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Chaudhary S, Ali Z, Mahfouz M. Molecular farming for sustainable production of clinical-grade antimicrobial peptides. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024. [PMID: 38685599 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are emerging as next-generation therapeutics due to their broad-spectrum activity against drug-resistant bacterial strains and their ability to eradicate biofilms, modulate immune responses, exert anti-inflammatory effects and improve disease management. They are produced through solid-phase peptide synthesis or in bacterial or yeast cells. Molecular farming, i.e. the production of biologics in plants, offers a low-cost, non-toxic, scalable and simple alternative platform to produce AMPs at a sustainable cost. In this review, we discuss the advantages of molecular farming for producing clinical-grade AMPs, advances in expression and purification systems and the cost advantage for industrial-scale production. We further review how 'green' production is filling the sustainability gap, streamlining patent and regulatory approvals and enabling successful clinical translations that demonstrate the future potential of AMPs produced by molecular farming. Finally, we discuss the regulatory challenges that need to be addressed to fully realize the potential of molecular farming-based AMP production for therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Chaudhary
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahir Ali
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magdy Mahfouz
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Cheng J, Ahmad B, Raza MA, Guo H, Ahmat M, Wei X, Zhang L, Li Z, Cheng Q, Zhang J, Wang J, Si D, Zhang Y, Zhang R. Yeast Expressed Hybrid Peptide CLP Abridged Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Levels by Endotoxin Neutralization. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11010131. [PMID: 36677423 PMCID: PMC9860938 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to apply a strategy to express a recombinant CLP peptide and explore its application as a product derived from natural compounds. The amphiphilic CLP peptide was hybridized from three parent peptides (CM4, LL37, and TP5) and was considered to have potent endotoxin-neutralizing activity with minimal cytotoxic and hemolytic activity. To achieve high secretion expression, an expression vector of pPICZαA-HSA-CLP was constructed by the golden gate cloning strategy before being transformed into Pichia pastoris and integrated into the genome. The recombinant CLP was purified through the Ni-NTA affinity chromatography and analyzed by SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry. The Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test exhibited that the hybrid peptide CLP inhibited lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in a dose-dependent manner and was significantly (p < 0.05) more efficient compared to the parent peptides. In addition, it essentially diminished (p < 0.05) the levels of nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines (including TNF-α, IL6, and IL-1β) in LPS-induced mouse RAW264.7 macrophages. As an attendant to the control and the parental peptide LL37, the number of LPS-induced apoptotic cells was diminished compared to the control parental peptide LL37 (p < 0.05) with the treatment of CLP. Consequently, we concluded that the hybrid peptide CLP might be used as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Cheng
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Baseer Ahmad
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 2500, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Raza
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 2500, Pakistan
| | - Henan Guo
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Marhaba Ahmat
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xubiao Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100193, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100193, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhongxuan Li
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Chengdu 610017, China
| | - Qiang Cheng
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junyong Wang
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dayong Si
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yueping Zhang
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (R.Z.)
| | - Rijun Zhang
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (R.Z.)
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3
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Wu Y, Pang X, Wu Y, Liu X, Zhang X. Enterocins: Classification, Synthesis, Antibacterial Mechanisms and Food Applications. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27072258. [PMID: 35408657 PMCID: PMC9000605 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Enterococci, a type of lactic acid bacteria, are widely distributed in various environments and are part of the normal flora in the intestinal tract of humans and animals. Although enterococci have gradually evolved pathogenic strains causing nosocomial infections in recent years, the non-pathogenic strains have still been widely used as probiotics and feed additives. Enterococcus can produce enterocin, which are bacteriocins considered as ribosomal peptides that kill or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms. This paper reviews the classification, synthesis, antibacterial mechanisms and applications of enterocins, and discusses the prospects for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Wu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.W.); (X.P.); (Y.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Xinxin Pang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.W.); (X.P.); (Y.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Yansha Wu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.W.); (X.P.); (Y.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiayu Liu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.W.); (X.P.); (Y.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Xinglin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.W.); (X.P.); (Y.W.); (X.L.)
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-571-86984316
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4
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Choeisoongnern T, Sirilun S, Waditee-Sirisattha R, Pintha K, Peerajan S, Chaiyasut C. Potential Probiotic Enterococcus faecium OV3-6 and Its Bioactive Peptide as Alternative Bio-Preservation. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102264. [PMID: 34681312 PMCID: PMC8534580 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotic Enterococcus faecium OV3-6 and its secreted active peptide were characterized and investigated. The strain survived in simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions at 88.16% and 94.33%, respectively. The safety assessment revealed that the strain was shown α-hemolysis and susceptible to most clinically relevant antibiotics, but intermediate sensitivity to erythromycin and kanamycin was found. It does not harbor any virulence genes except for the efaAfm gene. Both of its living cells and the cell-free supernatants (CFS) of the strain significantly reduced the adhesion of E. coli and S. Typhi on Caco-2 cells. The strain can regulate the secretion of pro and inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and IL-12 and induce the secretion of anti-inflammatory IL-10 of the Caco-2 cell. The strain can prevent the growth of Gram-positive strains belonging to the genera Bacillus, Carnobacterium, Listeria, and Staphylococcus. It also presented the entP gene that involves the production of bacteriocin named enterocin P. The antimicrobial peptide was matched 40% with 50S ribosomal proteins L29 (7.325 kDa), as revealed by LC-MS/MS. This active peptide exhibits heat stability, is stable over a wide pH range of 2−10, and maintains its activity at −20 and 4 °C for 12 weeks of storage. Altogether, E. faecium OV3-6 thus has potential for consideration as a probiotic and bio-preservative for applied use as a fermented food starter culture and in functional food or feed industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiwanya Choeisoongnern
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sasithorn Sirilun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (C.C.); Tel.: +66-5394-4375 (S.S.); +66-5394-4340 (C.C.)
| | | | - Komsak Pintha
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand;
| | | | - Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (C.C.); Tel.: +66-5394-4375 (S.S.); +66-5394-4340 (C.C.)
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5
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Construction of Leaderless-Bacteriocin-Producing Bacteriophage Targeting E. coli and Neighboring Gram-Positive Pathogens. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0014121. [PMID: 34259542 PMCID: PMC8552711 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00141-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lytic bacteriophages are expected as effective tools to control infectious bacteria in human and pathogenic or spoilage bacteria in foods. Leaderless bacteriocins (LLBs) are simple bacteriocins produced by Gram-positive bacteria. LLBs do not possess an N-terminal leader peptide in the precursor, which means that they are active immediately after translation. In this study, we constructed a novel antimicrobial agent, an LLB-producing phage (LLB-phage), by genetic engineering to introduce the LLB structural gene into the lytic phage genome. To this end, lnqQ (structure gene of an LLB, lacticin Q) and trxA, an essential gene for T7 phage genome replication, were integrated in tandem into T7 phage genome using homologous recombination in Escherichia coli host strain. The recombinant lnqQ-T7 phage was isolated by a screening method using ΔtrxA host strain. lnqQ-T7 phage formed a clear halo in agar plates containing both E. coli and lacticin Q-susceptible Bacillus coagulans, indicating that lnqQ-T7 phage could produce a significant amount of lacticin Q. Lacticin Q production did not exert a significant effect on the lytic cycle of T7 phage. In fact, the production of lacticin Q enhanced T7 phage lytic activity and helped to prevent the emergence of bacterial populations resistant against this phage. These results serve as a proof of principle for LLB-phages. There are different types of LLBs and phages, meaning that in the future, it may be possible to produce any number of LLB-phages which can be designed to efficiently control different types of bacterial contamination in different settings. IMPORTANCE We demonstrated that we could combine LLB and phage to construct promising novel antimicrobial agents, LLB-phage. The first LLB-phage, lnqQ-T7 phage, can control the growth of both the Gram-negative host strain and neighboring Gram-positive bacteria while preventing the emergence of phage resistance in the host strain. There are several different types of LLBs and phages, suggesting that we may be able to design a battery of LLB-phages by selecting novel combinations of LLBs and phages. These constructs could be tailored to control various bacterial contaminations and infectious diseases.
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Tonin F, Tieves F, Willot S, van Troost A, van Oosten R, Breestraat S, van Pelt S, Alcalde M, Hollmann F. Pilot-Scale Production of Peroxygenase from Agrocybe aegerita. Org Process Res Dev 2021; 25:1414-1418. [PMID: 34168423 PMCID: PMC8218300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The pilot-scale production
of the peroxygenase from Agrocybe aegerita (rAaeUPO) is demonstrated.
In a fed-batch fermentation of the recombinant Pichia
pastoris, the enzyme was secreted into the culture
medium to a final concentration of 0.29 g L–1 corresponding
to 735 g of the peroxygenase in 2500 L of the fermentation broth after
6 days. Due to nonoptimized downstream processing, only 170 g of the
enzyme has been isolated. The preparative usefulness of the so-obtained
enzyme preparation has been demonstrated at a semipreparative scale
(100 mL) as an example of the stereoselective hydroxylation of ethyl
benzene. Using an adjusted H2O2 feed rate, linear
product formation was observed for 7 days, producing more than 5 g
L–1 (R)-1-phenyl ethanol. The biocatalyst
performed more than 340.000 catalytic turnovers (942 g of the product
per gram of rAaeUPO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Tonin
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Florian Tieves
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Sébastien Willot
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Anouska van Troost
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Remco van Oosten
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Stefaan Breestraat
- Bioprocess Pilot Facility B.V., Alexander Fleminglaan 1, 2613 AX Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Sander van Pelt
- Bioprocess Pilot Facility B.V., Alexander Fleminglaan 1, 2613 AX Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Miguel Alcalde
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis, CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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7
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Lyophilized yeast powder for adjuvant free thermostable vaccine delivery. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:3131-3143. [PMID: 33834253 PMCID: PMC8032460 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11259-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Thermolabile nature of commercially available vaccines necessitates their storage, transportation, and dissemination under refrigerated condition. Maintenance of continuous cold chain at every step increases the final cost of vaccines. Any breach in the cold chain even for a short duration results in the need to discard the vaccines. As a result, there is a pressing need for the development of thermostable vaccines. In this proof-of-concept study, we showed that E. coli curli-green fluorescent fusion protein remains stable in freeze-dried yeast powder for more than 18 and 12 months when stored at 30 °C and 37 °C respectively. Stability of the heterologous protein remains unaffected during the process of heat-inactivation and lyophilization. The mass of lyophilized yeast powder remains almost unchanged during the entire period of storage and expressed protein remains intact even after two cycles of freeze and thaws. The protease-deficient strain appears ideal for the development of whole recombinant yeast-based vaccines. The cellular abundance of expressed antigen in dry powder after a year was comparable to freshly lyophilized cells. Scanning electron microscopy showed the intact nature of cells in powdered form even after a year of storage at 30 °C. Observation made in this study showed that freeze-dry yeast powder can play a vital role in the development of thermostable vaccines. Key Points • Yeast-based vaccines can overcome problem of cold chain associated with conventional vaccines • Lyophilized yeast powder can be a simple way for long-term storage of immunogen(s) • Protease deficient strain is important for whole recombinant yeast-based vaccines
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8
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Torres MDT, Cao J, Franco OL, Lu TK, de la Fuente-Nunez C. Synthetic Biology and Computer-Based Frameworks for Antimicrobial Peptide Discovery. ACS NANO 2021; 15:2143-2164. [PMID: 33538585 PMCID: PMC8734659 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is one of the greatest challenges of our time. This global health problem originated from a paucity of truly effective antibiotic classes and an increased incidence of multi-drug-resistant bacterial isolates in hospitals worldwide. Indeed, it has been recently estimated that 10 million people will die annually from drug-resistant infections by the year 2050. Therefore, the need to develop out-of-the-box strategies to combat antibiotic resistance is urgent. The biological world has provided natural templates, called antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which exhibit multiple intrinsic medical properties including the targeting of bacteria. AMPs can be used as scaffolds and, via engineering, can be reconfigured for optimized potency and targetability toward drug-resistant pathogens. Here, we review the recent development of tools for the discovery, design, and production of AMPs and propose that the future of peptide drug discovery will involve the convergence of computational and synthetic biology principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo D T Torres
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jicong Cao
- Synthetic Biology Group, MIT Synthetic Biology Center, Department of Biological Engineering and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Octavio L Franco
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70790160, Brazil
- S-inova Biotech, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS 79117010, Brazil
| | - Timothy K Lu
- Synthetic Biology Group, MIT Synthetic Biology Center, Department of Biological Engineering and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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9
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Cui Y, Luo L, Wang X, Lu Y, Yi Y, Shan Y, Liu B, Zhou Y, Lü X. Mining, heterologous expression, purification, antibactericidal mechanism, and application of bacteriocins: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 20:863-899. [PMID: 33443793 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriocins are generally considered as low-molecular-weight ribosomal peptides or proteins synthesized by G+ and G- bacteria that inhibit or kill other related or unrelated microorganisms. However, low yield is an important factor restricting the application of bacteriocins. This paper reviews mining methods, heterologous expression in different systems, the purification technologies applied to bacteriocins, and identification methods, as well as the antibacterial mechanism and applications in three different food systems. Bioinformatics improves the efficiency of bacteriocins mining. Bacteriocins can be heterologously expressed in different expression systems (e.g., Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus, and yeast). Ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis membrane, pH-mediated cell adsorption/desorption, solvent extraction, macroporous resin column, and chromatography are always used as purification methods for bacteriocins. The bacteriocins are identified through electrophoresis and mass spectrum. Cell envelope (e.g., cell permeabilization and pore formation) and inhibition of gene expression are common antibacterial mechanisms of bacteriocins. Bacteriocins can be added to protect meat products (e.g., beef and sausages), dairy products (e.g., cheese, milk, and yogurt), and vegetables and fruits (e.g., salad, apple juice, and soybean sprouts). The future research directions are also prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Cui
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Lingli Luo
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yingying Lu
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yanglei Yi
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shan
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Bianfang Liu
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xin Lü
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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10
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Schofs L, Sparo MD, Sánchez Bruni SF. Gram-positive bacteriocins: usage as antimicrobial agents in veterinary medicine. Vet Res Commun 2020; 44:89-100. [PMID: 32656740 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-020-09776-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a worldwide spread phenomenon that affects both human and veterinary medicine. This issue has led to a "One Health" approach in order to coordinate efforts and set back the development of drug-resistant microbes. In the search for alternatives therapies, bacteriocins or antimicrobial peptides have proven to be effective both in vitro and in vivo for multiples pathogens, even those resistant to many classic antibiotics. Gram-positive bacteriocins have been the most studied to the present. The use of bacteriocins as therapeutically active molecules is limited mainly due to difficulties in production, purification, delivery systems and regulatory approvals. To overcome some of these limitations, biotechnological and nanotechnological approaches are evaluated. Bacteriocins proved to be a good complement for conventional antibiotics therapy. Antimicrobial peptides are nowadays included in the veterinary products such as udder disinfectant for dairy cattle and dermatological medicated wipe for topical use on dogs, cats, and horses. But there are other potential uses to explore in the veterinary field for both companion and production animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laureano Schofs
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, CIVETAN- CONICET, B7000, Tandil, Argentina. .,Tandil Veterinary Research Center (CIVETAN) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Comisión de investigaciones científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CICPBA), Tandil, B7000, Argentina.
| | - Mónica D Sparo
- Tandil Veterinary Research Center (CIVETAN) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Comisión de investigaciones científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CICPBA), Tandil, B7000, Argentina.,Clinical Department, Faculty of Health Science, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Olavarría, B7400, Argentina
| | - Sergio F Sánchez Bruni
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, CIVETAN- CONICET, B7000, Tandil, Argentina.,Tandil Veterinary Research Center (CIVETAN) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Comisión de investigaciones científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CICPBA), Tandil, B7000, Argentina
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11
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Ladjouzi R, Lucau-Danila A, Benachour A, Drider D. A Leaderless Two-Peptide Bacteriocin, Enterocin DD14, Is Involved in Its Own Self-Immunity: Evidence and Insights. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:644. [PMID: 32671042 PMCID: PMC7332713 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterocin DD14 (EntDD14) is a two-peptide leaderless bacteriocin produced by Enterococcus faecalis 14, a strain previously isolated from meconium. EntDD14 has a strong antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Leaderless bacteriocins, unlike bacteriocins with leader peptides, are immediately active after their translation, and a producing strain has then to develop specific mechanisms to protect both intra and extracellular compartments. The in silico analysis of Ent. faecalis 14 genome allowed to locate downstream of structural ddAB genes, 8 other adjacent genes, designed ddCDEFGHIJ, which collectively may form three operons. To gain insights on immunity mechanisms of Ent. faecalis 14, mutant strains knocked out in ddAB genes encoding bacteriocin precursor peptides (Δbac) and/or ABC transporter (ΔddI) of EntDD14 were constructed and characterized. Importantly, Δbac mutant strains, from which structural ddAB genes were deleted, resulted unable to produce EntDD14 and sensitive to exogenous EntDD14 showing their involvement in the Ent. faecalis 14 immunity system. Moreover, the sensitivity of Δbac mutants appeared not to be associated with the down-regulation of ddCDEFGHIJ gene expression since they were similarly expressed in both Δbac and wild-type strains during the log phase while they were found significantly down-regulated in the Δbac mutant strain after 24 h of growth. Data gathered from this study suggest also the implication of the ABC transporter (ddHIJ) in the active export of EntDD14 but ruled-out its involvement in the primary self-immunity system. Interestingly, non-bacteriocin producing Ent. faecalis JH2-2 cells transformed with ddAB, or ddAB plus genes encoding the ABC transporter (ddAB-HIJ) did not produce EntDD14 and remained sensitive to its action. Of note, trans-complementation of the Δbac mutant strain with these constructions allowed to recover the WT phenotype. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study delineating the role of the intracellular two-peptide leaderless bacteriocins in their self-immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Ladjouzi
- UMR Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro N° 1158, Univ. Lille, INRAE, Univ. Liège, UPJV, YNCREA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ICV - Institut Charles Viollette, Lille, France
| | - Anca Lucau-Danila
- UMR Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro N° 1158, Univ. Lille, INRAE, Univ. Liège, UPJV, YNCREA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ICV - Institut Charles Viollette, Lille, France
| | | | - Djamel Drider
- UMR Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro N° 1158, Univ. Lille, INRAE, Univ. Liège, UPJV, YNCREA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ICV - Institut Charles Viollette, Lille, France
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12
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Sampaio de Oliveira KB, Leite ML, Rodrigues GR, Duque HM, da Costa RA, Cunha VA, de Loiola Costa LS, da Cunha NB, Franco OL, Dias SC. Strategies for recombinant production of antimicrobial peptides with pharmacological potential. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2020; 13:367-390. [PMID: 32357080 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2020.1764347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The need to develop new drugs for the control of pathogenic microorganisms has redoubled efforts to prospect for antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from natural sources and to characterize its structure and function. These molecules present a broad spectrum of action against different microorganisms and frequently present promiscuous action, with anticancer and immunomodulatory activities. Furthermore, AMPs can be used as biopharmaceuticals in the treatment of hospital-acquired infections and other serious diseases with relevant social and economic impacts.Areas covered: The low yield and the therefore difficult extraction and purification process in AMPs are problems that limit their industrial application and scientific research. Thus, optimized heterologous expression systems were developed to significantly boost AMP yields, allow high efficiency in purification and structural optimization for the increase of therapeutic activity.Expert opinion: This review provides an update on recent developments in the recombinant production of ribosomal and non-ribosomal synthesis of AMPs and on strategies to increase the expression of genes encoding AMPs at the transcriptional and translational levels and regulation of the post-translational modifications. Moreover, there are detailed reports of AMPs that have already reached marketable status or are in the pipeline under advanced stages of preclinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Botelho Sampaio de Oliveira
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília , Brasília, Brazil
| | - Michel Lopes Leite
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília , Brasília, Brazil
| | - Gisele Regina Rodrigues
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília , Brasília, Brazil
| | - Harry Morales Duque
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília , Brasília, Brazil
| | - Rosiane Andrade da Costa
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília , Brasília, Brazil
| | - Victor Albuquerque Cunha
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília , Brasília, Brazil
| | - Lorena Sousa de Loiola Costa
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília , Brasília, Brazil
| | - Nicolau Brito da Cunha
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília , Brasília, Brazil
| | - Octavio Luiz Franco
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília , Brasília, Brazil.,Universidade de Brasília, Pós-graduação em Patologia Molecular, Campus Darcy Ribeiro , Brasília, Brazil.,S-Inova Biotech, Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco , Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Simoni Campos Dias
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília , Brasília, Brazil.,Universidade de Brasília, Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal, Campus Darcy Ribeiro , Brasília, Brazil
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13
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Navarro SA, Lanza L, Acuña L, Bellomio A, Chalón MC. Features and applications of Ent35-MccV hybrid bacteriocin: current state and perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:6067-6077. [PMID: 32418126 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10650-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriocins are peptides of ribosomal synthesis that are active against bacteria related to the producing strain. They have been widely used in the food industry as biopreservatives. The generation of hybrid peptides by combining the genes that encode two different bacteriocins has made it possible to study the mechanisms of action of the bacteriocins that compose them and also develop new peptides with improved biotechnological applications. Hybrid bacteriocins may be obtained in several ways. In our laboratory, by combining enterocin CRL35 and microcin V (Ent35-MccV), we obtained a broad-spectrum peptide that is active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Ent35-MccV is sensitive to the action of intestinal proteases and is heat resistant, which makes it a good candidate for use as a biopreservative. For this reason, the peptide was tested in skim milk and beef burgers as food models. We also obtained more potent variants of the hybrid by modifying the central amino acid of the hinge region that connects the two bacteriocins. This review also discusses future applications and perspectives regarding the Ent35-MccV and other hybrid peptides.Key Points• Ent35-MccV is a new broad-spectrum bacteriocin.• The mechanism of action of bacteriocins can be studied using hybrid peptides.• Genetic engineering allows obtaining improved bacteriocin derivatives.• Hybrid peptides can be used in the food, pharmaceutical, and veterinary applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Navarro
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT) e Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj," Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Chacabuco 461, San Miguel de Tucumán, T4000ILI, Argentina
| | - L Lanza
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT) e Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj," Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Chacabuco 461, San Miguel de Tucumán, T4000ILI, Argentina
| | - L Acuña
- Instituto de Patología Experimental (IPE, CONICET-UNSa), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta, Argentina
| | - A Bellomio
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT) e Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj," Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Chacabuco 461, San Miguel de Tucumán, T4000ILI, Argentina
| | - Miriam C Chalón
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT) e Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj," Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Chacabuco 461, San Miguel de Tucumán, T4000ILI, Argentina.
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Yu W, Ma J, Chen X, Tan Y, Chen P, Zhu X, Liu L. Expression and purification of recombinant Lactobacillus casei bacteriocin and analysis of its antibacterial activity. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2020.1749134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Jiage Ma
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Ying Tan
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Pin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Xumeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Libo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
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15
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Xu Y, Yang L, Li P, Gu Q. Heterologous expression of Class IIb bacteriocin Plantaricin JK in Lactococcus Lactis. Protein Expr Purif 2019; 159:10-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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16
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Hassan MIA, Voigt K. Pathogenicity patterns of mucormycosis: epidemiology, interaction with immune cells and virulence factors. Med Mycol 2019; 57:S245-S256. [PMID: 30816980 PMCID: PMC6394756 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myz011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi of the basal lineage order Mucorales are able to cause infections in animals and humans. Mucormycosis is a well-known, life-threatening disease especially in patients with a compromised immune system. The rate of mortality and morbidity caused by mucormycosis has increased rapidly during the last decades, especially in developing countries. The systematic, phylogenetic, and epidemiological distributions of mucoralean fungi are addressed in relation to infection in immunocompromised patients. The review highlights the current achievements in (i) diagnostics and management of mucormycosis, (ii) the study of the interaction of Mucorales with cells of the innate immune system, (iii) the assessment of the virulence of Mucorales in vertebrate and invertebrate infection models, and (iv) the determination of virulence factors that are key players in the infection process, for example, high-affinity iron permease (FTR1), spore coat protein (CotH), alkaline Rhizopus protease enzyme (ARP), ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF), dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, calcineurin (CaN), serine and aspartate proteases (SAPs). The present mini-review attempts to increase the awareness of these difficult-to-manage fungal infections and to encourage research in the detection of ligands and receptors as potential diagnostic parameters and drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I Abdelwahab Hassan
- Jena Microbial Resource Collection, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knoell Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 23, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Jena, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Pests and Plant Protection Department, National Research Centre, 33rd El Buhouth Street (Postal code: 12622) Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Kerstin Voigt
- Jena Microbial Resource Collection, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knoell Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 23, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Jena, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany
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17
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Tanhaeian A, Damavandi MS, Mansury D, Ghaznini K. Expression in eukaryotic cells and purification of synthetic gene encoding enterocin P: a bacteriocin with broad antimicrobial spectrum. AMB Express 2019; 9:6. [PMID: 30617751 PMCID: PMC6323060 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0729-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, treatment options for infectious diseases are decreasing. Bacteriocins are small antimicrobial peptides produced by numerous bacteria that offer alternative therapeutic strategies to combat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. We evaluated the cloning, functional expression, and antimicrobial activities of enterocin P (EntP), a class II bacteriocin member, in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. A synthetic gene matching CHO cell codon usage was designed from the known mature amino acid sequence of EntP and cloned into the protein expression vector pcDNA™3.1(+). CHO cells were transformed with the recombinant plasmid and cultured, and the recombinant protein was purified by affinity chromatography. Antimicrobial activities of the recombinant EntP were evaluated on Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and multidrug-resistant pathogens. Recombinant EntP inhibited growth of a variety of bacteria, including pathogenic species known to cause nosocomial infections, often with multidrug-resistant strains. In addition, recombinant EntP demonstrated broad antimicrobial activities in both high salt medium and human plasma and was stable at high temperatures. The broad antimicrobial activity and stability of EntP make it an attractive therapeutic candidate, particularly for treatment of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections.
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18
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Perez RH, Zendo T, Sonomoto K. Circular and Leaderless Bacteriocins: Biosynthesis, Mode of Action, Applications, and Prospects. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2085. [PMID: 30233551 PMCID: PMC6131525 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriocins are a huge family of ribosomally synthesized peptides known to exhibit a range of bioactivities, most predominantly antibacterial activities. Bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria are of particular interest due to the latter's association to food fermentation and the general notion of them to be safe. Among the family of bacteriocins, the groups known as circular bacteriocins and leaderless bacteriocins are gaining more attention due to their enormous potential for industrial application. Circular bacteriocins and leaderless bacteriocins, arguably the least understood groups of bacteriocins, possess distinctively peculiar characteristics in their structures and biosynthetic mechanisms. Circular bacteriocins have N-to-C- terminal covalent linkage forming a structurally distinct circular peptide backbone. The circular nature of their structures provides them superior stability against various stresses compared to most linear bacteriocins. The molecular mechanism of their biosynthesis, albeit has remained poorly understood, is believed to possesses huge application prospect as it can serve as scaffold in bioengineering other biologically important peptides. On the other hand, while most bacteriocins are synthesized as inactive precursor peptides, which possess an N-terminal leader peptide attached to a C-terminal propeptide, leaderless bacteriocins are atypical as they do not have an N-terminal leader peptide, hence the name. Leaderless bacteriocins are active right after translation as they do not undergo any post-translational processing common to other groups of bacteriocins. This "simplicity" in the biosynthesis of leaderless bacteriocins offers a huge commercial potential as scale-up production systems are considerably easier to assemble. In this review, we summarize the current studies of both circular and leaderless bacteriocins, highlighting the progress in understanding their biosynthesis, mode of action, application and their prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney H Perez
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Takeshi Zendo
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Sonomoto
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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19
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The heterologous expression strategies of antimicrobial peptides in microbial systems. Protein Expr Purif 2017; 140:52-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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20
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Chen X, Li J, Sun H, Li S, Chen T, Liu G, Dyson P. High-level heterologous production and Functional Secretion by recombinant Pichia pastoris of the shortest proline-rich antibacterial honeybee peptide Apidaecin. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14543. [PMID: 29109421 PMCID: PMC5674047 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15149-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major problem in antibacterial chemotherapy. Apidaecins, which refer to a series of small, proline-rich antimicrobial peptides, are predominantly active against many drug-resistant bacteria. The apidaecins have special antibacterial mechanisms, and are non-toxic for human cells, a prerequisite for using them as novel antibiotic drugs. However, no efficient non-tagged apidaecin expression system has been reported, which is the limiting factor for their application. Here we successfully generated a Pichia pastoris transformant expressing and secreting apidaecin. However, expression was unstable and poor. Analysis of this revealed that the integration plasmid was frequently lost and that apidaecin expression resulted in cell death. Using N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitroso-guanidine mutagenesis and selection, a mutant strain Apmu4 was derived, in which the rate of loss of the integration plasmid was much lower after induction, and which produced improved titres of apidaecin. Additionally, we discovered that using glucose as the sole carbon source to pre-culture the strain before induction could greatly enhance apidaecin production. A pilot-scale 10 L fermentation yielded 418 mg/L of recombinant apidaecin, which represents the highest reported yield of apidaecin. Consequently, this study reports the first super heterologous expression and secretion of apidaecin in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering of Gansu Province, Jiayuguan, China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering of Gansu Province, Jiayuguan, China
| | - Haili Sun
- School of Chemistry and Environment Science, Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shiweng Li
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering of Gansu Province, Jiayuguan, China
| | - Guangxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering of Gansu Province, Jiayuguan, China.
| | - Paul Dyson
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
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The safe enterocin DD14 is a leaderless two-peptide bacteriocin with anti-Clostridium perfringens activity. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2017; 49:282-289. [PMID: 28104423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis 14, a strain previously isolated from meconium, displayed activity against four Clostridium perfringens isolates when co-cultured on agar plates. The anti-Clostridium activity was ascribed to the production of enterocin DD14, which was subsequently purified. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of enterocin DD14 against one collection strain and one clinical C. perfringens strain was determined at 50 µg/mL. Furthermore, using the intestinal epithelial cell line IPEC-1, it was shown that E. faecalis 14 was not cytotoxic after 24 h of contact, and no cytotoxicity was observed when IPEC-1 cells were incubated with pure enterocin DD14 for 4 h. Enterocin DD14 was characterised using mass spectrometry and was shown to consist of two small proteins of 5200.74 Da and 5206.41 Da, respectively. The two peptides (DD14A and DD14B) have highly similar amino acid sequences and no signal peptide, which classifies enterocin DD14 as a class IIb leaderless two-peptide bacteriocin. The genes encoding DD14A and DD14B were sequenced and were shown to be 100% identical to other previously described enterocins MR10A and MR10B, in contrast to the producing strains, which are different. Consequently, the present in vitro study supports the potential of this E. faecalis 14 strain and/or its purified enterocin DD14 as putative anti-C. perfringens compounds in chickens.
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22
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Jiang H, Li P, Gu Q. Heterologous expression and purification of plantaricin NC8, a two-peptide bacteriocin against Salmonella spp. from Lactobacillus plantarum ZJ316. Protein Expr Purif 2016; 127:28-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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23
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Pal G, Srivastava S. Scaling Up the Production of Recombinant Antimicrobial Plantaricin E from a Heterologous Host, Escherichia coli. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2016; 7:216-21. [PMID: 26044056 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-015-9193-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced production of heterologously expressed plantaricin (plnE) from Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) was achieved from a small- to large-scale batch culture. Starting from a 15-ml shake-flask culture grown in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth, the protein expression could be scaled up using 50 ml, 100 ml, 1 l, and 2 l batch culture. Using similar condition, plantaricin E (PlnE) was successfully expressed in a 30-l stirred fermenter. The protein was expressed as TRX-(His)6-fusion protein and separated by Ni(2+) affinity chromatography. Growth in two complex media, LB and Terrific broth (TB), was optimized and compared for the production of PlnE, which was higher in LB in comparison with that of TB. In the fermenter, 140 and 180 mg of PlnE could be produced from 12 l of culture volume at 30 and 25 °C, respectively. The yield of heterologously purified PlnE was found to be 1.2-1.5%, which was much higher in comparison with the plantaricins produced from the native strain of Lactobacillus plantarum (0.3-0.7%). Overproduction of PlnE with the help of heterologous expression can overcome the constraint of the low yield from producer strain and provides an easy and low-cost strategy for large-scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Pal
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
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Tyagi A, Kumar A, Yadav AK, Chandola Saklani A, Grover S, Batish VK. Functional expression of recombinant goat chymosin in Pichia pastoris bioreactor cultures: A commercially viable alternate. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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25
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Araújo C, Muñoz-Atienza E, Poeta P, Igrejas G, Hernández PE, Herranz C, Cintas LM. Characterization of Pediococcus acidilactici strains isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) feed and larvae: safety, DNA fingerprinting, and bacteriocinogenicity. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2016; 119:129-143. [PMID: 27137071 DOI: 10.3354/dao02992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as probiotics constitutes an alternative or complementary strategy to chemotherapy and vaccination for disease control in aquaculture. The objectives of this work were (1) the in vitro safety assessment of 8 Pediococcus acidilactici strains isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) feed and larvae; (2) the evaluation of their genetic relatedness; (3) the study of their antimicrobial/bacteriocin activity against fish pathogens; and (4) the biochemical and genetic characterization of the bacteriocin produced by the strain displaying the greatest antimicrobial activity. Concerning the safety assessment, none of the pediococci showed antibiotic resistance nor produced hemolysin or gelatinase, degraded gastric mucin, or deconjugated bile salts. Four strains (50%) produced tyramine or putrescine, but the corresponding genes were not amplified by PCR. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-PCR (ERIC-PCR) fingerprinting allowed clustering of the pediococci into 2 well-defined groups (68% similarity). From the 8 pediococci displaying direct antimicrobial activity against at least 3 out of 9 fish pathogens, 6 strains (75%) were identified as bacteriocin producers. The bacteriocin produced by P. acidilactici L-14 was purified, and mass spectrometry and DNA sequencing revealed its identity to pediocin PA-1 (PedPA-1). Altogether, our results allowed the identification of 4 (50%) putatively safe pediococci, including 2 bacteriocinogenic strains. ERIC-PCR fingerprinting was a valuable tool for genetic profiling of P. acidilactici strains. This work reports for the first time the characterization of a PedPA-1-producing P. acidilactici strain isolated from an aquatic environment (rainbow trout larvae), which shows interesting properties related to its potential use as a probiotic in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Araújo
- Grupo de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos por Bacterias Lácticas, Bacteriocinas y Probióticos (Grupo SEGABALBP), Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Egan K, Field D, Rea MC, Ross RP, Hill C, Cotter PD. Bacteriocins: Novel Solutions to Age Old Spore-Related Problems? Front Microbiol 2016; 7:461. [PMID: 27092121 PMCID: PMC4824776 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriocins are ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides produced by bacteria, which have the ability to kill or inhibit other bacteria. Many bacteriocins are produced by food grade lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Indeed, the prototypic bacteriocin, nisin, is produced by Lactococcus lactis, and is licensed in over 50 countries. With consumers becoming more concerned about the levels of chemical preservatives present in food, bacteriocins offer an alternative, more natural approach, while ensuring both food safety and product shelf life. Bacteriocins also show additive/synergistic effects when used in combination with other treatments, such as heating, high pressure, organic compounds, and as part of food packaging. These features are particularly attractive from the perspective of controlling sporeforming bacteria. Bacterial spores are common contaminants of food products, and their outgrowth may cause food spoilage or food-borne illness. They are of particular concern to the food industry due to their thermal and chemical resistance in their dormant state. However, when spores germinate they lose the majority of their resistance traits, making them susceptible to a variety of food processing treatments. Bacteriocins represent one potential treatment as they may inhibit spores in the post-germination/outgrowth phase of the spore cycle. Spore eradication and control in food is critical, as they are able to spoil and in certain cases compromise the safety of food by producing dangerous toxins. Thus, understanding the mechanisms by which bacteriocins exert their sporostatic/sporicidal activity against bacterial spores will ultimately facilitate their optimal use in food. This review will focus on the use of bacteriocins alone, or in combination with other innovative processing methods to control spores in food, the current knowledge and gaps therein with regard to bacteriocin-spore interactions and discuss future research approaches to enable spores to be more effectively targeted by bacteriocins in food settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Egan
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork Cork, Ireland
| | - Des Field
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork Cork, Ireland
| | - Mary C Rea
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, MooreparkFermoy, Ireland; APC Microbiome InstituteUniversity College Cork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome InstituteUniversity College Cork, Ireland; College of Science, Engineering and Food Science, University College CorkCork, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- School of Microbiology, University College CorkCork, Ireland; APC Microbiome InstituteUniversity College Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul D Cotter
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, MooreparkFermoy, Ireland; APC Microbiome InstituteUniversity College Cork, Ireland
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Mulder KC, de Lima LA, Aguiar PS, Carneiro FC, Franco OL, Dias SC, Parachin NS. Production of a modified peptide clavanin in Pichia pastoris: cloning, expression, purification and in vitro activities. AMB Express 2015; 5:129. [PMID: 26243173 PMCID: PMC4524883 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-015-0129-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are one of the most promising peptide-based drugs due to their enormous potential as novel biopharmaceuticals in both human and animal industries. In order to develop strategies to over produce such molecules, heterologous production of a modified version of clavanin A, here named clavanin MO (clavMO), was successfully achieved in the methylothopic yeast Pichia pastoris. ClavMO was fused to thioredoxin as a carrier protein and the construction was tested using two promoters, PAOX1 and PGAP, based on either induced or constitutive expression systems, respectively. After growth in 5 L Bioreactor, clavMO-thio was recovered and purified through size exclusion chromatography. Our findings show that both constitutive and inducible expression systems produce active clavMO fused to thioredoxin against both Gram-negative Klebsiella pneumoniae and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus microorganisms.
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Safety assessment, genetic relatedness and bacteriocin activity of potential probiotic Lactococcus lactis strains from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) and rearing environment. Eur Food Res Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-015-2493-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Jiménez JJ, Borrero J, Gútiez L, Arbulu S, Herranz C, Cintas LM, Hernández PE. Use of synthetic genes for cloning, production and functional expression of the bacteriocins enterocin A and bacteriocin E 50-52 by Pichia pastoris and Kluyveromyces lactis. Mol Biotechnol 2014; 56:571-83. [PMID: 24510220 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-014-9731-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The use of synthetic genes may constitute a successful approach for the heterologous production and functional expression of bacterial antimicrobial peptides (bacteriocins) by recombinant yeasts. In this work, synthetic genes with adapted codon usage designed from the mature amino acid sequence of the bacteriocin enterocin A (EntA), produced by Enterococcus faecium T136, and the mature bacteriocin E 50-52 (BacE50-52), produced by E. faecium NRRL B-32746, were synthesized. The synthetic entA and bacE50-52 were cloned into the protein expression vectors pPICZαA and pKLAC2 for transformation of derived vectors into Pichia pastoris X-33 and Kluyveromyces lactis GG799, respectively. The recombinant vectors were linearized and transformed into competent cells selecting for P. pastoris X-33EAS (entA), P. pastoris X-33BE50-52S (bacE50-52), K. lactis GG799EAS (entA), and K. lactis GG799BE50-52S (bacE50-52). P. pastoris X-33EAS and K. lactis GG799EAS, but not P. pastoris X-33BE50-52S and K. lactis GG799BE50-52S, showed antimicrobial activity in their supernatants. However, purification of the supernatants of the producer yeasts permitted recovery of the bacteriocins EntA and BacE50-52. Both purified bacteriocins were active against Gram-positive bacteria such as Listeria monocytogenes but not against Gram-negative bacteria, including Campylobacter jejuni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Jiménez
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Avenida Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Hu X, Mao R, Zhang Y, Teng D, Wang X, Xi D, Huang J, Wang J. Biotechnical paving of recombinant enterocin A as the candidate of anti-Listeria agent. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:220. [PMID: 25163588 PMCID: PMC4160546 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-014-0220-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enterocin A is a classic IIa bacteriocin isolated firstly from Enterococcus faecium CTC492 with selective antimicrobial activity against Listeria strains. However, the application of enterocin A as an anti-Listeria agent has been limited due to its very low native yield. The present work describes high production of enterocin A through codon optimization strategy and its character study. Results The gene sequence of enterocin A was optimized based on preferential codon usage in Pichia pastoris to increase its expression efficiency. The highest anti-Listeria activity reached 51,200 AU/ml from 180 mg/l of total protein after 24 h of induction in a 5-L fermenter. Recombinant enterocin A (rEntA), purified by gel filtration chromatography, showed very strong activity against Listeria ivanovii ATCC 19119 with a low MIC of 20 ng/ml. In addition, the rEntA killed over 99% of tested L. ivanovii ATCC19119 within 4 h when exposed to 4 × MIC (80 ng/ml). Moreover, it showed high stability under a wide pH range (2–10) and maintained full activity after 1 h of treatment at 80°C within a pH range of 2–8. Its antimicrobial activity was enhanced at 25 and 50 mM NaCl, while 100–400 mM NaCl had little effect on the bactericidal ability of rEntA. Conclusion The EntA was successfully expressed in P. pastoris, and this feasible system could pave the pre-industrial technological path of rEntA as a competent candidate as an anti-Listeria agent. Furthermore, it showed high stability under wide ranges of conditions, which could be potential as the new candidate of anti-Listeria agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jianzhong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
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Wang W, Liu C, Ma Y, Liu X, Zhang K, Zhang M. Improved production of two expansin-like proteins in Pichia pastoris and investigation of their functional properties. Biochem Eng J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2013.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Pal G, Srivastava S. Cloning and heterologous expression of plnE, -F, -J and -K genes derived from soil metagenome and purification of active plantaricin peptides. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 98:1441-7. [PMID: 23884205 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5097-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Plantaricin gene-specific primers were used to obtain plnE, -F, -J and -K structural gene amplicons from soil metagenome. These amplicons were cloned and expressed in pET32a (+) vector in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). PlnE, -F, -J and -K peptides were expressed as His-tagged-fusion proteins and were separated by Ni(2+) -chelating affinity chromatography. The peptides were released from the fusion by enterokinase cleavage and separated from the carrier thioredoxin. The cleaved peptides were further analysed for antimicrobial activity and found to be active against Listeria innocua NRRL B33314, Micrococcus luteus MTCC 106 and lactic acid bacteria, such as Enterococcus casseliflavus NRRL B3502, Lactococcus lactis lactis NRRL 1821, Lactobacillus curvatus NRRL B4562 and Lactobacillus plantarum NRRL B4496. E. coli has been successfully exploited as a host for heterologous expression with a significant yield of fused and cleaved peptides in the range of 8-12 and 1-1.5 mg/l of the culture, respectively. Heterologous expression, therefore, can be used to overcome the constraints of low yield often reported from a native strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Pal
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
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Jiménez JJ, Borrero J, Diep DB, Gútiez L, Nes IF, Herranz C, Cintas LM, Hernández PE. Cloning, production, and functional expression of the bacteriocin sakacin A (SakA) and two SakA-derived chimeras in lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and the yeasts Pichia pastoris and Kluyveromyces lactis. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 40:977-93. [PMID: 23794087 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-013-1302-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mature sakacin A (SakA, encoded by sapA) and its cognate immunity protein (SakI, encoded by sapiA), and two SakA-derived chimeras mimicking the N-terminal end of mature enterocin P (EntP/SakA) and mature enterocin A (EntA/SakA) together with SakI, were fused to different signal peptides (SP) and cloned into the protein expression vectors pNZ8048 and pMG36c for evaluation of their production and functional expression by different lactic acid bacteria. The amount, antimicrobial activity, and specific antimicrobial activity of SakA and its chimeras produced by Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris NZ9000 depended on the SP and the expression vector. Only L. lactis NZ9000 (pNUPS), producing EntP/SakA, showed higher bacteriocin production and antimicrobial activity than the natural SakA-producer Lactobacillus sakei Lb706. The lower antimicrobial activity of the SakA-producer L. lactis NZ9000 (pNUS) and that of the EntA/SakA-producer L. lactis NZ9000 (pNUAS) could be ascribed to secretion of truncated bacteriocins. On the other hand, of the Lb. sakei Lb706 cultures transformed with the pMG36c-derived vectors only Lb. sakei Lb706 (pGUS) overproducing SakA showed a higher antimicrobial activity than Lb. sakei Lb706. Finally, cloning of SakA and EntP/SakA into pPICZαA and pKLAC2 permitted the production of SakA and EntP/SakA by recombinant Pichia pastoris X-33 and Kluyveromyces lactis GG799 derivatives although their antimicrobial activity was lower than expected from their production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Jiménez
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Avenida Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Macedovicin, the second food-grade lantibiotic produced by Streptococcus macedonicus ACA-DC 198. Food Microbiol 2013; 33:124-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 07/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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O' Shea EF, Cotter PD, Ross RP, Hill C. Strategies to improve the bacteriocin protection provided by lactic acid bacteria. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2013; 24:130-4. [PMID: 23337424 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) produce a wide variety of antimicrobial peptides (bacteriocins) which contribute to the safety and preservation of fermented foods. This review discusses strategies that have been or could be employed to further enhance the commercial application of bacteriocins and/or bacteriocin-producing LAB for food use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen F O' Shea
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
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Parachin NS, Mulder KC, Viana AAB, Dias SC, Franco OL. Expression systems for heterologous production of antimicrobial peptides. Peptides 2012; 38:446-56. [PMID: 23022589 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 09/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) consist of molecules that act on the defense systems of numerous organisms toward multiple pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses. These compounds have become extremely significant due to the increasing resistance of microorganisms to common antibiotics. However, the low quantity of peptides obtained from direct purification is, to date, still a remarkable bottleneck for scientific and industrial research development. Therefore, this review describes the main heterologous systems currently used for AMP production, including bacteria, fungi and plants, and also the related strategies for reaching greater functional peptide production. The main difficulties of each system are also described in order to provide some directions for AMP production. In summary, data revised here indicate that large-scale production of AMPs can be obtained using biotechnological tools, and the products may be applied in the pharmaceutical industry as well as in agribusiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nádia Skorupa Parachin
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Iwatani S, Yoneyama F, Miyashita S, Zendo T, Nakayama J, Sonomoto K. Identification of the genes involved in the secretion and self-immunity of lacticin Q, an unmodified leaderless bacteriocin from Lactococcus lactis QU 5. Microbiology (Reading) 2012; 158:2927-2935. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.062943-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shun Iwatani
- Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Division of Applied Molecular Microbiology and Biomass Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Fuminori Yoneyama
- Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Division of Applied Molecular Microbiology and Biomass Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Shiho Miyashita
- Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Division of Applied Molecular Microbiology and Biomass Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Takeshi Zendo
- Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Division of Applied Molecular Microbiology and Biomass Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Jiro Nakayama
- Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Division of Applied Molecular Microbiology and Biomass Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Kenji Sonomoto
- Laboratory of Functional Food Design, Department of Functional Metabolic Design, Bio-Architecture Center, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
- Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Division of Applied Molecular Microbiology and Biomass Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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Masuda Y, Zendo T, Sonomoto K. New type non-lantibiotic bacteriocins: circular and leaderless bacteriocins. Benef Microbes 2012; 3:3-12. [PMID: 22348904 DOI: 10.3920/bm2011.0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides that are ribosomally synthesised by bacteria. Bacteriocins produced by Gram-positive bacteria, including lactic acid bacteria, are under focus as the next generation of safe natural biopreservatives and as therapeutic alternatives to antibiotics. Recently, two novel types of non-lantibiotic class II bacteriocins have been reported with unique characteristics in their structure and biosynthesis mechanism. One is a circular bacteriocin that contains a head-to-tail structure in the mature form, and the other is a leaderless bacteriocin without an N-terminal extension in the precursor peptide. A circular structure can provide the peptide with remarkable stability against various stresses; indeed, circular bacteriocins are known to possess higher stability than general linear bacteriocins. Leaderless bacteriocins are distinct from general bacteriocins, because they do not contain N-terminal leader sequences, which are responsible for the recognition process during secretion and for inactivation of bacteriocins inside producer cells. Leaderless bacteriocins do not require any post-translational processing for activity. These two novel types of bacteriocins are promising antimicrobial compounds, and their biosynthetic mechanisms are expected to be applied in synthetic biology to design new peptides and for new mass production systems. However, many questions remain about their biosynthesis. In this review, we introduce recent studies on these types of bacteriocins and their potential to open a new world of antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Masuda
- Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Division of Applied Molecular Microbiology and Biomass Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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Cloning, production, and functional expression of the bacteriocin enterocin A, produced by Enterococcus faecium T136, by the yeasts Pichia pastoris, Kluyveromyces lactis, Hansenula polymorpha, and Arxula adeninivorans. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:5956-61. [PMID: 22685156 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00530-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacteriocin enterocin A (EntA) produced by Enterococcus faecium T136 has been successfully cloned and produced by the yeasts Pichia pastoris X-33EA, Kluyveromyces lactis GG799EA, Hansenula polymorpha KL8-1EA, and Arxula adeninivorans G1212EA. Moreover, P. pastoris X-33EA and K. lactis GG799EA produced EntA in larger amounts and with higher antimicrobial and specific antimicrobial activities than the EntA produced by E. faecium T136.
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Current awareness on yeast. Yeast 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.1721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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