1
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Lee JI, Kim SS, Kang DH. Stress response of Salmonella Montevideo adapted to red pepper powders at various humidities and resistance to near-infrared heating. Food Res Int 2022; 162:111972. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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2
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Delineating biosynthesis of Huperzine A, A plant-derived medicine for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 60:108026. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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3
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Chen L, Zhao X, Li R, Yang H. Integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics reveal the adaptive responses of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium to thyme and cinnamon oils. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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4
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Iwadate Y, Ramezanifard R, Golubeva YA, Fenlon LA, Slauch JM. PaeA (YtfL) protects from cadaverine and putrescine stress in Salmonella Typhimurium and E. coli. Mol Microbiol 2021; 115:1379-1394. [PMID: 33481283 PMCID: PMC10923242 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella and E. coli synthesize, import, and export cadaverine, putrescine, and spermidine to maintain physiological levels and provide pH homeostasis. Both low and high intracellular levels of polyamines confer pleiotropic phenotypes or lethality. Here, we demonstrate that the previously uncharacterized inner membrane protein PaeA (YtfL) is required for reducing cytoplasmic cadaverine and putrescine concentrations. We identified paeA as a gene involved in stationary phase survival when cells were initially grown in acidic medium, in which they produce cadaverine. The paeA mutant is also sensitive to putrescine, but not to spermidine or spermine. Sensitivity to external cadaverine in stationary phase is only observed at pH > 8, suggesting that the polyamines need to be deprotonated to passively diffuse into the cell cytoplasm. In the absence of PaeA, intracellular polyamine levels increase and the cells lose viability. Degradation or modification of the polyamines is not relevant. Ectopic expression of the known cadaverine exporter, CadB, in stationary phase partially suppresses the paeA phenotype, and overexpression of PaeA in exponential phase partially complements a cadB mutant grown in acidic medium. These data support the hypothesis that PaeA is a cadaverine/putrescine exporter, reducing potentially toxic levels under certain stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Iwadate
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 601 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Rouhallah Ramezanifard
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 601 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Yekaterina A. Golubeva
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 601 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Luke A. Fenlon
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 601 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Current address: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, 30 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132
| | - James M. Slauch
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 601 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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5
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Kim SH, Chelliah R, Ramakrishnan SR, Perumal AS, Bang WS, Rubab M, Daliri EBM, Barathikannan K, Elahi F, Park E, Jo HY, Hwang SB, Oh DH. Review on Stress Tolerance in Campylobacter jejuni. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:596570. [PMID: 33614524 PMCID: PMC7890702 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.596570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. are the leading global cause of bacterial colon infections in humans. Enteropathogens are subjected to several stress conditions in the host colon, food complexes, and the environment. Species of the genus Campylobacter, in collective interactions with certain enteropathogens, can manage and survive such stress conditions. The stress-adaptation mechanisms of Campylobacter spp. diverge from other enteropathogenic bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, S. enterica ser. Paratyphi, S. enterica ser. Typhimurium, and species of the genera Klebsiella and Shigella. This review summarizes the different mechanisms of various stress-adaptive factors on the basis of species diversity in Campylobacter, including their response to various stress conditions that enhance their ability to survive on different types of food and in adverse environmental conditions. Understanding how these stress adaptation mechanisms in Campylobacter, and other enteric bacteria, are used to overcome various challenging environments facilitates the fight against resistance mechanisms in Campylobacter spp., and aids the development of novel therapeutics to control Campylobacter in both veterinary and human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Hun Kim
- Food Microbiology Division, Food Safety Evaluation Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongju, South Korea.,College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Ramachandran Chelliah
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Sudha Rani Ramakrishnan
- School of Food Science, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | | | - Woo-Suk Bang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology and Kinesiology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Momna Rubab
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Eric Banan-Mwine Daliri
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Kaliyan Barathikannan
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Fazle Elahi
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Eunji Park
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Yeong Jo
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Su-Bin Hwang
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Deog Hwan Oh
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
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6
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Clarithromycin Exerts an Antibiofilm Effect against Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium rdar Biofilm Formation and Transforms the Physiology towards an Apparent Oxygen-Depleted Energy and Carbon Metabolism. Infect Immun 2020; 88:IAI.00510-20. [PMID: 32839186 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00510-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon biofilm formation, production of extracellular matrix components and alteration in physiology and metabolism allows bacteria to build up multicellular communities which can facilitate nutrient acquisition during unfavorable conditions and provide protection toward various forms of environmental stresses to individual cells. Thus, bacterial cells within biofilms become tolerant against antimicrobials and the immune system. In the present study, we evaluated the antibiofilm activity of the macrolides clarithromycin and azithromycin. Clarithromycin showed antibiofilm activity against rdar (red, dry, and rough) biofilm formation of the gastrointestinal pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028 (Nalr) at a 1.56 μM subinhibitory concentration in standing culture and dissolved cell aggregates at 15 μM in a microaerophilic environment, suggesting that the oxygen level affects the activity of the drug. Treatment with clarithromycin significantly decreased transcription and production of the rdar biofilm activator CsgD, with biofilm genes such as csgB and adrA to be concomitantly downregulated. Although fliA and other flagellar regulon genes were upregulated, apparent motility was downregulated. RNA sequencing showed a holistic cell response upon clarithromycin exposure, whereby not only genes involved in the biofilm-related regulatory pathways but also genes that likely contribute to intrinsic antimicrobial resistance, and the heat shock stress response were differentially regulated. Most significantly, clarithromycin exposure shifted the cells toward an apparent oxygen- and energy-depleted status, whereby the metabolism that channels into oxidative phosphorylation was downregulated, and energy gain by degradation of propane 1,2-diol, ethanolamine and l-arginine catabolism, potentially also to prevent cytosolic acidification, was upregulated. This analysis will allow the subsequent identification of novel intrinsic antimicrobial resistance determinants.
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7
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Kim S, Lee YH. Impact of small RNA RaoN on nitrosative-oxidative stress resistance and virulence of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. J Microbiol 2020; 58:499-506. [PMID: 32279276 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-020-0027-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
RaoN is a Salmonella-specific small RNA that is encoded in the cspH-envE intergenic region on Salmonella pathogenicity island-11. We previously reported that RaoN is induced under conditions of acid and oxidative stress combined with nutrient limitation, contributing to the intramacrophage growth of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. However, the role of RaoN in nitrosative stress response and virulence has not yet been elucidated. Here we show that the raoN mutant strain has increased susceptibility to nitrosative stress by using a nitric oxide generating acidified nitrite. Extending previous research on the role of RaoN in oxidative stress resistance, we found that NADPH oxidase inhibition restores the growth of the raoN mutant in LPS-treated J774A.1 macrophages. Flow cytometry analysis further revealed that the inactivation of raoN leads to an increase in the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Salmonella-infected macrophages, suggesting that RaoN is involved in the inhibition of NADPH oxidase-mediated ROS production by mechanisms not yet resolved. Moreover, we evaluated the effect of raoN mutation on the virulence in murine systemic infection and determined that the raoN mutant is less virulent than the wild-type strain following oral inoculation. In conclusion, small regulatory RNA RaoN controls nitrosative-oxidative stress resistance and is required for virulence of Salmonella in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinyeon Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Heon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Dongseo University, Busan, 47011, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Duan H, Gao S, Li X, Ab Hamid NH, Jiang G, Zheng M, Bai X, Bond PL, Lu X, Chislett MM, Hu S, Ye L, Yuan Z. Improving wastewater management using free nitrous acid (FNA). WATER RESEARCH 2020; 171:115382. [PMID: 31855696 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Free nitrous acid (FNA), the protonated form of nitrite, has historically been an unwanted substance in wastewater systems due to its inhibition on a wide range of microorganisms. However, in recent years, advanced understanding of FNA inhibitory and biocidal effects on microorganisms has led to the development of a series of FNA-based applications that improve wastewater management practices. FNA has been used in sewer systems to control sewer corrosion and odor; in wastewater treatment to achieve carbon and energy efficient nitrogen removal; in sludge management to improve the sludge reduction and energy recovery; in membrane systems to address membrane fouling; and in wastewater algae systems to facilitate algae harvesting. This paper aims to comprehensively and critically review the current status of FNA-based applications in improving wastewater management. The underlying mechanisms of FNA inhibitory and biocidal effects are also reviewed and discussed. Knowledge gaps and current limitations of the FNA-based applications are identified; and perspectives on the development of FNA-based applications are discussed. We conclude that the FNA-based technologies have great potential for enhancing the performance of wastewater systems; however, further development and demonstration at larger scales are still required for their wider applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Duan
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia; School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Shuhong Gao
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, United States
| | - Xuan Li
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Nur Hafizah Ab Hamid
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Guangming Jiang
- School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Min Zheng
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Xue Bai
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Philip L Bond
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Xuanyu Lu
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia; School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Mariella M Chislett
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Shihu Hu
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Liu Ye
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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9
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Schierstaedt J, Jechalke S, Nesme J, Neuhaus K, Sørensen SJ, Grosch R, Smalla K, Schikora A. Salmonella
persistence in soil depends on reciprocal interactions with indigenous microorganisms. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:2639-2652. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Schierstaedt
- Plant‐Microbe SystemsLeibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Großbeeren Germany
| | - Sven Jechalke
- Institute for Phytopathology, Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University Giessen Giessen Germany
| | - Joseph Nesme
- Section of Microbiology, Department of BiologyUniversity of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Klaus Neuhaus
- ZIEL ‐ Institute for Food & Health, Core Facility Microbiome/NGS, Technische Universität München Freising Germany
| | - Søren J. Sørensen
- Section of Microbiology, Department of BiologyUniversity of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Rita Grosch
- Plant‐Microbe SystemsLeibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Großbeeren Germany
| | - Kornelia Smalla
- Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kühn‐Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants Braunschweig Germany
| | - Adam Schikora
- Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kühn‐Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants Braunschweig Germany
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10
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Transcriptomics: A powerful tool to evaluate the behavior of foodborne pathogens in the food production chain. Food Res Int 2019; 125:108543. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Jechalke S, Schierstaedt J, Becker M, Flemer B, Grosch R, Smalla K, Schikora A. Salmonella Establishment in Agricultural Soil and Colonization of Crop Plants Depend on Soil Type and Plant Species. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:967. [PMID: 31156568 PMCID: PMC6529577 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pathogenic bacteria, such as Salmonella enterica, are able to colonize crop plants. So far, not much is known about biotic and abiotic factors influencing this colonization in field soil. This understanding, however, is imperative for the provision of safe fresh produce to the consumer. In this study, we investigated the effects of soil type, organic fertilization, plant species and the way of Salmonella entry into the plant production system, on the survival of S. enterica in soil as well as the colonization of plants. The selected S. enterica serovar Typhimurium strain 14028s, S. Typhimurium strain LT2 and S. Senftenberg were able to persist in soil for several weeks. Salmonella's persistence in soil was prolonged in loamy, if compared to sandy soil, and when applied together with organic fertilizer. The leaves of lettuce and corn salad were colonized by S. enterica providing evidence for internalization from the soil via the root. Colonization rates were affected by soil type, plant species and S. enterica strain. Overall, S. enterica was detected in leaves of 0.5-0.9% of the plants, while lettuce was more frequently colonized than corn salad. Plants grown in sandy soil were more often colonized than plants grown in loamy soil. After spray inoculation, S. enterica could be detected on and in leaves for several weeks by cultivation-depending methods, confirmed by confocal microscopy using GFP-labeled S. Typhimurium 14028s. On the one hand, transcriptome data from S. Typhimurium 14028s assessed in response to lettuce medium or lettuce root exudates showed an upregulation of genes associated with biofilm formation and virulence. On the other hand, lettuce inoculated with S. Typhimurium 14028s showed a strong upregulation of genes associated with plant immune response and genes related to stress response. In summary, these results showed that organic fertilizers can increase the persistence of Salmonella in soil and that soil type and plant species play a crucial role in the interactions between human pathogens and crop plants. This understanding is therefore a starting point for new strategies to provide safe food for the consumer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Jechalke
- Institute for Phytopathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Jasper Schierstaedt
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Plant-Microbe Systems, Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Marlies Becker
- Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Burkhardt Flemer
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Plant-Microbe Systems, Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Rita Grosch
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Plant-Microbe Systems, Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Kornelia Smalla
- Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Adam Schikora
- Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Braunschweig, Germany
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12
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Geng S, Wang Y, Xue Y, Wang H, Cai Y, Zhang J, Barrow P, Pan Z, Jiao X. The SseL protein inhibits the intracellular NF-κB pathway to enhance the virulence of Salmonella Pullorum in a chicken model. Microb Pathog 2019; 129:1-6. [PMID: 30703474 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
To persist in the host, Salmonella is known to facultatively parasitize cells to escape the immune response. Intracellular Salmonella enterica can replicate using effector proteins translocated across the Salmonella-containing vacuolar membrane via a type III secretion system (T3SS) encoded by Salmonella pathogenicity island-2 (SPI-2). One of these factors, Salmonella secreted factor L (SseL), is a deubiquitinase that contributes to the virulence of Salmonella Typhimurium in mice by inhibiting the cellular NF-κB inflammatory pathway. However, the nature of its effect on the NF-κB pathway is controversial, and little research has been performed in other animal models. In this study, the SseL of Salmonella Pullorum was studied, and chickens were used as an infection model. An sseL gene deletion strain, a complementation strain and a eukaryotic expression plasmid were used to clarify the means by which SseL regulates Salmonella virulence and the cellular inflammatory response. SseL significantly enhanced the virulence of Salmonella Pullorum in chickens and suppressed activation of the cellular NF-κB pathway, thus inhibiting cellular inflammatory cytokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhong Geng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Yaonan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Ying Xue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Huqiang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yuan Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Paul Barrow
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Zhiming Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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13
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Lamas A, Paz-Mendez AM, Regal P, Vazquez B, Miranda JM, Cepeda A, Franco CM. Food preservatives influence biofilm formation, gene expression and small RNAs in Salmonella enterica. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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14
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Christieans S, Picgirard L, Parafita E, Lebert A, Gregori T. Impact of reducing nitrate/nitrite levels on the behavior of Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes in French dry fermented sausages. Meat Sci 2018; 137:160-167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2017.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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15
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Abstract
The adaptations that protect pathogenic microorganisms against the cytotoxicity of nitric oxide (NO) engendered in the immune response are incompletely understood. We show here that salmonellae experiencing nitrosative stress suffer dramatic losses of the nucleoside triphosphates ATP, GTP, CTP, and UTP while simultaneously generating a massive burst of the alarmone nucleotide guanosine tetraphosphate. RelA proteins associated with ribosomes overwhelmingly synthesize guanosine tetraphosphate in response to NO as a feedback mechanism to transient branched-chain amino acid auxotrophies. Guanosine tetraphosphate activates the transcription of valine biosynthetic genes, thereby reestablishing branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis that enables the translation of the NO-consuming flavohemoglobin Hmp. Guanosine tetraphosphate synthesized by RelA protects salmonellae from the metabolic stress inflicted by reactive nitrogen species generated in the mammalian host response. This research illustrates the importance of nucleotide metabolism in the adaptation of salmonellae to the nutritional stress imposed by NO released in the innate host response. Nitric oxide triggers dramatic drops in nucleoside triphosphates, the building blocks that power DNA replication; RNA transcription; translation; cell division; and the biosynthesis of fatty acids, lipopolysaccharide, and peptidoglycan. Concomitantly, this diatomic gas stimulates a burst of guanosine tetraphosphate. Global changes in nucleotide metabolism may contribute to the potent bacteriostatic activity of nitric oxide. In addition to inhibiting numerous growth-dependent processes, guanosine tetraphosphate positively regulates the transcription of branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis genes, thereby facilitating the translation of antinitrosative defenses that mediate recovery from nitrosative stress.
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16
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Heterogeneity of Salmonella-host interactions in infected host tissues. Curr Opin Microbiol 2017; 39:57-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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17
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Jia K, Wang G, Liang L, Wang M, Wang H, Xu X. Preliminary Transcriptome Analysis of Mature Biofilm and Planktonic Cells of Salmonella Enteritidis Exposure to Acid Stress. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1861. [PMID: 29018430 PMCID: PMC5622974 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella has emerged as a well-recognized food-borne pathogen, with many strains able to form biofilms and thus cause cross-contamination in food processing environments where acid-based disinfectants are widely encountered. In the present study, RNA sequencing was employed to establish complete transcriptome profiles of Salmonella Enteritidis in the forms of planktonic and biofilm-associated cells cultured in Tryptic Soytone Broth (TSB) and acidic TSB (aTSB). The gene expression patterns of S. Enteritidis significantly differed between biofilm-associated and planktonic cells cultivated under the same conditions. The assembled transcriptome of S. Enteritidis in this study contained 5,442 assembled transcripts, including 3,877 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified in biofilm and planktonic cells. These DEGs were enriched in terms such as regulation of biological process, metabolic process, macromolecular complex, binding and transferase activity, which may play crucial roles in the biofilm formation of S. Enteritidis cultivated in aTSB. Three significant pathways were observed to be enriched under acidic conditions: bacterial chemotaxis, porphyrin-chlorophyll metabolism and sulfur metabolism. In addition, 15 differentially expressed novel non-coding small RNAs (sRNAs) were identified, and only one was found to be up-regulated in mature biofilms. This preliminary study of the S. Enteritidis transcriptome serves as a basis for future investigations examining the complex network systems that regulate Salmonella biofilm in acidic environments, which provide information on biofilm formation and acid stress interaction that may facilitate the development of novel disinfection procedures in the food processing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Jia
- National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijiao Liang
- National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Wang
- National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huhu Wang
- National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinglian Xu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Ferrari E, Walter MC, Huptas C, Scherer S, Müller-Herbst S. Complete Circular Genome Sequence and Temperature Independent Adaptation to Anaerobiosis of Listeria weihenstephanensis DSM 24698. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1672. [PMID: 28919887 PMCID: PMC5585140 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the adaptation of the environmental Listeria weihenstephanensis DSM 24698 to anaerobiosis. The complete circular genome sequence of this species is reported and the adaptation of L. weihenstephanensis DSM 24698 to oxygen availability was investigated by global transcriptional analyses via RNAseq at 18 and 34°C. A list of operons was created based on the transcriptional data. Forty-two genes were upregulated anaerobically and 62 genes were downregulated anaerobically. The oxygen dependent gene expression of selected genes was further validated via qPCR. Many of the differentially regulated genes encode metabolic enzymes indicating broad metabolic adaptations with respect to oxygen availability. Genes showing the strongest oxygen-dependent adaption encoded nitrate (narGHJI) and nitrite (nirBD) reductases. Together with the observation that nitrate supported anaerobic growth, these data indicate that L. weihenstephanensis DSM 24698 performs anaerobic nitrate respiration. The wide overlap between the oxygen-dependent transcriptional regulation at 18 and 34°C suggest that temperature does not play a key role in the oxygen-dependent transcriptional regulation of L. weihenstephanensis DSM 24698.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ferrari
- Chair of Microbial Ecology, Technische Universität MünchenFreising, Germany
- ZIEL—Institute for Food & Health, Technische Universität MünchenFreising, Germany
| | - Mathias C. Walter
- Department of Genome-Oriented Bioinformatics, Technische Universität MünchenFreising, Germany
| | - Christopher Huptas
- Chair of Microbial Ecology, Technische Universität MünchenFreising, Germany
- ZIEL—Institute for Food & Health, Technische Universität MünchenFreising, Germany
| | - Siegfried Scherer
- Chair of Microbial Ecology, Technische Universität MünchenFreising, Germany
- ZIEL—Institute for Food & Health, Technische Universität MünchenFreising, Germany
| | - Stefanie Müller-Herbst
- Chair of Microbial Ecology, Technische Universität MünchenFreising, Germany
- ZIEL—Institute for Food & Health, Technische Universität MünchenFreising, Germany
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Das G, Das S, Dutta S, Ghosh I. In silico identification and characterization of stress and virulence associated repeats in Salmonella. Genomics 2017; 110:23-34. [PMID: 28827093 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
So much genomic similarities yet causing different diseases, is like a paradox in Salmonella biology. Repeat is one of the probes that can explain such differences. Here, a comparative genomics approach is followed to identify and characterize repeats that might play role in adaptation and pathogenesis. Repeats are non-randomly distributed in the genomes except few typhoid causing strains. Perfect long repeats are rare compare to polymorphic ones and both are statistically consistent. Significant differences in repeat densities in stress related genes manifest its probable participation in survival and virulence. 573 and 1053 repeat loci have been identified which are exclusively associated with stress and virulent genes respectively. In Salmonella Typhi, an octameric VNTR locus is found in between acrD and yffB genes having more than 25 perfect copies across Salmonella Typhi but possesses only single copy in other serovars. This repeat can be used as a diagnostic probe for typhoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gourab Das
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Mehrauli Road, Munirka, New Delhi, Delhi 110067, India
| | - Surojit Das
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED), P-33, C.I.T. Road, Scheme XM, Beleghata, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Shanta Dutta
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED), P-33, C.I.T. Road, Scheme XM, Beleghata, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Indira Ghosh
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Mehrauli Road, Munirka, New Delhi, Delhi 110067, India.
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Antimicrobial Effects of Free Nitrous Acid on Desulfovibrio vulgaris: Implications for Sulfide-Induced Corrosion of Concrete. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:5563-75. [PMID: 27371588 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01655-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide produced by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in sewers causes odor problems and asset deterioration due to the sulfide-induced concrete corrosion. Free nitrous acid (FNA) was recently demonstrated as a promising antimicrobial agent to alleviate hydrogen sulfide production in sewers. However, details of the antimicrobial mechanisms of FNA are largely unknown. Here, we report the multiple-targeted antimicrobial effects of FNA on the SRB Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough by determining the growth, physiological, and gene expression responses to FNA exposure. The activities of growth, respiration, and ATP generation were inhibited when exposed to FNA. These changes were reflected in the transcript levels detected during exposure. The removal of FNA was evident by nitrite reduction that likely involved nitrite reductase and the poorly characterized hybrid cluster protein, and the genes coding for these proteins were highly expressed. During FNA exposure, lowered ribosome activity and protein production were detected. Additionally, conditions within the cells were more oxidizing, and there was evidence of oxidative stress. Based on an interpretation of the measured responses, we present a model depicting the antimicrobial effects of FNA on D. vulgaris These findings provide new insight for understanding the responses of D. vulgaris to FNA and will provide a foundation for optimal application of this antimicrobial agent for improved control of sewer corrosion and odor management.IMPORTANCE Hydrogen sulfide produced by SRB in sewers causes odor problems and results in serious deterioration of sewer assets that requires very costly and demanding rehabilitation. Currently, there is successful application of the antimicrobial agent free nitrous acid (FNA), the protonated form of nitrite, for the control of sulfide levels in sewers (G. Jiang et al., Water Res 47:4331-4339, 2013, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2013.05.024). However, the details of the antimicrobial mechanisms of FNA are largely unknown. In this study, we identified the key responses (decreased anaerobic respiration, reducing FNA, combating oxidative stress, and shutting down protein synthesis) of Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough, a model sewer corrosion bacterium, to FNA exposure by examining the growth, physiological, and gene expression changes. These findings provide new insight and underpinning knowledge for understanding the responses of D. vulgaris to FNA exposure, thereby benefiting the practical application of FNA for improved control of sewer corrosion and odor.
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Gao SH, Fan L, Peng L, Guo J, Agulló-Barceló M, Yuan Z, Bond PL. Determining Multiple Responses of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 to an Antimicrobial Agent, Free Nitrous Acid. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:5305-5312. [PMID: 27116299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Free nitrous acid (FNA) has recently been demonstrated as an antimicrobial agent on a range of micro-organisms, especially in wastewater-treatment systems. However, the antimicrobial mechanism of FNA is largely unknown. Here, we report that the antimicrobial effects of FNA are multitargeted. The response of a model denitrifier, Pseudomnas aeruginosa PAO1 (PAO1), common in wastewater treatment, was investigated in the absence and presence of inhibitory level of FNA (0.1 mg N/L) under anaerobic denitrifying conditions. This was achieved through coupling gene expression analysis, by RNA sequencing, and with a suite of physiological analyses. Various transcripts exhibited significant changes in abundance in the presence of FNA. Respiration was likely inhibited because denitrification activity was severely depleted, and decreased transcript levels of most denitrification genes occurred. As a consequence, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle was inhibited due to the lowered cellular redox state in the FNA-exposed cultures. Meanwhile, during FNA exposure, PAO1 rerouted its carbon metabolic pathway from the TCA cycle to pyruvate fermentation with acetate as the end product as a possible survival mechanism. Additionally, protein synthesis was significantly decreased, and ribosome preservation was evident. These findings improve our understanding of PAO1 in response to FNA and contribute toward the potential application for use of FNA as an antimicrobial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hong Gao
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Lu Fan
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
- iCarbonX , Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Lai Peng
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University , Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Jianhua Guo
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Míriam Agulló-Barceló
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Philip L Bond
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
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Müller-Herbst S, Wüstner S, Kabisch J, Pichner R, Scherer S. Acidified nitrite inhibits proliferation of Listeria monocytogenes - Transcriptional analysis of a preservation method. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 226:33-41. [PMID: 27017279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sodium nitrite (NaNO2) is added as a preservative during raw meat processing such as raw sausage production to inhibit growth of pathogenic bacteria. In the present study it was shown in challenge assays that the addition of sodium nitrite indeed inhibited growth and survival of Listeria monocytogenes in short-ripened spreadable raw sausages. Furthermore, in vitro growth analyses were performed, which took into account combinations of various parameters of the raw sausage ripening process like temperature, oxygen availability, pH, NaCl concentration, and absence or presence of NaNO2. Data based on 300 growth conditions revealed that the inhibitory effect of nitrite was most prominent in combination with acidification, a combination that is also achieved during short-ripened spreadable raw sausage production. At pH6.0 and below, L. monocytogenes was unable to replicate in the presence of 200mg/l NaNO2. During the adaptation of L. monocytogenes to acidified nitrite stress (pH6.0, 200mg/l NaNO2) in comparison to acid exposure only (pH6.0, 0mg/l NaNO2), a massive transcriptional adaptation was observed using microarray analyses. In total, 202 genes were up-regulated and 204 genes were down-regulated. In accordance with growth inhibition, a down-regulation of genes encoding for proteins which are involved in central cellular processes, like cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis, translation and ribosomal structure and biogenesis, transcription, and replication, recombination and repair, was observed. Among the up-regulated genes the most prominent group belonged to poorly characterized genes. A considerable fraction of the up-regulated genes has been shown previously to be up-regulated intracellularly in macrophages, after exposure to acid shock or to be part of the SigB regulon. These data indicate that the adaptation to acidified nitrite partly overlaps with the adaptation to stress conditions being present during host colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Müller-Herbst
- Lehrstuhl für Mikrobielle Ökologie, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85350 Freising, Germany; Zentralinstitut für Ernährungs- und Lebensmittelforschung (ZIEL), Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85350 Freising, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Wüstner
- Lehrstuhl für Mikrobielle Ökologie, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85350 Freising, Germany.
| | - Jan Kabisch
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, MRI, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Ernährung und Lebensmittel, E.-C.-Baumann-Str. 20, 95326 Kulmbach, Germany.
| | - Rohtraud Pichner
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, MRI, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Ernährung und Lebensmittel, E.-C.-Baumann-Str. 20, 95326 Kulmbach, Germany.
| | - Siegfried Scherer
- Lehrstuhl für Mikrobielle Ökologie, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85350 Freising, Germany; Zentralinstitut für Ernährungs- und Lebensmittelforschung (ZIEL), Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85350 Freising, Germany.
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