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Prioux C, Ferrier-Pages C, Deter J, Tignat-Perrier R, Guilbert A, Ballesta L, Allemand D, van de Water JAJM. Insights into the occurrence of phylosymbiosis and co-phylogeny in the holobionts of octocorals from the Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea. Anim Microbiome 2024; 6:62. [PMID: 39497183 PMCID: PMC11533408 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-024-00351-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 10/24/2024] [Indexed: 11/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corals are the foundational species of coral reefs and coralligenous ecosystems. Their success has been linked to symbioses with microorganisms, and a coral host and its symbionts are therefore considered a single entity, called the holobiont. This suggests that there may be evolutionary links between corals and their microbiomes. While there is evidence of phylosymbiosis in scleractinian hexacorals, little is known about the holobionts of Alcyonacean octocorals. RESULTS 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed differences in the diversity and composition of bacterial communities associated with octocorals collected from the mesophotic zones of the Mediterranean and Red Seas. The low diversity and consistent dominance of Endozoicomonadaceae and/or Spirochaetaceae in the bacterial communities of Mediterranean octocorals suggest that these corals may have a shared evolutionary history with their microbiota. Phylosymbiotic signals were indeed detected and cophylogeny in associations between several bacterial strains, particularly those belonging to Endozoicomonadaceae or Spirochaetaceae, and coral species were identified. Conversely, phylosymbiotic patterns were not evident in Red Sea octocorals, likely due to the high bacterial taxonomic diversity in their microbiota, but cophylogeny in associations between certain coral and bacterial species was observed. Noteworthy were the associations with Endozoicomonadaceae, suggesting a plausible evolutionary link that warrants further investigations to uncover potential underlying patterns. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings emphasize the importance of Endozoicomonadaceae and Spirochaetaceae in coral symbiosis and the significance of exploring host-microbiome interactions in mesophotic ecosystems for a comprehensive understanding of coral-microbiome evolutionary history.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Prioux
- Unité de Recherche Sur La Biologie des Coraux Précieux CSM - CHANEL, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000, Monaco, MC, Principality of Monaco
- Coral Ecophysiology Team, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000, Monaco, MC, Principality of Monaco
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000, Monaco, MC, Principality of Monaco
| | - C Ferrier-Pages
- Coral Ecophysiology Team, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000, Monaco, MC, Principality of Monaco.
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000, Monaco, MC, Principality of Monaco.
| | - J Deter
- Andromède Océanologie, 7 place Cassan-Carnon plage, 34130, Mauguio, France
- MARBEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - R Tignat-Perrier
- Unité de Recherche Sur La Biologie des Coraux Précieux CSM - CHANEL, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000, Monaco, MC, Principality of Monaco
- Coral Ecophysiology Team, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000, Monaco, MC, Principality of Monaco
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000, Monaco, MC, Principality of Monaco
| | - A Guilbert
- Andromède Océanologie, 7 place Cassan-Carnon plage, 34130, Mauguio, France
| | - L Ballesta
- Andromède Océanologie, 7 place Cassan-Carnon plage, 34130, Mauguio, France
| | - D Allemand
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000, Monaco, MC, Principality of Monaco
| | - J A J M van de Water
- Unité de Recherche Sur La Biologie des Coraux Précieux CSM - CHANEL, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000, Monaco, MC, Principality of Monaco.
- Coral Ecophysiology Team, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000, Monaco, MC, Principality of Monaco.
- Department of Estuarine Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Korringaweg 7, 4401 NT, Yerseke, The Netherlands.
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Bonacolta AM, Miravall J, Gómez-Gras D, Ledoux JB, López-Sendino P, Garrabou J, Massana R, Del Campo J. Differential apicomplexan presence predicts thermal stress mortality in the Mediterranean coral Paramuricea clavata. Environ Microbiol 2024; 26:e16548. [PMID: 38072822 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Paramuricea clavata is an ecosystem architect of the Mediterranean temperate reefs that is currently threatened by episodic mass mortality events related to global warming. The microbiome may play an active role in the thermal stress susceptibility of corals, potentially holding the answer as to why corals show differential sensitivity to heat stress. To investigate this, the prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbiome of P. clavata collected from around the Mediterranean was characterised before experimental heat stress to determine if its microbial composition influences the thermal response of the holobiont. We found that members of P. clavata's microeukaryotic community were significantly correlated with thermal stress sensitivity. Syndiniales from the Dino-Group I Clade 1 were significantly enriched in thermally resistant corals, while the apicomplexan corallicolids were significantly enriched in thermally susceptible corals. We hypothesise that P. clavata mortality following heat stress may be caused by a shift from apparent commensalism to parasitism in the corallicolid-coral host relationship driven by the added stress. Our results show the potential importance of corallicolids and the rest of the microeukaryotic community of corals to understanding thermal stress response in corals and provide a useful tool to guide conservation efforts and future research into coral-associated microeukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M Bonacolta
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
- Programa de Biodiversiat, Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Miravall
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Daniel Gómez-Gras
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kaneohe, Hawaii, USA
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jean-Baptiste Ledoux
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula López-Sendino
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joaquim Garrabou
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ramon Massana
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Javier Del Campo
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
- Programa de Biodiversiat, Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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3
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Prioux C, Tignat-Perrier R, Gervais O, Estaque T, Schull Q, Reynaud S, Béraud E, Mérigot B, Beauvieux A, Marcus MI, Richaume J, Bianchimani O, Cheminée A, Allemand D, Ferrier-Pagès C. Unveiling microbiome changes in Mediterranean octocorals during the 2022 marine heatwaves: quantifying key bacterial symbionts and potential pathogens. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:271. [PMID: 38053218 PMCID: PMC10696765 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01711-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Climate change has accelerated the occurrence and severity of heatwaves in the Mediterranean Sea and poses a significant threat to the octocoral species that form the foundation of marine animal forests (MAFs). As coral health intricately relies on the symbiotic relationships established between corals and microbial communities, our goal was to gain a deeper understanding of the role of bacteria in the observed tissue loss of key octocoral species following the unprecedented heatwaves in 2022. RESULTS Using amplicon sequencing and taxon-specific qPCR analyses, we unexpectedly found that the absolute abundance of the major bacterial symbionts, Spirochaetaceae (C. rubrum) and Endozoicomonas (P. clavata), remained, in most cases, unchanged between colonies with 0% and 90% tissue loss. These results suggest that the impairment of coral health was not due to the loss of the main bacterial symbionts. However, we observed a significant increase in the total abundance of bacterial opportunists, including putative pathogens such as Vibrio, which was not evident when only their relative abundance was considered. In addition, there was no clear relation between bacterial symbiont loss and the intensity of thermal stress, suggesting that factors other than temperature may have influenced the differential response of octocoral microbiomes at different sampling sites. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that tissue loss in octocorals is not directly caused by the decline of the main bacterial symbionts but by the proliferation of opportunistic and pathogenic bacteria. Our findings thus underscore the significance of considering both relative and absolute quantification approaches when evaluating the impact of stressors on coral microbiome as the relative quantification does not accurately depict the actual changes in the microbiome. Consequently, this research enhances our comprehension of the intricate interplay between host organisms, their microbiomes, and environmental stressors, while offering valuable insights into the ecological implications of heatwaves on marine animal forests. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Prioux
- Collège Doctoral, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Unité de Recherche sur la Biologie des Coraux Précieux CSM - CHANEL, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, Monaco, MC-98000 Monaco, Principality of Monaco
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, Monaco, MC 98000, Principality of Monaco
| | - Romie Tignat-Perrier
- Unité de Recherche sur la Biologie des Coraux Précieux CSM - CHANEL, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, Monaco, MC-98000 Monaco, Principality of Monaco
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, Monaco, MC 98000, Principality of Monaco
| | - Ophélie Gervais
- Unité de Recherche sur la Biologie des Coraux Précieux CSM - CHANEL, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, Monaco, MC-98000 Monaco, Principality of Monaco
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, Monaco, MC 98000, Principality of Monaco
| | - Tristan Estaque
- Septentrion Environnement, Campus Nature Provence, Marseille, 13008, France
| | - Quentin Schull
- MARBEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Sète, France
| | - Stéphanie Reynaud
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, Monaco, MC 98000, Principality of Monaco
| | - Eric Béraud
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, Monaco, MC 98000, Principality of Monaco
| | | | | | - Maria-Isabelle Marcus
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, Monaco, MC 98000, Principality of Monaco
| | - Justine Richaume
- Septentrion Environnement, Campus Nature Provence, Marseille, 13008, France
| | | | - Adrien Cheminée
- Septentrion Environnement, Campus Nature Provence, Marseille, 13008, France
| | - Denis Allemand
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, Monaco, MC 98000, Principality of Monaco
| | - Christine Ferrier-Pagès
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, Monaco, MC 98000, Principality of Monaco.
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Tignat-Perrier R, van de Water JAJM, Allemand D, Ferrier-Pagès C. Holobiont responses of mesophotic precious red coral Corallium rubrum to thermal anomalies. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOME 2023; 18:70. [PMID: 37580830 PMCID: PMC10424431 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-023-00525-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Marine heat waves (MHWs) have increased in frequency and intensity worldwide, causing mass mortality of benthic organisms and loss of biodiversity in shallow waters. The Mediterranean Sea is no exception, with shallow populations of habitat-forming octocorals facing the threat of local extinction. The mesophotic zone, which is less affected by MHWs, may be of ecological importance in conservation strategies for these species. However, our understanding of the response of mesophotic octocoral holobionts to changes in seawater temperature remains limited. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a study on an iconic Mediterranean octocoral, the red coral Corallium rubrum sampled at 60 m depth and 15 °C. We exposed the colonies to temperatures they occasionally experience (18 °C) and temperatures that could occur at the end of the century if global warming continues (21 °C). We also tested their response to extremely cold and warm temperatures (12 °C and 24 °C). Our results show a high tolerance of C. rubrum to a two-month long exposure to temperatures ranging from 12 to 21 °C as no colony showed signs of tissue loss, reduced feeding ability, stress-induced gene expression, or disruption of host-bacterial symbioses. At 24 °C, however, we measured a sharp decrease in the relative abundance of Spirochaetaceae, which are the predominant bacterial symbionts under healthy conditions, along with a relative increase in Vibrionaceae. Tissue loss and overexpression of the tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 gene were also observed after two weeks of exposure. In light of ongoing global warming, our study helps predict the consequences of MHWs on mesophotic coralligenous reefs and the biodiversity that depends on them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romie Tignat-Perrier
- Unité de Recherche sur la Biologie des Coraux Précieux CSM-CHANEL, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000, Monaco, Principality of Monaco.
- Coral Ecophysiology Laboratory, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000, Monaco, Principality of Monaco.
| | - Jeroen A J M van de Water
- Unité de Recherche sur la Biologie des Coraux Précieux CSM-CHANEL, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000, Monaco, Principality of Monaco
- Coral Ecophysiology Laboratory, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000, Monaco, Principality of Monaco
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Korringaweg 7, 4401 NT, Yerseke, The Netherlands
| | - Denis Allemand
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000, Monaco, Principality of Monaco
| | - Christine Ferrier-Pagès
- Coral Ecophysiology Laboratory, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000, Monaco, Principality of Monaco
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5
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Segaran TC, Azra MN, Lananan F, Wang Y. Microbe, climate change and marine environment: Linking trends and research hotspots. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023:106015. [PMID: 37291004 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microbes, or microorganisms, have been the foundation of the biosphere for over 3 billion years and have played an essential role in shaping our planet. The available knowledge on the topic of microbes associated with climate change has the potential to reshape upcoming research trends globally. As climate change impacts the ocean or marine ecosystem, the responses of these "unseen life" will heavily influence the achievement of a sustainable evolutionary environment. The present study aims to identify microbial-related research under changing climate within the marine environment through the mapping of visualized graphs of the available literature. We used scientometric methods to retrieve documents from the Web of Science platform in the Core Collection (WOSCC) database, analyzing a total of 2767 documents based on scientometric indicators. Our findings show that this research area is growing exponentially, with the most influential keywords being "microbial diversity," "bacteria," and "ocean acidification," and the most cited being "microorganism" and "diversity." The identification of influential clusters in the field of marine science provides insight into the hot spots and frontiers of research in this area. Prominent clusters include "coral microbiome," "hypoxic zone," "novel Thermoplasmatota clade," "marine dinoflagellate bloom," and "human health." Analyzing emerging trends and transformative changes in this field can inform the creation of special issues or research topics in selected journals, thus increasing visibility and engagement among the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirukanthan Chandra Segaran
- Climate Change Adaptation Laboratory, Institute of Marine Biotechnology (IMB), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Mohamad Nor Azra
- Climate Change Adaptation Laboratory, Institute of Marine Biotechnology (IMB), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Research Center for Marine and Land Bioindustry, Earth Sciences and Maritime Organization, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Pemenang, West Nusa Tenggara, 83352, Indonesia.
| | - Fathurrahman Lananan
- East Coast Environmental Research Institute, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus, 21300, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Youji Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
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Thirukanthan CS, Azra MN, Lananan F, Sara’ G, Grinfelde I, Rudovica V, Vincevica-Gaile Z, Burlakovs J. The Evolution of Coral Reef under Changing Climate: A Scientometric Review. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050949. [PMID: 36899805 PMCID: PMC10000160 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this scientometric review, we employ the Web of Science Core Collection to assess current publications and research trends regarding coral reefs in relation to climate change. Thirty-seven keywords for climate change and seven keywords for coral reefs were used in the analysis of 7743 articles on coral reefs and climate change. The field entered an accelerated uptrend phase in 2016, and it is anticipated that this phase will last for the next 5 to 10 years of research publication and citation. The United States and Australia have produced the greatest number of publications in this field. A cluster (i.e., focused issue) analysis showed that coral bleaching dominated the literature from 2000 to 2010, ocean acidification from 2010 to 2020, and sea-level rise, as well as the central Red Sea (Africa/Asia), in 2021. Three different types of keywords appear in the analysis based on which are the (i) most recent (2021), (ii) most influential (highly cited), and (iii) mostly used (frequently used keywords in the article) in the field. The Great Barrier Reef, which is found in the waters of Australia, is thought to be the subject of current coral reef and climate change research. Interestingly, climate-induced temperature changes in "ocean warming" and "sea surface temperature" are the most recent significant and dominant keywords in the coral reef and climate change area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Segaran Thirukanthan
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology (IMB), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Nor Azra
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology (IMB), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Research Center for Marine and Land Bioindustry, Earth Sciences and Maritime Organization, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Pemenang 83352, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (M.N.A.); (J.B.); Tel.: +609-6683785 (M.N.A.)
| | - Fathurrahman Lananan
- East Coast Environmental Research Institute, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Gong Badak Campus, Kuala Nerus 21300, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Gianluca Sara’
- Laboratory of Ecology, Earth and Marine Sciences Department, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Inga Grinfelde
- Laboratory of Forest and Water Resources, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, LV-3001 Jelgava, Latvia
| | - Vite Rudovica
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Juris Burlakovs
- Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-261 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.N.A.); (J.B.); Tel.: +609-6683785 (M.N.A.)
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7
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Zhu W, Wang H, Li X, Liu X, Zhu M, Wang A, Li X. Consistent responses of coral microbiome to acute and chronic heat stress exposures. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 185:105900. [PMID: 36731191 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.105900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Frequent and intense heat waves lead to bleaching and even death of reef-building corals, and the thermal tolerance ultimately depends on the genetic composition of the holobiont. Here, we compared the effects of acute and chronic heat stress exposures on coral Porites cylindrica holobiont. Regardless of the temperature treatment, corals at 33 °C showed signs of bleaching and a significant decrease in photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm). However, Symbiodiniaceae communities were relatively stable and all dominated by the same genus Cladocopium (C15). The relative abundanbce of core microbiome varied significantly, and they may provide several functions important to holobiont fitness. Both heat stress exposures induced the significant structural reorganization of coral-associated bacteria, with bacterial diversity and community heterogeneity significantly increasing with the temperature treatment. The modified stochasticity ratio (MST) revealed that stochastic processes dominated bacterial community assembly in thermally stressed corals. Certain core bacterial members that were hypothesized to fulfil functional niche decreased significantly, with the enrichment of potentially pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria in heat stress exposures. Thermally stressed corals had more positive correlation, higher network complexity and tighter associations among microbial taxa, relative to healthy corals. Overall, the coral microbiome exhibits similar responses to acute and chronic heat stress, and our study provides new insights about the deleterious impacts of complex warming oceans on coral holobiont.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Zhu
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xinke Li
- College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiangbo Liu
- College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Ming Zhu
- College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Aimin Wang
- College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiubao Li
- College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China.
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8
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Exploring the response of a key Mediterranean gorgonian to heat stress across biological and spatial scales. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21064. [PMID: 36473926 PMCID: PMC9726941 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25565-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the factors and processes that shape intra-specific sensitivity to heat stress is fundamental to better predicting the vulnerability of benthic species to climate change. Here, we investigate the response of a habitat-forming Mediterranean octocoral, the red gorgonian Paramuricea clavata (Risso, 1826) to thermal stress at multiple biological and geographical scales. Samples from eleven P. clavata populations inhabiting four localities separated by hundreds to more than 1500 km of coast and with contrasting thermal histories were exposed to a critical temperature threshold (25 °C) in a common garden experiment in aquaria. Ten of the 11 populations lacked thermotolerance to the experimental conditions provided (25 days at 25 °C), with 100% or almost 100% colony mortality by the end of the experiment. Furthermore, we found no significant association between local average thermal regimes nor recent thermal history (i.e., local water temperatures in the 3 months prior to the experiment) and population thermotolerance. Overall, our results suggest that local adaptation and/or acclimation to warmer conditions have a limited role in the response of P. clavata to thermal stress. The study also confirms the sensitivity of this species to warm temperatures across its distributional range and questions its adaptive capacity under ocean warming conditions. However, important inter-individual variation in thermotolerance was found within populations, particularly those exposed to the most severe prior marine heatwaves. These observations suggest that P. clavata could harbor adaptive potential to future warming acting on standing genetic variation (i.e., divergent selection) and/or environmentally-induced phenotypic variation (i.e., intra- and/or intergenerational plasticity).
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9
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Maire J, Buerger P, Chan WY, Deore P, Dungan AM, Nitschke MR, van Oppen MJH. Effects of Ocean Warming on the Underexplored Members of the Coral Microbiome. Integr Comp Biol 2022; 62:1700-1709. [PMID: 35259253 PMCID: PMC9801979 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The climate crisis is one of the most significant threats to marine ecosystems. It is leading to severe increases in sea surface temperatures and in the frequency and magnitude of marine heatwaves. These changing conditions are directly impacting coral reef ecosystems, which are among the most biodiverse ecosystems on Earth. Coral-associated symbionts are particularly affected because summer heatwaves cause coral bleaching-the loss of endosymbiotic microalgae (Symbiodiniaceae) from coral tissues, leading to coral starvation and death. Coral-associated Symbiodiniaceae and bacteria have been extensively studied in the context of climate change, especially in terms of community diversity and dynamics. However, data on other microorganisms and their response to climate change are scarce. Here, we review current knowledge on how increasing temperatures affect understudied coral-associated microorganisms such as archaea, fungi, viruses, and protists other than Symbiodiniaceae, as well as microbe-microbe interactions. We show that the coral-microbe symbiosis equilibrium is at risk under current and predicted future climate change and argue that coral reef conservation initiatives should include microbe-focused approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick Buerger
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia,Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Wing Yan Chan
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Pranali Deore
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ashley M Dungan
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | | | - Madeleine J H van Oppen
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia,Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia
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