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Boonruang P, Lerkkasemsan N. Re-parameterization of the asymmetric model for fungal spore germination. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 384:109974. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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2
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Dimitra Papagianeli S, Lianou A, Aspridou Z, Stathas L, Koutsoumanis K. The magnitude of heterogeneity in individual-cell growth dynamics is an inherent characteristic of Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium strains. Food Res Int 2022; 162:111991. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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3
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Qiu X, Chang J, Jin Y, Wu WJ. Pulsed Electric Field Treatments with Nonlethal Field Strength Alter the Properties of Bacterial Spores. J Food Prot 2022; 85:1053-1060. [PMID: 35512130 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment, an alternative to thermal processing in the food industry, is insufficient to inactivate bacterial spores. Although spores that have been treated in this manner remain alive, specific understanding of their physiological properties is limited. The purpose of this study is to describe the morphology, viability, and germination behavior of Bacillus atrophaeus spores treated with PEF. Our findings indicate that nonlethal PEF treatment results in spore deformation, dipicolinic acid (DPA) leakage, and a shorter and more uniform germination lag time (\(\def\upalpha{\unicode[Times]{x3B1}}\)\(\def\upbeta{\unicode[Times]{x3B2}}\)\(\def\upgamma{\unicode[Times]{x3B3}}\)\(\def\updelta{\unicode[Times]{x3B4}}\)\(\def\upvarepsilon{\unicode[Times]{x3B5}}\)\(\def\upzeta{\unicode[Times]{x3B6}}\)\(\def\upeta{\unicode[Times]{x3B7}}\)\(\def\uptheta{\unicode[Times]{x3B8}}\)\(\def\upiota{\unicode[Times]{x3B9}}\)\(\def\upkappa{\unicode[Times]{x3BA}}\)\(\def\uplambda{\unicode[Times]{x3BB}}\)\(\def\upmu{\unicode[Times]{x3BC}}\)\(\def\upnu{\unicode[Times]{x3BD}}\)\(\def\upxi{\unicode[Times]{x3BE}}\)\(\def\upomicron{\unicode[Times]{x3BF}}\)\(\def\uppi{\unicode[Times]{x3C0}}\)\(\def\uprho{\unicode[Times]{x3C1}}\)\(\def\upsigma{\unicode[Times]{x3C3}}\)\(\def\uptau{\unicode[Times]{x3C4}}\)\(\def\upupsilon{\unicode[Times]{x3C5}}\)\(\def\upphi{\unicode[Times]{x3C6}}\)\(\def\upchi{\unicode[Times]{x3C7}}\)\(\def\uppsy{\unicode[Times]{x3C8}}\)\(\def\upomega{\unicode[Times]{x3C9}}\)\(\def\bialpha{\boldsymbol{\alpha}}\)\(\def\bibeta{\boldsymbol{\beta}}\)\(\def\bigamma{\boldsymbol{\gamma}}\)\(\def\bidelta{\boldsymbol{\delta}}\)\(\def\bivarepsilon{\boldsymbol{\varepsilon}}\)\(\def\bizeta{\boldsymbol{\zeta}}\)\(\def\bieta{\boldsymbol{\eta}}\)\(\def\bitheta{\boldsymbol{\theta}}\)\(\def\biiota{\\boldsymbol{\iota}}\)\(\def\bikappa{\boldsymbol{\kappa}}\)\(\def\bilambda{\boldsymbol{\lambda}}\)\(\def\\bimu{\boldsymbol{\mu}}\)\(\def\binu{\boldsymbol{\nu}}\)\(\def\bixi{\boldsymbol{\xi}}\)\(\def\biomicron{\boldsymbol{\micron}}\)\(\def\bipi{\boldsymbol{\pi}}\)\(\def\birho{\boldsymbol{\rho}}\)\(\def\bisigma{\boldsymbol{\sigma}}\)\(\def\bitau{\boldsymbol{\\tau}}\)\(\def\biupsilon{\boldsymbol{\upsilon}}\)\(\def\biphi{\boldsymbol{\phi}}\)\(\def\bichi{\boldsymbol{\chi}}\)\(\def\bipsy{\boldsymbol{\psy}}\)\(\def\biomega{\boldsymbol{\omega}}\)\(\def\bupalpha{\bf{\alpha}}\)\(\def\bupbeta{\bf{\beta}}\)\(\def\bupgamma{\bf{\gamma}}\)\(\def\bupdelta{\bf{\delta}}\)\(\def\bupvarepsilon{\bf{\varepsilon}}\)\(\def\bupzeta{\bf{\zeta}}\)\(\def\bupeta{\bf{\eta}}\)\(\def\buptheta{\bf{\theta}}\)\(\def\bupiota{\bf{\iota}}\)\(\def\bupkappa{\bf{\kappa}}\)\(\def\\buplambda{\bf{\lambda}}\)\(\def\bupmu{\bf{\mu}}\)\(\def\bupnu{\bf{\nu}}\)\(\def\bupxi{\bf{\xi}}\)\(\def\bupomicron{\bf{\micron}}\)\(\def\buppi{\bf{\pi}}\)\(\def\buprho{\bf{\rho}}\)\(\def\bupsigma{\bf{\sigma}}\)\(\def\buptau{\bf{\tau}}\)\(\def\bupupsilon{\bf{\upsilon}}\)\(\def\bupphi{\bf{\phi}}\)\(\def\bupchi{\bf{\chi}}\)\(\def\buppsy{\bf{\psy}}\)\(\def\bupomega{\bf{\omega}}\)\(\def\bGamma{\bf{\Gamma}}\)\(\def\bDelta{\bf{\Delta}}\)\(\def\bTheta{\bf{\Theta}}\)\(\def\bLambda{\bf{\Lambda}}\)\(\def\bXi{\bf{\Xi}}\)\(\def\bPi{\bf{\Pi}}\)\(\def\bSigma{\bf{\Sigma}}\)\(\def\bPhi{\bf{\Phi}}\)\(\def\bPsi{\bf{\Psi}}\)\(\def\bOmega{\bf{\Omega}}\)\({T_{{\rm{lag}}}}\)), but that there is no change in release duration (\(\Delta {T_{{\rm{release}}}}\)), germination ratio, or viability. Based on our findings, we conclude that an intact morphologic state and DPA content are not prerequisites for germination and full viability and that, in contrast to nutrient-induced germination in which initially slowly released DPA triggers subsequent germination events, leaked DPA during PEF treatment does not. Spores that have been subjected to this procedure remain dormant and preserve their full germinability. We found that PEF-treated spores respond to germinants more quickly and with less heterogeneity, possibly because the tiny cracks formed on the spore surface facilitate the germinants' access to the germination receptors situated on the spore's inner membrane. The consensus view that nonlethal PEF has less impact on spores that are still capable of forming CFUs under proper conditions is one-sided. This research advances our understanding of how spores behave following nonlethal PEF treatment and gives information on the topics of nosocomial sterilization, food safety, and public health. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Qiu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhui Chang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Jin
- Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, People's Republic of China.,Faculty of Business, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Jie Wu
- Department of Radiation Physics, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, People's Republic of China
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Wu WJ, Chang J. Effect of oxygen on the germination and culturability of Bacillus atrophaeus spores. Int Microbiol 2022; 25:353-363. [PMID: 34993648 PMCID: PMC9132810 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-021-00229-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The effect of oxygen on the germination and culturability of aerobic Bacillus atrophaeus spores was investigated in this study. Under oxic or anoxic conditions, various nutritional and non-nutritional germinants were utilized to induce germination. Tb3+-dipicolinic acid fluorescence assay and phase-contrast microscopy were used to track the germination process. The final germination level, germination half time, and germination speed were used to define germination kinetics. Colony-forming unit enumeration was used to assess the culturability of germinated spores germinated with or without oxygen. The results show that in the absence of oxygen, the final germination level was unaffected, germination half time decreased by up to 35.0%, germination speed increased by up to 27.4%, and culturability decreased by up to 95.1%. It is suggested that oxygen affects some germinant receptor-dependent germination pathways, implying that biomolecules engaged in these pathways may be oxygen-sensitive. Furthermore, spores that have completed the germination process in either anoxic or oxic conditions may have different culturability. This research contributed to a better understanding of the fundamental mechanism of germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jie Wu
- Department of Radiation Physics, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China. .,Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jinhui Chang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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Maddalena G, Russo G, Toffolatti SL. The Study of the Germination Dynamics of Plasmopara viticola Oospores Highlights the Presence of Phenotypic Synchrony With the Host. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:698586. [PMID: 34305864 PMCID: PMC8297619 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.698586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant disease onset is a complex event that occurs when the pathogen and the host encounter in a favorable environment. While the plant–pathogen interaction has been much investigated, little attention has been given to the phenological synchrony of the event, especially when both plant and pathogen overwinter, as in the case of grapevines and the downy mildew agent, the oomycete Plasmopara viticola. Oospores allow this obligate parasite to survive grapevine dormancy and, germinating, produce inoculum for primary infections. During overwintering, environmental factors influence the potential oospore germination. This study aimed at investigating the existence of synchrony between the pathogen and the host by identifying and quantifying the most important factors determining oospore maturation and germination and the relationship existing with grapevine phenology. Generalized linear models (GLM and GLMM) were used to analyze the germination dynamics of the oospores overwintered in controlled and field conditions and incubated in isothermal conditions, and oospore viability tests were carried out at different time points. Results showed that the most indicative parameter to describe the germination dynamics is the time spent by the oospores from the start of overwintering. The oospores overwintered in field showed phenological traits related to grapevine phenology not observed in controlled conditions. In particular, they completed the maturation period by the end of grapevine dormancy and germinated more rapidly at plant sprouting, when grapevine reaches susceptibility. Overall, the oospores proved to be able to modulate their behavior in close relationship with grapevine, showing a great adaptation to the host’s phenology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Maddalena
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Russo
- Ordine dei Dottori Agronomi e Forestali di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia L Toffolatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Mosquera S, Stergiopoulos I, Leveau JHJ. Interruption of Aspergillus niger spore germination by the bacterially produced secondary metabolite collimomycin. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2020; 12:306-313. [PMID: 32162788 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Collimonas fungivorans Ter331 (CfTer331) is a soil bacterium that produces collimomycin, a secondary metabolite that inhibits the vegetative growth of fungi. Here we show that CfTer331 can also interfere with fungal spore germination and that collimomycin biosynthesis is required for this activity. More specifically, in co-cultures of Aspergillus niger N402 (AnN402) co-nidiospores with CfTer331, the rate of transition from the isotropic to polarized stage of the germination process was reduced and the relatively few AnN402 conidiospores that completed the germination process were less likely to survive than those that were arrested in the isotropic phase. By contrast, a collimomycin-deficient mutant of CfTer331 had no effect on germination: in its presence, as in the absence or delayed presence of CfTer331, unhindered germination of conidiospores allowed rapid establishment of AnN402 mycelium and the subsequent acidification of the culture medium to the detriment of any bacteria present. However, when challenged early enough with CfTer331, the collimomycin-dependent arrest of the AnN402 germination process enabled CfTer331 to prevent AnN402 from forming mycelia and to gain dominance in the culture. We propose that the collimomycin-dependent arrest of spore germination represents an early intervention strategy used by CfTer331 to mitigate niche construction by fungi in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Mosquera
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616-8751
| | - Ioannis Stergiopoulos
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616-8751
| | - Johan H J Leveau
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616-8751
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Lawler MJ, Draper DC, Smith JN. Atmospheric fungal nanoparticle bursts. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaax9051. [PMID: 31998839 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax9051%] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol nanoparticles play an important role in the climate system by affecting cloud formation and properties, as well as in human health because of their deep reach into lungs and the circulatory system. Determining nanoparticle sources and composition is a major challenge in assessing their impacts in these areas. The sudden appearance of large numbers of atmospheric nanoparticles is commonly attributed to secondary formation from gas-phase precursors, but in many cases, the evidence for this is equivocal. We report the detection of a mode of fungal fragments with a mobility diameter of roughly 30 nm released in episodic bursts in ambient air over an agricultural area in northern Oklahoma. These events reached concentrations orders of magnitude higher than other reports of biological particles and show similarities to unclarified events reported previously in the Amazon. These particles potentially represent a large source of both cloud-forming ice nuclei and respirable allergens in a variety of ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Lawler
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Danielle C Draper
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - James N Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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Lawler MJ, Draper DC, Smith JN. Atmospheric fungal nanoparticle bursts. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaax9051. [PMID: 31998839 PMCID: PMC6962048 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax9051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol nanoparticles play an important role in the climate system by affecting cloud formation and properties, as well as in human health because of their deep reach into lungs and the circulatory system. Determining nanoparticle sources and composition is a major challenge in assessing their impacts in these areas. The sudden appearance of large numbers of atmospheric nanoparticles is commonly attributed to secondary formation from gas-phase precursors, but in many cases, the evidence for this is equivocal. We report the detection of a mode of fungal fragments with a mobility diameter of roughly 30 nm released in episodic bursts in ambient air over an agricultural area in northern Oklahoma. These events reached concentrations orders of magnitude higher than other reports of biological particles and show similarities to unclarified events reported previously in the Amazon. These particles potentially represent a large source of both cloud-forming ice nuclei and respirable allergens in a variety of ecosystems.
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Zhou T, Wang X, Luo J, Ye B, Zhou Y, Zhou L, Lai T. Identification of differentially expressed genes involved in spore germination of Penicillium expansum by comparative transcriptome and proteome approaches. Microbiologyopen 2018; 7:e00562. [PMID: 29205951 PMCID: PMC6011939 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, Penicillium expansum, a common destructive phytopathogen and patulin producer was isolated from naturally infected apple fruits and identified by morphological observation and rDNA-internal transcribed spacer analysis. Subsequently, a global view of the transcriptome and proteome alteration of P. expansum spores during germination was evaluated by RNA-seq (RNA sequencing) and iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation) approaches. A total of 3,026 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 77 differentially expressed predicted transcription factors and 489 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified. The next step involved screening out 130 overlapped candidates through correlation analysis between the RNA-seq and iTRAQ datasets. Part of them showed a different expression trend in the mRNA and protein levels, and most of them were involved in metabolism and genetic information processing. These results not only highlighted a set of genes and proteins that were important in deciphering the molecular processes of P. expansum germination but also laid the foundation to develop effective control methods and adequate environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products of Hangzhou CityCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Research Centre for Plant RNA SignalingCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jin Luo
- Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products of Hangzhou CityCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Bishun Ye
- Research Centre for Plant RNA SignalingCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yingying Zhou
- Research Centre for Plant RNA SignalingCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Liwan Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products of Hangzhou CityCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Tongfei Lai
- Research Centre for Plant RNA SignalingCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouChina
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Doona CJ, Feeherry FE, Kustin K, Chen H, Huang R, Philip Ye X, Setlow P. A Quasi-chemical Model for Bacterial Spore Germination Kinetics by High Pressure. FOOD ENGINEERING REVIEWS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12393-016-9155-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wu WJ, Liu SL, Yung PT. Effect of static magnetic field on endospore germination. Bioelectromagnetics 2016; 38:121-127. [PMID: 27862061 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This work investigated the effect of static magnetic field (SMF) on Bacillus atrophaeus endospore germination. Germination was triggered by L-alanine in 1.3-T SMF and characterized by ion release, Ca2+ -dipicolinic acid release, and water influx. These events were monitored by electrical conductivity, Tb-DPA fluorescence, and optical density, respectively. Culturability of endospore germinated in SMF exposure was evaluated by CFU enumeration. Results indicated that 1.3-T SMF failed to significantly affect endospore germination and culturability, suggesting that the three aforementioned processes were not sensitive to SMF. Bioelectromagnetics. 38:121-127, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jie Wu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Si Li Liu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pun To Yung
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Liu SL, Wu WJ, Yung PT. Effect of sonic stimulation onBacillusendospore germination. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2015; 363:fnv217. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnv217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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An attempt to model the probability of growth and aflatoxin B1 production of Aspergillus flavus under non-isothermal conditions in pistachio nuts. Food Microbiol 2015; 51:117-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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