogroups and strains. In aerobic microcosms, T. phagedenis T320A remained viable for the full 7 days in sand, 6 days in sawdust, 5 days in RMS, but was not viable after 15 min in straw or sand containing 5% (w/w) lime. CONCLUSIONS Treponeme survival conditions identified here should enhance future BDD infection reservoir surveys and enable control measures. Of note, straw or sand containing 5% (w/w) lime should be assessed in BDD field trials. Finally, these data indicate BDD treponemes exhibit characteristics of facultative anaerobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Bell
- Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, Cheshire, CH64 7TE, United Kingdom
| | - Hayley E Crosby-Durrani
- Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, Cheshire, CH64 7TE, United Kingdom
| | - Roger W Blowey
- Gloucester Veterinary Consultancy Ltd, Appithorne, Minsterworth, Gloucester, GL2 8JG, UK
| | - Stuart D Carter
- Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, Cheshire, CH64 7TE, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Evans
- Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, Cheshire, CH64 7TE, United Kingdom.
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3
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Zhang N, Liang C, Kan P, Yangyao J, Lu D, Yao Z, Gan H, Zhu DZ. Indigenous microbial community governs the survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in constructed wetlands. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 334:117524. [PMID: 36801692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The survival pattern of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7) and its regulatory factors in natural environments have been widely studied. However, there is little information about the survival of E. coli O157:H7 in artificial environments, especially in wastewater treatment facilities. In this study, a contamination experiment was performed to explore the survival pattern of E. coli O157:H7 and its central control factors in two constructed wetlands (CWs) under different hydraulic loading rates (HLRs). The results showed that the survival time of E. coli O157:H7 was longer in the CW under the higher HLR. Substrate ammonium nitrogen and available phosphorus were the main factors that influenced the survival of E. coli O157:H7 in CWs. Despite the minimal effect of microbial α-diversity, some keystone taxa, such as Aeromonas, Selenomonas, and Paramecium, governed the survival of E. coli O157:H7. In addition, the prokaryotic community had a more significant impact on the survival of E. coli O157:H7 than the eukaryotic community. The biotic properties had a more substantial direct power on the survival of E. coli O157:H7 than the abiotic factors in CWs. Collectively, this study comprehensively disclosed the survival pattern of E. coli O157:H7 in CWs, which is an essential addition to the environmental behavior of E. coli O157:H7, providing a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of biological contamination in wastewater treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering and Geography Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Institute of Ocean Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Chunling Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Peiying Kan
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering and Geography Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jiannan Yangyao
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Dingnan Lu
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering and Geography Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Institute of Ocean Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zhiyuan Yao
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering and Geography Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Institute of Ocean Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Huihui Gan
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering and Geography Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Institute of Ocean Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - David Z Zhu
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering and Geography Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Institute of Ocean Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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Liao J, Li J, Han Z, Lyu G, Ibekwe AM, Ma J. Persistence of Salmonella Typhimurium in apple-pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.) orchard soils influenced by bacterial communities and soil properties. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 768:144458. [PMID: 33444864 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
2In this study, we investigated the persistence of Salmonella Typhimurium in 26 soil samples from apple-pear orchards in Yanji, Longjing and Helong in northeastern China. The time to reach detection limit (ttds) of Salmonella Typhimurium in soils varied from 20 to 120 days. Redundancy analysis and variation partition analysis elucidated that bacterial communities, clay content, pH, electrical conductivity (EC) salinity, and NO3--N could explain more than 85% of overall variation of the persistence behaviors. Results of structural equation models and Mantel tests revealed that clay content and EC displayed both direct and indirect effect on ttds, while NO3--N and pH exhibited direct and indirect effect on the survival patterns, respectively. Furthermore, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria and Deltaproteobacteria at class level showed highly close correlations with ttds. Our results revealed that certain biotic and abiotic factors could greatly contribute to the overall persistence of Salmonella in apple-pear orchard soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafen Liao
- Key Laboratory of Ground Water Resource and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jiahang Li
- Key Laboratory of Ground Water Resource and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Ziming Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Guangze Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Ground Water Resource and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - A Mark Ibekwe
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Salinity Laboratory, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
| | - Jincai Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ground Water Resource and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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5
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Han Z, Ma J, Yang CH, Ibekwe AM. Soil salinity, pH, and indigenous bacterial community interactively influence the survival of E. coli O157:H7 revealed by multivariate statistics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:5575-5586. [PMID: 32974826 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10942-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Complexities of biotic-abiotic interactions in soils result in the lack of integrated understanding of environmental variables that restrict the survival of shiga toxin-producing E. coli O157:H7. Herein, we reanalyzed previously published data and highlighted the influence of soil abiotic factors on E. coli O157:H7 survivability and elucidated how these factors took effect indirectly through affecting indigenous bacterial community. Interaction network analysis indicated salinity and pH decreased the relative abundances of some bacterial taxa (e.g., Acidobacteria_Gp4, Acidobacteria_Gp6, and Deltaproteobacteria) which were positively correlated with the survival of E. coli O157:H7 in soils, and vice versa (e.g., Gammaproteobacteria and Flavobacteria) (P < 0.05). An array of multivariate statistical approaches including partial Mantel test, variation partition analysis (VPA), and structural equation model (SEM) further confirmed that biotic and abiotic factors interactively shaped the survival profile of E. coli O157:H7. This study revealed that some bacterial taxa were correlated with survival of E. coli O157:H7 directly, and salinity and pH could affect E. coli O157:H7 survival through changing these bacterial taxa. These findings suggest that salinity in soil might benefit the control of fecal pathogenic E. coli invasion, while soil acidification caused by anthropogenic influences could potentially increase the persistence of E. coli O157:H7 in agro-ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Han
- Key Laboratory of Ground Water Resource and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Jincai Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ground Water Resource and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Ching-Hong Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Huang G, Liao J, Han Z, Li J, Zhu L, Lyu G, Lu L, Xie Y, Ma J. Interaction between Fungal Communities, Soil Properties, and the Survival of Invading E. coli O157:H7 in Soils. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17103516. [PMID: 32443436 PMCID: PMC7277763 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pathogens that invade into the soil cancontaminate food and water, andinfect animals and human beings. It is well documented that individual bacterial phyla are well correlated with the survival of E. coliO157 (EcO157), while the interaction betweenthe fungal communities and EcO157 survival remains largely unknown. In this study, soil samples from Tongliao, Siping, and Yanji in northeast China were collected and characterized. Total DNA was extracted for fungal and bacterial community characterization. EcO157 cells were spiked into the soils, and their survival behavior was investigated. Results showed that both fungal and bacterial communities were significantly correlated (p < 0.01) with the survival of EcO157 in soils, and the relative abundances of fungal groups (Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes) and some bacterial phyla (Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, gamma- and delta-Proteobacteria)weresignificantly correlated with ttds (p < 0.01). Soil pH, EC (electric conductance) salinity, and water-soluble nitrate nitrogen were significantly correlated with survival time (time to reach the detection limit, ttd) (p < 0.05). The structural equation model indicated that fungal communities could directly influence ttds, and soil properties could indirectly influence the ttds through fungal communities. The first log reduction time (δ) was mainly correlated with soil properties, while the shape parameter (p) was largely correlated with fungal communities. Our data indicated that both fungal and bacterial communities were closely correlated (p < 0.05)with the survival of EcO157 in soils, and different fungal and bacterial groups might play different roles. Fungal communities and bacterial communities explained 5.87% and 17.32% of the overall variation of survival parameters, respectively. Soil properties explained about one-third of the overall variation of survival parameters. These findings expand our current understanding of the environmental behavior of human pathogens in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ground Water Resource and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China;
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (J.L.); (L.Z.); (G.L.); (L.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Jiafen Liao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (J.L.); (L.Z.); (G.L.); (L.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Ziming Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; (Z.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Jiahang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; (Z.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Liyue Zhu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (J.L.); (L.Z.); (G.L.); (L.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Guangze Lyu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (J.L.); (L.Z.); (G.L.); (L.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Lu Lu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (J.L.); (L.Z.); (G.L.); (L.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yuang Xie
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (J.L.); (L.Z.); (G.L.); (L.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Jincai Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ground Water Resource and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China;
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (J.L.); (L.Z.); (G.L.); (L.L.); (Y.X.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-431-85168429
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7
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Schierstaedt J, Jechalke S, Nesme J, Neuhaus K, Sørensen SJ, Grosch R, Smalla K, Schikora A. Salmonella
persistence in soil depends on reciprocal interactions with indigenous microorganisms. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:2639-2652. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Schierstaedt
- Plant‐Microbe SystemsLeibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Großbeeren Germany
| | - Sven Jechalke
- Institute for Phytopathology, Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University Giessen Giessen Germany
| | - Joseph Nesme
- Section of Microbiology, Department of BiologyUniversity of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Klaus Neuhaus
- ZIEL ‐ Institute for Food & Health, Core Facility Microbiome/NGS, Technische Universität München Freising Germany
| | - Søren J. Sørensen
- Section of Microbiology, Department of BiologyUniversity of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Rita Grosch
- Plant‐Microbe SystemsLeibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Großbeeren Germany
| | - Kornelia Smalla
- Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kühn‐Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants Braunschweig Germany
| | - Adam Schikora
- Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kühn‐Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants Braunschweig Germany
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8
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Schierstaedt J, Grosch R, Schikora A. Agricultural production systems can serve as reservoir for human pathogens. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 366:5715908. [PMID: 31981360 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Food-borne diseases are a threat to human health and can cause severe economic losses. Nowadays, in a growing and increasingly interconnected world, food-borne diseases need to be dealt with in a global manner. In order to tackle this issue, it is essential to consider all possible entry routes of human pathogens into the production chain. Besides the post-harvest handling of the fresh produce itself, also the prevention of contamination in livestock and agricultural soils are of particular importance. While the monitoring of human pathogens and intervening measures are relatively easy to apply in livestock and post-harvest, the investigation of the prevention strategies in crop fields is a challenging task. Furthermore, crop fields are interconnected with livestock via fertilizers and feed; therefore, a poor hygiene management can cause cross-contamination. In this review, we highlight the possible contamination of crop plants by bacterial human pathogens via the rhizosphere, their interaction with the plant and possible intervention strategies. Furthermore, we discuss critical issues and questions that are still open.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Schierstaedt
- Plant-Microbe Systems, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, 14979 Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Rita Grosch
- Plant-Microbe Systems, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, 14979 Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Adam Schikora
- Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
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Kalchayanand N, Worlie D, Wheeler T. A Novel Aqueous Ozone Treatment as a Spray Chill Intervention against Escherichia coli O157:H7 on Surfaces of Fresh Beef. J Food Prot 2019; 82:1874-1878. [PMID: 31622163 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-19-093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This experiment determined the efficacy of using a novel aqueous ozone treatment as a spray chill intervention to reduce Escherichia coli O157:H7 on surfaces of fresh beef compared with traditional water spray chill. Cutaneous trunci muscles were obtained from a local beef cattle processing plant. Muscles were divided into sixteen 25-cm2 sections, and each section was individually inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 to the final concentration of approximately 105 CFU/cm2. Muscle sections were collected and tested before and after simulated spray chill treatments of water or the novel aqueous ozone solution. Enumeration of survivors of each treatment was compared with that of the untreated muscle sections. Water spray chill reduced (P ≤ 0.05) E. coli O157:H7 0.60 log, whereas the aqueous ozone spray chill reduction (P ≤ 0.05) was 1.46 log on surfaces of fresh beef. Aqueous ozone spray chill reduced (P ≤ 0.05) aerobic bacteria 0.99 log, but water spray chill did not significantly (P > 0.05) reduce aerobic bacteria on surfaces of fresh beef. The findings indicate that aqueous ozone can be used as a spray chill intervention to enhance the safety of beef.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norasak Kalchayanand
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933-0166 (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6571-9097 [T.L.W.])
| | - Drew Worlie
- TetraClean/CleanCore Technologies, LLC, Omaha, Nebraska 68144, USA
| | - Tommy Wheeler
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933-0166 (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6571-9097 [T.L.W.])
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10
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Rowe SM, Godden SM, Royster E, Timmerman J, Crooker BA, Boyle M. Cross-sectional study of the relationships among bedding materials, bedding bacteria counts, and intramammary infection in late-lactation dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:11384-11400. [PMID: 31606215 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objectives of this study were to (1) describe the intramammary infection (IMI) prevalence and pathogen profiles in quarters of cows approaching dry-off in US dairy herds, (2) compare IMI prevalence in quarters of cows exposed to different bedding material types, and (3) identify associations between bedding bacteria count and IMI in cows approaching dry-off. Eighty herds using 1 of 4 common bedding materials (manure solids, organic non-manure, new sand, and recycled sand) were recruited in a multi-site cross-sectional study. Each herd was visited twice for sampling. At each visit, aseptic quarter-milk samples were collected from 20 cows approaching dry-off (>180 d pregnant). Samples of unused and used bedding were also collected. Aerobic culture was used to determine the IMI status of 10,448 quarters and to enumerate counts (log10 cfu/mL) of all bacteria, Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp. and Streptococcus-like organisms (SSLO), coliforms, Klebsiella spp., noncoliform gram-negatives, Bacillus spp., and Prototheca spp. in unused (n = 148) and used (n = 150) bedding. The association between bedding bacteria count and IMI was determined using multivariable logistic regression with mixed effects. Quarter-level prevalence of IMI was 21.1%, which was primarily caused by non-aureus Staphylococcus spp. (11.4%) and SSLO (5.6%). Only modest differences in IMI prevalence were observed between the 4 common bedding material types. Counts of all bacteria in unused bedding was positively associated with odds of IMI caused by any pathogen [ALL-IMI; odds ratio (OR) = 1.08]. A positive association was also observed for counts of SSLO in unused bedding and SSLO-IMI (OR = 1.09). These patterns of association were generally consistent across the 4 common bedding materials. In contrast, the association between counts of all bacteria in used bedding and ALL-IMI varied by bedding type, with positive associations observed in quarters exposed to manure solids (OR = 2.29) and organic non-manure (OR = 1.51) and a negative association in quarters exposed to new sand (OR = 0.47). Findings from this study suggest that quarter-level IMI prevalence in late-lactation cows is low in US dairy herds. Furthermore, bedding material type may not be an important risk factor for IMI in late lactation. Higher levels of bacteria in bedding may increase IMI prevalence at dry-off in general, but this relationship is likely to vary according to bedding material type.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Rowe
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108.
| | - S M Godden
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
| | - E Royster
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
| | - J Timmerman
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
| | - B A Crooker
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
| | - M Boyle
- Zoetis, Hager City, WI 54014
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Liang C, Yao Z, Du S, Hong M, Wang K, Zhang D. Sediment pH, not the bacterial diversity, determines Escherichia coli O157:H7 survival in estuarine sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:1078-1086. [PMID: 31252105 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7 is recognized as a hazardous microorganism in the environment. Its longer survival might contribute to higher contamination risk. In this study, E. coli O157:H7 survival in estuarine sediments collected from south Hangzhou Bay was investigated. The survival time of E. coli O157:H7 in estuarine sediments increased with the distance to the water-land junction. Sediment pH was the most important factor in regulating E. coli O157:H7 survival in estuarine sediments. In addition, sediment nutrients and texture also played significant roles in the survival of E. coli O157:H7 in the sediments. On the other hand, bacterial diversity as determined by the alpha-diversity index had no significant effect on E. coli O157:H7 survival. However, specific families of bacteria were closely associated with E. coli O157:H7 survival in the sediments. Remarkably, some potential bacterial groups, e.g., the Desulfobacteraceae, Desulfobulbaceae and Desulfarculaceae families, which are mainly involved in the sulfur cycle, showed significant negative correlation with the E. coli O157:H7 survival in the sediments. On the whole, abiotic factors showed greater effects on E. coli O157:H7 survival in the test sediments than the bacterial community. Our findings provide a comprehensive understanding of E. coli O157:H7 survival and regulatory factors in estuarine sediments, establishing foundation for the prevention of pathogen contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Liang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Zhiyuan Yao
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Shicong Du
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Man Hong
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Demin Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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Davidson ME, Schaeffer J, Clark ML, Magzamen S, Brooks EJ, Keefe TJ, Bradford M, Roman-Muniz N, Mehaffy J, Dooley G, Poole JA, Mitloehner FM, Reed S, Schenker MB, Reynolds SJ. Personal exposure of dairy workers to dust, endotoxin, muramic acid, ergosterol, and ammonia on large-scale dairies in the high plains Western United States. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2018; 15:182-193. [PMID: 29157144 PMCID: PMC8641559 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2017.1403610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Dairy workers experience a high degree of bioaerosol exposure, composed of an array of biological and chemical constituents, which have been tied to adverse health effects. A better understanding of the variation in the magnitude and composition of exposures by task is needed to inform worker protection strategies. To characterize the levels and types of exposures, 115 dairy workers grouped into three task categories on nine farms in the high plains Western United States underwent personal monitoring for inhalable dust, endotoxin, 3-hydroxy fatty acids (3-OHFA), muramic acid, ergosterol, and ammonia through one work shift. Eighty-nine percent of dairy workers were exposed to endotoxin at concentrations exceeding the recommended exposure guidelines (adjusted for a long work shift). The proportion of workers with exposures exceeding recommended guidelines was lower for inhalable dust (12%), and ammonia (1%). Ergosterol exposures were only measurable on 28% of samples, primarily among medical workers and feed handlers. Milking parlor workers were exposed to significantly higher inhalable dust, endotoxin, 3-OHFA, ammonia, and muramic acid concentrations compared to workers performing other tasks. Development of large modern dairies has successfully made progress in reducing worker exposures and lung disease prevalence. However, exposure to endotoxin, dust, and ammonia continues to present a significant risk to worker health on North American dairies, especially for workers in milking parlors. This study was among the first to concurrently evaluate occupational exposure to assayable endotoxin (lipid A), 3-hydroxy fatty acids or 3-OHFA (a chemical measure of cell bound and noncell-bound endotoxins), muramic acid, ergosterol, and ammonia among workers on Western U.S. dairies. There remains a need for cost-effective, culturally acceptable intervention strategies integrated in OHS Risk Management and production systems to further optimize worker health and farm productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E Davidson
- a Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado
- b High Plains Intermountain Center for Agricultural Health and Safety , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado
- f Edith Cowan University , Perth , Western Australila , Australia
| | - Joshua Schaeffer
- a Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado
- b High Plains Intermountain Center for Agricultural Health and Safety , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado
| | - Maggie L Clark
- a Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado
- b High Plains Intermountain Center for Agricultural Health and Safety , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado
| | - Sheryl Magzamen
- a Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado
- b High Plains Intermountain Center for Agricultural Health and Safety , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado
| | - Elizabeth J Brooks
- a Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado
- b High Plains Intermountain Center for Agricultural Health and Safety , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado
| | - Thomas J Keefe
- a Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado
- b High Plains Intermountain Center for Agricultural Health and Safety , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado
| | - Mary Bradford
- a Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado
- b High Plains Intermountain Center for Agricultural Health and Safety , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado
| | - Noa Roman-Muniz
- a Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado
- c Department of Animal Science , Colorado State University, Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado
| | - John Mehaffy
- a Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado
- b High Plains Intermountain Center for Agricultural Health and Safety , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado
| | - Gregory Dooley
- a Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado
- b High Plains Intermountain Center for Agricultural Health and Safety , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado
| | - Jill A Poole
- d University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , Nebraska
| | - Frank M Mitloehner
- e Western Center for Agricultural Health and Safety , UC Davis , Davis , California
| | - Sue Reed
- f Edith Cowan University , Perth , Western Australila , Australia
| | - Marc B Schenker
- e Western Center for Agricultural Health and Safety , UC Davis , Davis , California
| | - Stephen J Reynolds
- a Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado
- b High Plains Intermountain Center for Agricultural Health and Safety , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado
- f Edith Cowan University , Perth , Western Australila , Australia
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13
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Schaeffer JW, Reynolds S, Magzamen S, VanDyke A, Gottel NR, Gilbert JA, Owens SM, Hampton-Marcell JT, Volckens J. Size, Composition, and Source Profiles of Inhalable Bioaerosols from Colorado Dairies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:6430-6440. [PMID: 28492313 PMCID: PMC9552963 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter emissions from agricultural livestock operations contain both chemical and biological constituents that represent a potential human health hazard. The size and composition of these dusts, however, have not been well described. We evaluated the full size distribution (from 0 to 100 μm in aerodynamic diameter) and chemical/biological composition of inhalable dusts inside several Colorado dairy parlors. Four aerodynamic size fractions (<3, 3-10, 10-30, and >30 μm) were collected and analyzed using a combination of physiochemical techniques to understand the structure of bacterial communities and chemical constituents. Airborne particulate mass followed a bimodal size distribution (one mode at 3 μm and a second above 30 μm), which also correlated with the relative concentrations of the following microbiological markers: bacterial endotoxin, 3-hydroxy fatty acids, and muramic acid. Sequencing of the 16S-rRNA components of this aerosol revealed a microbiome derived predominantly from animal sources. Bacterial genera included Staphlyococcus, Pseudomonas, and Streptococcus, all of which have proinflammatory and pathogenic capacity. Our results suggest that the size distribution of bioaerosols emitted by dairy operations extends well above 10 μm in diameter and contains a diverse mixture of potentially hazardous constituents and opportunistic pathogens. These findings should inform the development of more effective emissions control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Neil R Gottel
- The Microbiome Center, Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory , Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- The Microbiome Center, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jack A Gilbert
- The Microbiome Center, Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory , Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- The Microbiome Center, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Sarah M Owens
- The Microbiome Center, Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory , Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jarrad T Hampton-Marcell
- The Microbiome Center, Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory , Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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14
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Murphy D, Ricci A, Auce Z, Beechinor JG, Bergendahl H, Breathnach R, Bureš J, Duarte Da Silva JP, Hederová J, Hekman P, Ibrahim C, Kozhuharov E, Kulcsár G, Lander Persson E, Lenhardsson JM, Mačiulskis P, Malemis I, Markus-Cizelj L, Michaelidou-Patsia A, Nevalainen M, Pasquali P, Rouby JC, Schefferlie J, Schlumbohm W, Schmit M, Spiteri S, Srčič S, Taban L, Tiirats T, Urbain B, Vestergaard EM, Wachnik-Święcicka A, Weeks J, Zemann B, Allende A, Bolton D, Chemaly M, Fernandez Escamez PS, Girones R, Herman L, Koutsoumanis K, Lindqvist R, Nørrung B, Robertson L, Ru G, Sanaa M, Simmons M, Skandamis P, Snary E, Speybroeck N, Ter Kuile B, Wahlström H, Baptiste K, Catry B, Cocconcelli PS, Davies R, Ducrot C, Friis C, Jungersen G, More S, Muñoz Madero C, Sanders P, Bos M, Kunsagi Z, Torren Edo J, Brozzi R, Candiani D, Guerra B, Liebana E, Stella P, Threlfall J, Jukes H. EMA and EFSA Joint Scientific Opinion on measures to reduce the need to use antimicrobial agents in animal husbandry in the European Union, and the resulting impacts on food safety (RONAFA). EFSA J 2017; 15:e04666. [PMID: 32625259 PMCID: PMC7010070 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
EFSA and EMA have jointly reviewed measures taken in the EU to reduce the need for and use of antimicrobials in food-producing animals, and the resultant impacts on antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Reduction strategies have been implemented successfully in some Member States. Such strategies include national reduction targets, benchmarking of antimicrobial use, controls on prescribing and restrictions on use of specific critically important antimicrobials, together with improvements to animal husbandry and disease prevention and control measures. Due to the multiplicity of factors contributing to AMR, the impact of any single measure is difficult to quantify, although there is evidence of an association between reduction in antimicrobial use and reduced AMR. To minimise antimicrobial use, a multifaceted integrated approach should be implemented, adapted to local circumstances. Recommended options (non-prioritised) include: development of national strategies; harmonised systems for monitoring antimicrobial use and AMR development; establishing national targets for antimicrobial use reduction; use of on-farm health plans; increasing the responsibility of veterinarians for antimicrobial prescribing; training, education and raising public awareness; increasing the availability of rapid and reliable diagnostics; improving husbandry and management procedures for disease prevention and control; rethinking livestock production systems to reduce inherent disease risk. A limited number of studies provide robust evidence of alternatives to antimicrobials that positively influence health parameters. Possible alternatives include probiotics and prebiotics, competitive exclusion, bacteriophages, immunomodulators, organic acids and teat sealants. Development of a legislative framework that permits the use of specific products as alternatives should be considered. Further research to evaluate the potential of alternative farming systems on reducing AMR is also recommended. Animals suffering from bacterial infections should only be treated with antimicrobials based on veterinary diagnosis and prescription. Options should be reviewed to phase out most preventive use of antimicrobials and to reduce and refine metaphylaxis by applying recognised alternative measures.
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15
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Soil Conditions That Can Alter Natural Suppression of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Ohio Specialty Crop Soils. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:4634-41. [PMID: 25934621 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00125-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Food-borne pathogen persistence in soil fundamentally affects the production of safe vegetables and small fruits. Interventions that reduce pathogen survival in soil would have positive impacts on food safety by minimizing preharvest contamination entering the food chain. Laboratory-controlled studies determined the effects of soil pH, moisture content, and soil organic matter (SOM) on the survivability of this pathogen through the creation of single-parameter gradients. Longitudinal field-based studies were conducted in Ohio to quantify the extent to which field soils suppressed Escherichia coli O157:H7 survival. In all experiments, heat-sensitive microorganisms were responsible for the suppression of E. coli O157 in soil regardless of the chemical composition of the soil. In laboratory-based studies, soil pH and moisture content were primary drivers of E. coli O157 survival, with increases in pH after 48 h (P = 0.02) and decreases in moisture content after 48 h (P = 0.007) significantly increasing the log reduction of E. coli O157 numbers. In field-based experiments, E. coli O157 counts from both heated and unheated samples were sensitive to both season (P = 0.004 for heated samples and P = 0.001 for unheated samples) and region (P = 0.002 for heated samples and P = 0.001 for unheated samples). SOM was observed to be a more significant driver of pathogen suppression than the other two factors after 48 h at both planting and harvest (P = 0.002 at planting and P = 0.058 at harvest). This research reinforces the need for both laboratory-controlled experiments and longitudinal field-based experiments to unravel the complex relationships controlling the survival of introduced organisms in soil.
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16
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Crossland WL, Callaway TR, Tedeschi LO. Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli and Ruminant Diets. Food Saf (Tokyo) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800245-2.00010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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17
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Reynolds SJ, Nonnenmann MW, Basinas I, Davidson M, Elfman L, Gordon J, Kirychuck S, Reed S, Schaeffer JW, Schenker MB, Schlünssen V, Sigsgaard T. Systematic review of respiratory health among dairy workers. J Agromedicine 2014; 18:219-43. [PMID: 23844790 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2013.797374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The dairy industry is changing on a global scale with larger, more efficient operations. The impact of this change on worker health and safety, specifically, associations between occupational lung disease and inhalation exposures, has yet to be reported in a comprehensive review of the scientific literature. Therefore, a three-tier process was used to identify information using a keyword search of online databases of scientific literature. Of the 147 citations reviewed, 52 met initial screening criteria, and 30 were included in this review. Dairy workers experience lung conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, chronic bronchitis, and cancer. Recent pulmonary function studies have identified obstructive lung changes among dairy farm workers. The increased scale of dairy production with significant changes in technology and work practices has altered inhalation exposure patterns among dairy workers. The inhalation exposure in the dairy work environment may elicit differing inflammatory responses in relation to timing of initial exposure as well as to repeated exposures. Few studies have measured inhalation exposure while simultaneously assessing the impact of the exposure on lung function of dairy farm workers. Even fewer studies have been implemented to assess the impact of aerosol control technology to reduce inhalation exposure. Future research should evaluate worker exposure to aerosols through a task-based approach while utilizing novel methods to assess inhalation exposure and associated inflammatory responses. Finally, potential solutions should be developed and tested to reduce inhalation exposure to inflammatory agents and respiratory diseases in the dairy farm work environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Reynolds
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
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18
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Wang H, Ibekwe AM, Ma J, Wu L, Lou J, Wu Z, Liu R, Xu J, Yates SR. A glimpse of Escherichia coli O157:H7 survival in soils from eastern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 476-477:49-56. [PMID: 24463024 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7) is an important food-borne pathogen, which continues to be a major public health concern worldwide. It is known that E. coli O157:H7 survive in soil environment might result in the contamination of fresh produce or water source. To investigate how the soils and their properties affect E. coli O157:H7 survival, we studied E. coli O157:H7 survival dynamics in 14 soils collected in eastern China from the warm-temperate zone to subtropical zone. Results showed that E. coli O157:H7 survival as a function of time can be well described by the Weibull model. The calculated td values (survival time to reach the detection limit, 100 colony forming units per gram oven-dried weight of soil) for the test soils were between 1.4 and 25.8 days. A significantly longer survival time (td) was observed in neutral or alkaline soils from north-eastern China (the warm-temperate zone) than that in acidic soils from south-eastern China (the subtropical zone). Distinct E. coli O157:H7 survival dynamics was related to soil properties. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that the td values were significantly enhanced by soil microbial biomass carbon and total nitrogen, but were significantly reduced by amorphous Al2O3 and relative abundance of Chloroflexi. It should pay more attention to E. coli O157:H7 long survival in soils and its potential environmental contamination risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhen Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil and Plant Nutrition, College of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; USDA-ARS, U.S. Salinity Laboratory, Riverside, CA 92507, USA; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - A Mark Ibekwe
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Salinity Laboratory, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
| | - Jincai Ma
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Salinity Laboratory, Riverside, CA 92507, USA; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Laosheng Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil and Plant Nutrition, College of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jun Lou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil and Plant Nutrition, College of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhigang Wu
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Renyi Liu
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jianming Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil and Plant Nutrition, College of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Scott R Yates
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Salinity Laboratory, Riverside, CA 92507, USA.
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Zhang T, Wang H, Wu L, Lou J, Wu J, Brookes PC, Xu J. Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in soils from Jiangsu Province, China. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81178. [PMID: 24312534 PMCID: PMC3846838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7) is recognized as a hazardous microorganism in the environment and for public health. The E. coli O157:H7 survival dynamics were investigated in 12 representative soils from Jiangsu Province, where the largest E. coli O157:H7 infection in China occurred. It was observed that E. coli O157:H7 declined rapidly in acidic soils (pH, 4.57 – 5.14) but slowly in neutral soils (pH, 6.51 – 7.39). The survival dynamics were well described by the Weibull model, with the calculated td value (survival time of the culturable E. coli O157:H7 needed to reach the detection limit of 100 CFU g−1) from 4.57 days in an acidic soil (pH, 4.57) to 34.34 days in a neutral soil (pH, 6.77). Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that soil pH and soil organic carbon favored E. coli O157:H7 survival, while a high initial ratio of Gram-negative bacteria phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) to Gram-positive bacteria PLFAs, and high content of exchangeable potassium inhibited E. coli O157:H7 survival. Principal component analysis clearly showed that the survival profiles in soils with high pH were different from those with low pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoxiang Zhang
- College of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil and Plant Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haizhen Wang
- College of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil and Plant Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (HW); (JX)
| | - Laosheng Wu
- College of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil and Plant Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Lou
- College of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil and Plant Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Wu
- College of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil and Plant Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Philip C. Brookes
- College of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil and Plant Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- College of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil and Plant Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (HW); (JX)
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20
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Interaction between the microbial community and invading Escherichia coli O157:H7 in soils from vegetable fields. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 80:70-6. [PMID: 24123745 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03046-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in soils can contaminate vegetables, fruits, drinking water, etc. However, data on the impact of E. coli O157:H7 on soil microbial communities are limited. In this study, we monitored the changes in the indigenous microbial community by using the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) method to investigate the interaction of the soil microbial community with E. coli O157:H7 in soils. Simple correlation analysis showed that the survival of E. coli O157:H7 in the test soils was negatively correlated with the ratio of Gram-negative (G(-)) to Gram-positive (G(+)) bacterial PLFAs (G(-)/G(+) ratio). In particular, levels of 14 PLFAs were negatively correlated with the survival time of E. coli O157:H7. The contents of actinomycetous and fungal PLFAs in the test soils declined significantly (P, <0.05) after 25 days of incubation with E. coli O157:H7. The G(-)/G(+) ratio declined slightly, while the ratio of bacterial to fungal PLFAs (B/F ratio) and the ratio of normal saturated PLFAs to monounsaturated PLFAs (S/M ratio) increased, after E. coli O157:H7 inoculation. Principal component analysis results further indicated that invasion by E. coli O157:H7 had some effects on the soil microbial community. Our data revealed that the toxicity of E. coli O157:H7 presents not only in its pathogenicity but also in its effect on soil microecology. Hence, close attention should be paid to the survival of E. coli O157:H7 and its potential for contaminating soils.
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21
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Ma J, Ibekwe AM, Yang CH, Crowley DE. Influence of bacterial communities based on 454-pyrosequencing on the survival ofEscherichia coliO157:H7 in soils. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2013; 84:542-54. [DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ching-Hong Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Wisconsin; Milwaukee; WI; USA
| | - David E. Crowley
- Department of Environmental Sciences; University of California; Riverside; CA; USA
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22
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van Elsas JD, Chiurazzi M, Mallon CA, Elhottova D, Kristufek V, Salles JF. Microbial diversity determines the invasion of soil by a bacterial pathogen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:1159-64. [PMID: 22232669 PMCID: PMC3268289 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1109326109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 477] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural ecosystems show variable resistance to invasion by alien species, and this resistance can relate to the species diversity in the system. In soil, microorganisms are key components that determine life support functions, but the functional redundancy in the microbiota of most soils has long been thought to overwhelm microbial diversity-function relationships. We here show an inverse relationship between soil microbial diversity and survival of the invading species Escherichia coli O157:H7, assessed by using the marked derivative strain T. The invader's fate in soil was determined in the presence of (i) differentially constructed culturable bacterial communities, and (ii) microbial communities established using a dilution-to-extinction approach. Both approaches revealed a negative correlation between the diversity of the soil microbiota and survival of the invader. The relationship could be explained by a decrease in the competitive ability of the invader in species-rich vs. species-poor bacterial communities, reflected in the amount of resources used and the rate of their consumption. Soil microbial diversity is a key factor that controls the extent to which bacterial invaders can establish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Dirk van Elsas
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Center for Evolutionary and Ecological Studies, University of Groningen, 9700 CC, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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van Elsas JD, Chiurazzi M, Mallon CA, Elhottova D, Kristufek V, Salles JF. Microbial diversity determines the invasion of soil by a bacterial pathogen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:1159-1164. [PMID: 22232669 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural ecosystems show variable resistance to invasion by alien species, and this resistance can relate to the species diversity in the system. In soil, microorganisms are key components that determine life support functions, but the functional redundancy in the microbiota of most soils has long been thought to overwhelm microbial diversity-function relationships. We here show an inverse relationship between soil microbial diversity and survival of the invading species Escherichia coli O157:H7, assessed by using the marked derivative strain T. The invader's fate in soil was determined in the presence of (i) differentially constructed culturable bacterial communities, and (ii) microbial communities established using a dilution-to-extinction approach. Both approaches revealed a negative correlation between the diversity of the soil microbiota and survival of the invader. The relationship could be explained by a decrease in the competitive ability of the invader in species-rich vs. species-poor bacterial communities, reflected in the amount of resources used and the rate of their consumption. Soil microbial diversity is a key factor that controls the extent to which bacterial invaders can establish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Dirk van Elsas
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Center for Evolutionary and Ecological Studies, University of Groningen, 9700 CC, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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