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Sato Y, Wippler J, Wentrup C, Ansorge R, Sadowski M, Gruber-Vodicka H, Dubilier N, Kleiner M. Fidelity varies in the symbiosis between a gutless marine worm and its microbial consortium. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:178. [PMID: 36273146 PMCID: PMC9587655 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01372-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many animals live in intimate associations with a species-rich microbiome. A key factor in maintaining these beneficial associations is fidelity, defined as the stability of associations between hosts and their microbiota over multiple host generations. Fidelity has been well studied in terrestrial hosts, particularly insects, over longer macroevolutionary time. In contrast, little is known about fidelity in marine animals with species-rich microbiomes at short microevolutionary time scales, that is at the level of a single host population. Given that natural selection acts most directly on local populations, studies of microevolutionary partner fidelity are important for revealing the ecological and evolutionary processes that drive intimate beneficial associations within animal species. RESULTS In this study on the obligate symbiosis between the gutless marine annelid Olavius algarvensis and its consortium of seven co-occurring bacterial symbionts, we show that partner fidelity varies across symbiont species from strict to absent over short microevolutionary time. Using a low-coverage sequencing approach that has not yet been applied to microbial community analyses, we analysed the metagenomes of 80 O. algarvensis individuals from the Mediterranean and compared host mitochondrial and symbiont phylogenies based on single-nucleotide polymorphisms across genomes. Fidelity was highest for the two chemoautotrophic, sulphur-oxidizing symbionts that dominated the microbial consortium of all O. algarvensis individuals. In contrast, fidelity was only intermediate to absent in the sulphate-reducing and spirochaetal symbionts with lower abundance. These differences in fidelity are likely driven by both selective and stochastic forces acting on the consistency with which symbionts are vertically transmitted. CONCLUSIONS We hypothesize that variable degrees of fidelity are advantageous for O. algarvensis by allowing the faithful transmission of their nutritionally most important symbionts and flexibility in the acquisition of other symbionts that promote ecological plasticity in the acquisition of environmental resources. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Sato
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstr. 1, D-28359, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Juliane Wippler
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstr. 1, D-28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Cecilia Wentrup
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstr. 1, D-28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Rebecca Ansorge
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstr. 1, D-28359, Bremen, Germany
- Gut Microbes and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Miriam Sadowski
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstr. 1, D-28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Harald Gruber-Vodicka
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstr. 1, D-28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Nicole Dubilier
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstr. 1, D-28359, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Manuel Kleiner
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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Abstract
Microbial communities associated with deep-sea animals are critical to the establishment of novel biological communities in unusual environments. Over the past few decades, rapid exploration of the deep sea has enabled the discovery of novel microbial communities, some of which form symbiotic relationships with animal hosts. Symbiosis in the deep sea changes host physiology, behavior, ecology, and evolution over time and space. Symbiont diversity within a host is often aligned with diverse metabolic pathways that broaden the environmental niche for the animal host. In this review, we focus on microbiomes and obligate symbionts found in different deep-sea habitats and how they facilitate survival of the organisms that live in these environments. In addition, we discuss factors that govern microbiome diversity, host specificity, and biogeography in the deep sea. Finally, we highlight the current limitations of microbiome research and draw a road map for future directions to advance our knowledge of microbiomes in the deep sea. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Animal Biosciences, Volume 10 is February 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eslam O Osman
- Biology Department, Eberly College, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA; .,Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.,Marine Biology Lab, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alexis M Weinnig
- Biology Department, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Sogin EM, Kleiner M, Borowski C, Gruber-Vodicka HR, Dubilier N. Life in the Dark: Phylogenetic and Physiological Diversity of Chemosynthetic Symbioses. Annu Rev Microbiol 2021; 75:695-718. [PMID: 34351792 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-051021-123130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Possibly the last discovery of a previously unknown major ecosystem on Earth was made just over half a century ago, when researchers found teaming communities of animals flourishing two and a half kilometers below the ocean surface at hydrothermal vents. We now know that these highly productive ecosystems are based on nutritional symbioses between chemosynthetic bacteria and eukaryotes and that these chemosymbioses are ubiquitous in both deep-sea and shallow-water environments. The symbionts are primary producers that gain energy from the oxidation of reduced compounds, such as sulfide and methane, to fix carbon dioxide or methane into biomass to feed their hosts. This review outlines how the symbiotic partners have adapted to living together. We first focus on the phylogenetic and metabolic diversity of these symbioses and then highlight selected research directions that could advance our understanding of the processes that shaped the evolutionary and ecological success of these associations. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Microbiology, Volume 75 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Maggie Sogin
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359, Bremen, Germany; ,
| | - Manuel Kleiner
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, USA
| | - Christian Borowski
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359, Bremen, Germany; , .,MARUM-Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Nicole Dubilier
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359, Bremen, Germany; , .,MARUM-Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, 28359, Bremen, Germany
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Calabro K, Jennings LK, Lasserre P, Doohan R, Rodrigues D, Reyes F, Ramos C, Thomas OP. Nebulosins: Trisubstituted Thiolane Natural Products from the Northeastern Atlantic Annelid Eupolymnia nebulosa. J Org Chem 2020; 85:14026-14041. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Calabro
- Marine Biodiscovery, School of Chemistry and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Laurence K. Jennings
- Marine Biodiscovery, School of Chemistry and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
- National Marine Biodiscovery Laboratory of Ireland, Marine Institute, Renville West, Oranmore H91 R673, Ireland
| | - Perrine Lasserre
- Marine Biodiscovery, School of Chemistry and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Roisin Doohan
- Marine Biodiscovery, School of Chemistry and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Daniel Rodrigues
- Marine Biodiscovery, School of Chemistry and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
- National Marine Biodiscovery Laboratory of Ireland, Marine Institute, Renville West, Oranmore H91 R673, Ireland
| | - Fernando Reyes
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento 34, Armilla, Granada E-18016, Spain
| | - Carmen Ramos
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento 34, Armilla, Granada E-18016, Spain
| | - Olivier P. Thomas
- Marine Biodiscovery, School of Chemistry and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
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Friel AD, Neiswenter SA, Seymour CO, Bali LR, McNamara G, Leija F, Jewell J, Hedlund BP. Microbiome Shifts Associated With the Introduction of Wild Atlantic Horseshoe Crabs ( Limulus polyphemus) Into a Touch-Tank Exhibit. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1398. [PMID: 32765431 PMCID: PMC7381184 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Atlantic horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) is a common marine aquarium species and model organism for research. There is potential monetary and conservation value in developing a stable captive population of horseshoe crabs, however, one major impediment to achieving captivity is a lack of knowledge regarding captive diseases. We utilized 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to track changes in the microbiomes of four body locations in three wild-caught (tracked over 14 months in captivity) and three tank-acclimated (>2 years in captivity) adult L. polyphemus in a touch tank at Shark Reef Aquarium at Mandalay Bay in Las Vegas, NV. The wild population hosted diverse and distinct microbiomes on the carapace (260 ± 96 amplicon sequence variants or ASVs), cloaca (345 ± 77 ASVs), gills (309 ± 36 ASVs), and oral cavity (359 ± 37 ASVs), which were dominated by classes Gammaproteobacteria, Bacteroidia, and Alphaproteobacteria. A rapid decline in richness across all body locations was observed within 1 month of captivity, with tank-acclimated (>2 years) animals having <5% of the initial microbiome richness and a nearly completely restructured microbial community. Tank-acclimated horseshoe crabs possessed distinct microbiomes that were highly uneven and low in species richness on the carapace (31 ± 7 ASVs), cloaca (53 ± 19 ASVs), gills (17 ± 2 ASVs), and oral cavity (31 ± 13 ASVs). The carapace, oral cavity, and gills of the tank-acclimated animals hosted abundant populations of Aeromonas (>60%) and Pseudomonas (>20%), both of which are known opportunistic pathogens of aquatic animals and can express chitinases, providing a plausible mechanism for the development of the carapace lesion pathology observed in this and other studies. The cloaca of the tank-acclimated animals was slightly more diverse than the other body locations with Aeromonas, Enterococcus, Shewanella, and Vagococcus dominating the community. These results provide an important baseline on the microbiomes of both wild and tank-acclimated horseshoe crabs and underscore the need to continue to investigate how native microbial populations may protect animals from pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel D Friel
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Sean A Neiswenter
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Cale O Seymour
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Lauren Rose Bali
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Ginger McNamara
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Fabian Leija
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Jack Jewell
- Shark Reef Aquarium at Mandalay Bay, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Brian P Hedlund
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, United States.,Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, United States
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Bacterial Intracellular Sulphur Globules. BACTERIAL ORGANELLES AND ORGANELLE-LIKE INCLUSIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-60173-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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