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Foresman D, Tartar A. The transcriptome of the entomopathogenic fungus Culicinomyces clavisporus contains an ortholog of the insecticidal ribotoxin Hirsutellin. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16259. [PMID: 37868071 PMCID: PMC10586291 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The entomopathogenic fungus Culicinomyces clavisporus is known to infect and kill mosquito larvae and therefore has been seen as a potential biological control agent against disease vector mosquitoes. Whereas most fungal entomopathogens infect hosts by penetrating the external cuticle, C. clavisporus initiates infection through ingestion (per os). This unique infection strategy suggests that the C. clavisporus genome may be mined for novel pathogenicity factors with potential for vector control. To this end, an Isoseq-based transcriptome analysis was initiated, and resulted in a total of 3,512,145 sequences, with an average length of 1,732 bp. Transcripts assembly and annotation suggested that the C. clavisporus transcriptome lacked the cuticle-degrading proteins that have been associated with other entomopathogenic fungi, supporting the per os pathogenicity process. Furthermore, mining of the sequence data unexpectedly revealed C. clavisporus transcripts homologous to the Hirsutellin toxin. Comparative sequence analyses indicated that the C. clavisporus Hirsutellin predicted protein has retained the canonical molecular features that have been associated with the ribotoxic and insecticidal properties of the original toxin isolated from Hirsutella thompsonii. The identification of an Hirsutellin ortholog in C. clavisporus was supported by phylogenetic analyses demonstrating that Culicinomyces and Hirsutella were closely related genera in the Ophiocordycipitaceae family. Validation of the mosquitocidal activity of this novel C. clavisporus protein has yet to be performed but may help position Hirsutellin orthologs as prime candidates for the development of alternative biocontrol approaches complementing the current toolbox of vector mosquito management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Foresman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States of America
| | - Aurélien Tartar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States of America
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Morgan WR, Tartar A. Decontamination and Annotation of the Draft Genome Sequence of the Oomycete Lagenidium giganteum ARSEF 373. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0134622. [PMID: 37052474 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01346-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Scaffolds of a previously published Lagenidium giganteum ARSEF 373 genome assembly found at GenBank were filtered to remove contaminating sequences. Genome annotation of the 437 scaffolds (total length, 56.2 MB; GC content, 58.8%) with confirmed L. giganteum sequences identified 13,069 potential protein-coding genes, encoding at least 737 predicted secreted proteins and >100 putative translocated effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Morgan
- Department of Biology, The College of Wooster, Wooster, Ohio, USA
| | - Aurélien Tartar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
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Kaczmarek A, Boguś MI. Fungi of entomopathogenic potential in Chytridiomycota and Blastocladiomycota, and in fungal allies of the Oomycota and Microsporidia. IMA Fungus 2021; 12:29. [PMID: 34635188 PMCID: PMC8504053 DOI: 10.1186/s43008-021-00074-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between entomopathogenic fungi and their insect hosts is a classic example of the co-evolutionary arms race between pathogen and target host. The present review describes the entomopathogenic potential of Chytridiomycota and Blastocladiomycota fungi, and two groups of fungal allies: Oomycota and Microsporidia. The Oomycota (water moulds) are considered as a model biological control agent of mosquito larvae. Due to their shared ecological and morphological similarities, they had long been considered a part of the fungal kingdom; however, phylogenetic studies have since placed this group within the Straminipila. The Microsporidia are parasites of economically-important insects, including grasshoppers, lady beetles, bumblebees, colorado potato beetles and honeybees. They have been found to display some fungal characteristics, and phylogenetic studies suggest that they are related to fungi, either as a basal branch or sister group. The Blastocladiomycota and Chytridiomycota, named the lower fungi, historically were described together; however, molecular phylogenetic and ultrastructural research has classified them in their own phylum. They are considered parasites of ants, and of the larval stages of black flies, mosquitoes and scale insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Kaczmarek
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Mieczysława I Boguś
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818, Warsaw, Poland
- Biomibo, Strzygłowska 15, 04-872, Warsaw, Poland
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Grover M, Barkoulas M. C. elegans as a new tractable host to study infections by animal pathogenic oomycetes. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009316. [PMID: 33662043 PMCID: PMC7932123 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Manish Grover
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michalis Barkoulas
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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5
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Leoro-Garzon P, Gonedes AJ, Olivera IE, Tartar A. Oomycete metabarcoding reveals the presence of Lagenidium spp. in phytotelmata. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7903. [PMID: 31632856 PMCID: PMC6796956 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The oomycete genus Lagenidium, which includes the mosquito biocontrol agent L. giganteum, is composed of animal pathogens, yet is phylogenetically closely related to the well characterized plant pathogens Phytophthora and Pythium spp. These phylogenetic affinities were further supported by the identification of canonical oomycete effectors in the L. giganteum transcriptome. In this study, culture-independent, metabarcoding analyses aimed at detecting L. giganteum in bromeliad phytotelmata (a proven mosquito breeding ground) microbiomes were performed. Two independent and complementary microbial detection strategies based on the amplification of cox1 DNA barcodes were used and produced globally concordant outcomes revealing that two distinct Lagenidium phylotypes are present in phytotelmata. A total of 23,869 high quality reads were generated from four phytotelmata, with 52%, and 11.5% of these reads taxonomically associated to oomycetes, and Lagenidium spp., respectively. Newly designed Lagenidium-specific cox1 primers combined with cloning/Sanger sequencing produced only Lagenidium spp. sequences, with a majority of variants clustering with L. giganteum. High throughput sequencing based on a Single Molecule Real Time (SMRT) approach combined with broad range cox1 oomycete primers confirmed the presence of L. giganteum in phytotelmata, but indicated that a potentially novel Lagenidium phylotype (closely related to L. humanum) may represent one of the most prevalent oomycetes in these environments (along with Pythium spp.). Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that all detected Lagenidium phylotype cox1 sequences clustered in a strongly supported, monophyletic clade that included both L. giganteum and L. humanum. Therefore, Lagenidium spp. are present in phytotelmata microbiomes. This observation provides a basis to investigate potential relationships between Lagenidium spp. and phytotelma-forming plants, and reveals phytotelmata as sources for the identification of novel Lagenidium isolates with potential as biocontrol agents against vector mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Leoro-Garzon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States of America
| | - Andrew J Gonedes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States of America
| | - Isabel E Olivera
- Department of Biological Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States of America
| | - Aurélien Tartar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States of America
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Shen D, Tang Z, Wang C, Wang J, Dong Y, Chen Y, Wei Y, Cheng B, Zhang M, Grenville-Briggs LJ, Tyler BM, Dou D, Xia A. Infection mechanisms and putative effector repertoire of the mosquito pathogenic oomycete Pythium guiyangense uncovered by genomic analysis. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008116. [PMID: 31017897 PMCID: PMC6502433 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pythium guiyangense, an oomycete from a genus of mostly plant pathogens, is an effective biological control agent that has wide potential to manage diverse mosquitoes. However, its mosquito-killing mechanisms are almost unknown. In this study, we observed that P. guiyangense could utilize cuticle penetration and ingestion of mycelia into the digestive system to infect mosquito larvae. To explore pathogenic mechanisms, a high-quality genome sequence with 239 contigs and an N50 contig length of 1,009 kb was generated. The genome assembly is approximately 110 Mb, which is almost twice the size of other sequenced Pythium genomes. Further genome analysis suggests that P. guiyangense may arise from a hybridization of two related but distinct parental species. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that P. guiyangense likely evolved from common ancestors shared with plant pathogens. Comparative genome analysis coupled with transcriptome sequencing data suggested that P. guiyangense may employ multiple virulence mechanisms to infect mosquitoes, including secreted proteases and kazal-type protease inhibitors. It also shares intracellular Crinkler (CRN) effectors used by plant pathogenic oomycetes to facilitate the colonization of plant hosts. Our experimental evidence demonstrates that CRN effectors of P. guiyangense can be toxic to insect cells. The infection mechanisms and putative virulence effectors of P. guiyangense uncovered by this study provide the basis to develop improved mosquito control strategies. These data also provide useful knowledge on host adaptation and evolution of the entomopathogenic lifestyle within the oomycete lineage. A deeper understanding of the biology of P. guiyangense effectors might also be useful for management of other important agricultural pests. Utilization of biocontrol agents has emerged as a promising mosquito control strategy, and Pythium guiyangense has wide potential to manage diverse mosquitoes with high efficiency. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying pathological processes remain almost unknown. We observed that P. guiyangense invades mosquito larvae through cuticle penetration and through ingestion of mycelia via the digestive system, jointly accelerating mosquito larvae mortality. We also present a high-quality genome assembly of P. guiyangense that contains two distinct genome complements, which likely resulted from a hybridization of two parental species. Our analyses revealed expansions of kinases, proteases, kazal-type protease inhibitors, and elicitins that may be important for adaptation of P. guiyangense to a mosquito-pathogenic lifestyle. Moreover, our experimental evidence demonstrated that some Crinkler effectors of P. guiyangense can be toxic to insect cells. Our findings suggest new insights into oomycete evolution and host adaptation by animal pathogenic oomycetes. Our new genome resource will enable better understanding of infection mechanisms, with the potential to improve the biological control of mosquitoes and other agriculturally important pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyu Shen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaoyang Tang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cong Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yumei Dong
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Wei
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Biao Cheng
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meiqian Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Brett M. Tyler
- Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Daolong Dou
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ai Xia
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
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Vilela R, Humber RA, Taylor JW, Mendoza L. Phylogenetic and physiological traits of oomycetes originally identified as Lagenidium giganteum from fly and mosquito larvae. Mycologia 2019; 111:408-422. [PMID: 30985262 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2019.1589316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We studied phylogenetic and taxonomic features of isolates identified as Lagenidium giganteum recovered from six different species of mosquito larvae. The isolates grew vigorously at 25 C, moderately at 30 C, and not at all at 37 C and developed submerged, white colonies with few short, hyaline, aerial hyphae. Cultures displayed phenotypic plasticity, with broad, hyaline hyphae strongly constricted at septa that developed oval, spherical, or amorphous segments. These developed into sporangia producing one or two exit tubes, from which evanescent gelatinous vesicles containing zoospores developed. Three isolates developed oogonia consistent with features previously described for L. giganteum. Phylogenetic analysis of nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS = ITS) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COXII) sequences of L. giganteum consistently grouped into eight clusters. Four of the investigated isolates grouped with sequences of an unnamed Lagenidium species infecting nematodes. Based on phenotypic and phylogenetic data, we describe the latter isolates as L. juracyae, sp. nov. In addition, we also investigated a species of Paralagenidium from a dog with lagenidiosis and describe it as new, Paralagenidium ajellopsis, sp. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Vilela
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais , Av. Pres. Antonio Carlos, 6627, Pampulla, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais , 31270-901 Brazil.,b Biomedical Laboratory Diagnostics, Michigan State University , 354 Farm Lane, East Lansing , Michigan 48824
| | - Richard A Humber
- c Biological Integrated Pest Management Research, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture & Health , Ithaca , New York 14853
| | - John W Taylor
- d Department of Plant and Microbial Biology , University of California , 111 Koshland Hall, Berkeley , California 94720
| | - Leonel Mendoza
- b Biomedical Laboratory Diagnostics, Michigan State University , 354 Farm Lane, East Lansing , Michigan 48824.,e Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics , Michigan State University , 567 Wilson Road, East Lansing , Michigan 48824
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Farrer RA, Fisher MC. Describing Genomic and Epigenomic Traits Underpinning Emerging Fungal Pathogens. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2017; 100:73-140. [PMID: 29153405 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented number of pathogenic fungi are emerging and causing disease in animals and plants, putting the resilience of wild and managed ecosystems in jeopardy. While the past decades have seen an increase in the number of pathogenic fungi, they have also seen the birth of new big data technologies and analytical approaches to tackle these emerging pathogens. We review how the linked fields of genomics and epigenomics are transforming our ability to address the challenge of emerging fungal pathogens. We explore the methodologies and bioinformatic toolkits that currently exist to rapidly analyze the genomes of unknown fungi, then discuss how these data can be used to address key questions that shed light on their epidemiology. We show how genomic approaches are leading a revolution into our understanding of emerging fungal diseases and speculate on future approaches that will transform our ability to tackle this increasingly important class of emerging pathogens.
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Farrer RA, Martel A, Verbrugghe E, Abouelleil A, Ducatelle R, Longcore JE, James TY, Pasmans F, Fisher MC, Cuomo CA. Genomic innovations linked to infection strategies across emerging pathogenic chytrid fungi. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14742. [PMID: 28322291 PMCID: PMC5364385 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the evolutionary pathways that lead to emerging infections of vertebrates, here we explore the genomic innovations that allow free-living chytrid fungi to adapt to and colonize amphibian hosts. Sequencing and comparing the genomes of two pathogenic species of Batrachochytrium to those of close saprophytic relatives reveals that pathogenicity is associated with remarkable expansions of protease and cell wall gene families, while divergent infection strategies are linked to radiations of lineage-specific gene families. By comparing the host–pathogen response to infection for both pathogens, we illuminate the traits that underpin a strikingly different immune response within a shared host species. Our results show that, despite commonalities that promote infection, specific gene-family radiations contribute to distinct infection strategies. The breadth and evolutionary novelty of candidate virulence factors that we discover underscores the urgent need to halt the advance of pathogenic chytrids and prevent incipient loss of biodiversity. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and B. salamandrivorans are both important pathogens of amphibians, but they differ in their host ranges, infection strategies, and host immune responses. Here, Farrer and colleagues compare their genomes and transcriptomes to identify the genetic basis of these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys A Farrer
- Genome Sequencing and Analysis Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - An Martel
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Elin Verbrugghe
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Amr Abouelleil
- Genome Sequencing and Analysis Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Richard Ducatelle
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Joyce E Longcore
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, USA
| | - Timothy Y James
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Frank Pasmans
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Matthew C Fisher
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Christina A Cuomo
- Genome Sequencing and Analysis Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
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Olivera IE, Fins KC, Rodriguez SA, Abiff SK, Tartar JL, Tartar A. Glycoside hydrolases family 20 (GH20) represent putative virulence factors that are shared by animal pathogenic oomycetes, but are absent in phytopathogens. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:232. [PMID: 27716041 PMCID: PMC5053185 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0856-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although interest in animal pathogenic oomycetes is increasing, the molecular basis mediating oomycete-animal relationships remains virtually unknown. Crinkler (CRN) genes, which have been traditionally associated with the cytotoxic activity displayed by plant pathogenic oomycetes, were recently detected in transcriptome sequences from the entomopathogenic oomycete Lagenidium giganteum, suggesting that these genes may represent virulence factors conserved in both animal and plant pathogenic oomycetes. In order to further characterize the L. giganteum pathogenome, an on-going genomic survey was mined to reveal novel putative virulence factors, including canonical oomycete effectors Crinkler 13 (CRN13) orthologs. These novel sequences provided a basis to initiate gene expression analyses and determine if the proposed L. giganteum virulence factors are differentially expressed in the presence of mosquito larvae (Aedes aegypti). RESULTS Sequence analyses revealed that L. giganteum express CRN13 transcripts. The predicted proteins, like other L. giganteum CRNs, contained a conserved LYLA motif at the N terminal, but did not display signal peptides. In contrast, other potential virulence factors, such as Glycoside Hydrolases family 20 (hexosaminidase) and 37 (trehalase) proteins (GH20 and GH37), contained identifiable signal peptides. Genome mining demonstrated that GH20 genes are absent from phytopathogenic oomycete genomes, and that the L. giganteum GH20 sequence is the only reported peronosporalean GH20 gene. All other oomycete GH20 homologs were retrieved from animal pathogenic, saprolegnialean genomes. Furthermore, phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that saprolegnialean and peronosporalean GH20 protein sequences clustered in unrelated clades. The saprolegnialean GH20 sequences appeared as a strongly supported, monophyletic group nested within an arthropod-specific clade, suggesting that this gene was acquired via a lateral gene transfer event from an insect or crustacean genome. In contrast, the L. giganteum GH20 protein sequence appeared as a sister taxon to a plant-specific clade that included exochitinases with demonstrated insecticidal activities. Finally, gene expression analyses demonstrated that the L. giganteum GH20 gene expression level is significantly modulated in the presence of mosquito larvae. In agreement with the protein secretion predictions, CRN transcripts did not show any differential expression. CONCLUSIONS These results identified GH20 enzymes, and not CRNs, as potential pathogenicity factors shared by all animal pathogenic oomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel E Olivera
- Department of Biological Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Katrina C Fins
- Department of Biological Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Sara A Rodriguez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Sumayyah K Abiff
- Department of Biological Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Jaime L Tartar
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Aurélien Tartar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.
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Spies CFJ, Grooters AM, Lévesque CA, Rintoul TL, Redhead SA, Glockling SL, Chen CY, de Cock AWAM. Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of Lagenidium-like oomycetes pathogenic to mammals. Fungal Biol 2016; 120:931-947. [PMID: 27521626 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Over the past twenty years, infections caused by previously unrecognised oomycete pathogens with morphological and molecular similarities to known Lagenidium species have been observed with increasing frequency, primarily in dogs but also in cats and humans. Three of these pathogens were formally described as Lagenidium giganteum forma caninum, Lagenidium deciduum, and Paralagenidium karlingii in advance of published phylogenetic verification. Due to the complex nature of Lagenidium taxonomy alongside recent reports of mammalian pathogenic species, these taxa needed to be verified with due consideration of the available data for Lagenidium and its allied genera. This study does so through morphologic characterisation of the mammalian pathogenic species, and phylogenetic analyses. The six-gene phylogeny generally supports the most recent comprehensive classification of Lagenidium with a well-supported Lagenidium clade that includes the mammalian pathogens L. giganteum f. caninum and L. deciduum, and well-supported clades for which the names Myzocytiopsis and Salilagenidium can be applied. The genus Paralagenidium is phylogenetically unrelated to any of the main clades within the class Peronosporomycetes. Close relationships between pathogens of mammals and those of insects or nematodes were revealed. Further characterisation of Lagenidium-like taxa is needed to establish the risk of mammalian infection by pathogens of insects and nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoffel F J Spies
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, K1A 0C6, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Amy M Grooters
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - C André Lévesque
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, K1A 0C6, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tara L Rintoul
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, K1A 0C6, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott A Redhead
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, K1A 0C6, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Chi-Yu Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo Kuang Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Arthur W A M de Cock
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
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12
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Description of three novel Lagenidium (Oomycota) species causing infection in mammals. Rev Iberoam Micol 2016; 33:83-91. [PMID: 26924580 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent molecular phylogenetic analysis of Lagenidium strains recovered from subcutaneous lesions in cats, dogs, and a human with lagenidiosis resolved into four clades; one of them was Lagenidium giganteum, but three others were novel. AIMS Due to the recent increase in L. giganteum infections from mammals, we studied 21 Lagenidium strains isolated from dogs and a human available in our collection. METHODS Molecular phylogenetic studies and phenotypic characteristics were used to characterize the strains. RESULTS We report the finding of three novel species, herein designated as Lagenidium ajelloi, sp. nov., Lagenidium albertoi sp. nov, and Lagenidium vilelae sp. nov. Their morphological and growth features are also presented. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed the presence of three novel Lagenidium species infecting mammals.
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Grossart HP, Wurzbacher C, James TY, Kagami M. Discovery of dark matter fungi in aquatic ecosystems demands a reappraisal of the phylogeny and ecology of zoosporic fungi. FUNGAL ECOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Abstract
Strains pathogenic to mammals share phylogenetic and phenotypic features with strains approved for mosquito control. Infections of mammals by species in the phylum Oomycota taxonomically and molecularly similar to known Lagenidium giganteum strains have increased. During 2013–2014, we conducted a phylogenetic study of 21 mammalian Lagenidium isolates; we found that 11 cannot be differentiated from L. giganteum strains that the US Environmental Protection Agency approved for biological control of mosquitoes; these strains were later unregistered and are no longer available. L. giganteum strains pathogenic to mammals formed a strongly supported clade with the biological control isolates, and both types experimentally infected mosquito larvae. However, the strains from mammals grew well at 25°C and 37°C, whereas the biological control strains developed normally at 25°C but poorly at higher temperatures. The emergence of heat-tolerant strains of L. giganteum pathogenic to lower animals and humans is of environmental and public health concern.
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