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Hashemi M, Amiel A, Zouaoui M, Adam K, Clemente HS, Aguilar M, Pendaries R, Couzigou JM, Marti G, Gaulin E, Roy S, Rey T, Dumas B. The mycoparasite Pythium oligandrum induces legume pathogen resistance and shapes rhizosphere microbiota without impacting mutualistic interactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1156733. [PMID: 37929182 PMCID: PMC10625430 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1156733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Pythium oligandrum is a soil-borne oomycete associated with rhizosphere and root tissues. Its ability to enhance plant growth, stimulate plant immunity and parasitize fungal and oomycete preys has led to the development of agricultural biocontrol products. Meanwhile, the effect of P. oligandrum on mutualistic interactions and more generally on root microbial communities has not been investigated. Here, we developed a biological system comprising P. oligandrum interacting with two legume plants, Medicago truncatula and Pisum sativum. P. oligandrum activity was investigated at the transcriptomics level through an RNAseq approach, metabolomics and finally metagenomics to investigate the impact of P. oligandrum on root microbiota. We found that P. oligandrum promotes plant growth in these two species and protects them against infection by the oomycete Aphanomyces euteiches, a devastating legume root pathogen. In addition, P. oligandrum up-regulated more than 1000 genes in M. truncatula roots including genes involved in plant defense and notably in the biosynthesis of antimicrobial compounds and validated the enhanced production of M. truncatula phytoalexins, medicarpin and formononetin. Despite this activation of plant immunity, we found that root colonization by P. oligandrum did not impaired symbiotic interactions, promoting the formation of large and multilobed symbiotic nodules with Ensifer meliloti and did not negatively affect the formation of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Finally, metagenomic analyses showed the oomycete modifies the composition of fungal and bacterial communities. Together, our results provide novel insights regarding the involvement of P. oligandrum in the functioning of plant root microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hashemi
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III, Toulouse Institut National Polytechnique (INP), Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Aurélien Amiel
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III, Toulouse Institut National Polytechnique (INP), Auzeville-Tolosane, France
- DE SANGOSSE, Pont-Du-Casse, France
| | - Mohamed Zouaoui
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III, Toulouse Institut National Polytechnique (INP), Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Kévin Adam
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III, Toulouse Institut National Polytechnique (INP), Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Hélène San Clemente
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III, Toulouse Institut National Polytechnique (INP), Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Marielle Aguilar
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III, Toulouse Institut National Polytechnique (INP), Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Rémi Pendaries
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III, Toulouse Institut National Polytechnique (INP), Auzeville-Tolosane, France
- DE SANGOSSE, Pont-Du-Casse, France
| | - Jean-Malo Couzigou
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III, Toulouse Institut National Polytechnique (INP), Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Guillaume Marti
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III, Toulouse Institut National Polytechnique (INP), Auzeville-Tolosane, France
- Metatoul-AgromiX Platform, MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
| | - Elodie Gaulin
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III, Toulouse Institut National Polytechnique (INP), Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Sébastien Roy
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III, Toulouse Institut National Polytechnique (INP), Auzeville-Tolosane, France
- AGRONUTRITION, Carbonne, France
| | - Thomas Rey
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III, Toulouse Institut National Polytechnique (INP), Auzeville-Tolosane, France
- DE SANGOSSE, Pont-Du-Casse, France
| | - Bernard Dumas
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III, Toulouse Institut National Polytechnique (INP), Auzeville-Tolosane, France
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Sheikh TMM, Zhou D, Ali H, Hussain S, Wang N, Chen S, Zhao Y, Wen X, Wang X, Zhang J, Wang L, Deng S, Feng H, Raza W, Fu P, Peng H, Wei L, Daly P. Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted by the Biocontrol Agent Pythium oligandrum Contribute to Ginger Plant Growth and Disease Resistance. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0151023. [PMID: 37534988 PMCID: PMC10433877 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01510-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The oomycete Pythium oligandrum is a potential biocontrol agent to control a wide range of fungal and oomycete-caused diseases, such as Pythium myriotylum-caused rhizome rot in ginger, leading to reduced yields and compromised quality. Previously, P. oligandrum has been studied for its plant growth-promoting potential by auxin production and induction of disease resistance by elicitors such as oligandrin. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play beneficial roles in sustainable agriculture by enhancing plant growth and resistance. We investigated the contribution of P. oligandrum-produced VOCs on plant growth and disease suppression by initially using Nicotiana benthamiana plants for screening. P. oligandrum VOCs significantly enhanced tobacco seedling and plant biomass contents. Screening of the individual VOCs showed that 3-octanone and hexadecane promoted the growth of tobacco seedlings. The total VOCs from P. oligandrum also enhanced the shoot and root growth of ginger plants. Transcriptomic analysis showed a higher expression of genes related to plant growth hormones and stress responses in the leaves of ginger plants exposed to P. oligandrum VOCs. The concentrations of plant growth hormones such as auxin, zeatin, and gibberellic acid were higher in the leaves of ginger plants exposed to P. oligandrum VOCs. In a ginger disease biocontrol assay, the VOC-exposed ginger plants infected with P. myriotylum had lower levels of disease severity. We conclude that this study contributes to understanding the growth-promoting mechanisms of P. oligandrum on ginger and tobacco, priming of ginger plants against various stresses, and the mechanisms of action of P. oligandrum as a biocontrol agent. IMPORTANCE Plant growth promotion plays a vital role in enhancing production of agricultural crops, and Pythium oligandrum is known for its plant growth-promoting potential through production of auxins and induction of resistance by elicitors. This study highlights the significance of P. oligandrum-produced VOCs in plant growth promotion and disease resistance. Transcriptomic analyses of leaves of ginger plants exposed to P. oligandrum VOCs revealed the upregulation of genes involved in plant growth hormone signaling and stress responses. Moreover, the concentration of growth hormones significantly increased in P. oligandrum VOC-exposed ginger plants. Additionally, the disease severity was reduced in P. myriotylum-infected ginger plants exposed to P. oligandrum VOCs. In ginger, P. myriotylum-caused rhizome rot disease results in severe losses, and biocontrol has a role as part of an integrated pest management strategy for rhizome rot disease. Overall, growth enhancement and disease reduction in plants exposed to P. oligandrum-produced VOCs contribute to its role as a biocontrol agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Majid Mahmood Sheikh
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province—State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province—State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Haider Ali
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sarfraz Hussain
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province—State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Siqiao Chen
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province—State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Fungal Genomics Laboratory (FungiG), Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yishen Zhao
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province—State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Xian Wen
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province—State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province—State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province—State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Lunji Wang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Sheng Deng
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province—State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Feng
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province—State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Waseem Raza
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengxiao Fu
- Jiangsu Coastal Ecological Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Jiangsu Coastal Ecological Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Lihui Wei
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province—State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Paul Daly
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province—State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
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Thomas P, Knox OGG, Powell JR, Sindel B, Winter G. The Hydroponic Rockwool Root Microbiome: Under Control or Underutilised? Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040835. [PMID: 37110258 PMCID: PMC10141029 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Land plants have an ancient and intimate relationship with microorganisms, which influences the composition of natural ecosystems and the performance of crops. Plants shape the microbiome around their roots by releasing organic nutrients into the soil. Hydroponic horticulture aims to protect crops from damaging soil-borne pathogens by replacing soil with an artificial growing medium, such as rockwool, an inert material made from molten rock spun into fibres. Microorganisms are generally considered a problem to be managed, to keep the glasshouse clean, but the hydroponic root microbiome assembles soon after planting and flourishes with the crop. Hence, microbe–plant interactions play out in an artificial environment that is quite unlike the soil in which they evolved. Plants in a near-ideal environment have little dependency on microbial partners, but our growing appreciation of the role of microbial communities is revealing opportunities to advance practices, especially in agriculture and human health. Hydroponic systems are especially well-suited to active management of the root microbiome because they allow complete control over the root zone environment; however, they receive much less attention than other host–microbiome interactions. Novel techniques for hydroponic horticulture can be identified by extending our understanding of the microbial ecology of this unique environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil Thomas
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Oliver G. G. Knox
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Jeff R. Powell
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Brian Sindel
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Gal Winter
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
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Pythium oligandrum in plant protection and growth promotion: Secretion of hydrolytic enzymes, elicitors and tryptamine as auxin precursor. Microbiol Res 2022; 258:126976. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.126976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Myco-Suppression Analysis of Soybean ( Glycine max) Damping-Off Caused by Pythium aphanidermatum. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040788. [PMID: 33923755 PMCID: PMC8072875 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The role of Pythium oligandrum as a biocontrol agent against Pythium aphanidermatum was investigated to avoid the harmful impacts of fungicides. Three isolates of P. oligandrum (MS15, MS19, and MS31) were assessed facing the plant pathogenic P. aphanidermatum the causal agent of Glycine max damping-off. The tested Pythium species were recognized according to their cultural and microscopic characterizations. The identification was confirmed through sequencing of rDNA-ITS regions including the 5.8 S rDNA. The biocontrol agent, P. oligandrum, isolates decreased the mycelial growth of the pathogenic P. aphanidermatum with 71.3%, 67.1%, and 68.7% through mycoparasitism on CMA plates. While the half-strength millipore sterilized filtrates of P. oligandrum isolates degrade the pathogenic mycelial linear growth by 34.1%, 32.5%, and 31.7%, and reduce the mycelial dry weight of the pathogenic P. aphanidermatum by 40.1%, 37.4%, and 36.8%, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the most effective antagonistic P. oligandrum isolate (MS15) interaction showed coiling, haustorial parts of P. oligandrum to P. aphanidermatum hyphae. Furthermore, P. oligandrum isolates were proven to enhance the germination of Glycine max seedling to 93.3% in damping-off infection using agar pots and promote germination of up to 80% during soil pot assay. On the other hand, P. oligandrum isolates increase the shoot, root lengths, and the number of lateral roots.
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Thambugala KM, Daranagama DA, Phillips AJL, Kannangara SD, Promputtha I. Fungi vs. Fungi in Biocontrol: An Overview of Fungal Antagonists Applied Against Fungal Plant Pathogens. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:604923. [PMID: 33330142 PMCID: PMC7734056 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.604923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant pathogens cause severe losses or damage to crops worldwide and thereby significantly reduce the quality and quantity of agricultural commodities. World tendencies are shifting towards reducing the usage of chemically synthesized pesticides, while various biocontrol methods, strategies and approaches are being used in plant disease management. Fungal antagonists play a significant role in controlling plant pathogens and diseases and they are used as Biocontrol Agents (BCAs) throughout the world. This review provides a comprehensive list of fungal BCAs used against fungal plant pathogens according to modern taxonomic concepts, and clarifies their phylogenetic relationships because thewrong names are frequently used in the literature of biocontrol. Details of approximately 300 fungal antagonists belonging to 13 classes and 113 genera are listed together with the target pathogens and corresponding plant diseases. Trichoderma is identified as the genus with greatest potential comprising 25 biocontrol agents that have been used against a number of plant fungal diseases. In addition to Trichoderma, nine genera are recognized as significant comprising five or more known antagonistic species, namely, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Candida, Fusarium, Penicillium, Pichia, Pythium, Talaromyces, and Verticillium. A phylogenetic analysis based on partial sequences of the 28S nrRNA gene (LSU) of fungal antagonists was performed to establish their phylogenetic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasun M Thambugala
- Department of Plant and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka.,Genetics and Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Dinushani A Daranagama
- Department of Plant and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Alan J L Phillips
- Faculdade de Ciências, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sagarika D Kannangara
- Department of Plant and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Itthayakorn Promputtha
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Research Center in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Kołodziejska R, Studzińska R, Tafelska-Kaczmarek A, Pawluk H, Kwit M, Stasiak B, Woźniak A. The application of safe for humans and the environment Polyversum antifungal agent containing living cells of Pythium oligandrum for biotransformation of prochiral ketones. Bioorg Chem 2019; 92:103204. [PMID: 31472459 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This report presents the whole-cell biotransformation of benzofuranyl-methyl ketone derivatives with the application of Polyversum antifungal agent containing Pythium oligandrum microorganism. Stereochemistry of the reduction of prochiral substrates was modified by the bioconversion conditions (concentration of reagents, a source of the carbon atom, biotransformation medium). In optimized conditions enantioselective process was noted. Secondary alcohols with excellent enantiomeric purity and high yields were obtained. The enantiomeric excess and conversion degree of 1-(benzofuran-2-yl)ethanol, 1-(7-ethylbenzofuran-2-yl)ethanol and 1-(3,7-dimethylbenzofuran-2-yl)ethanol were 99%/98.1%, 94%/94.4% and 99%/72.6%, respectively. In the presence of P. oligandrum, one of the enantiotopic hydrides of the dihydropyridine ring coenzyme is selectively transferred to a re side of the prochiral carbonyl group to give products with S configuration. This study demonstrates an inexpensive, eco-friendly approach in synthesis of optically pure benzofuran derivatives and can be an interesting alternative to organocatalysis. Furthermore, this method can be used in biotechnology processes due to its good chemical performance and a high degree of product isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Kołodziejska
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Karłowicza 24, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Renata Studzińska
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Organic Chemistry, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | | | - Hanna Pawluk
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Karłowicza 24, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Marcin Kwit
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Department of Chemistry, Umultowska 89B, 61-614 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Bartosz Stasiak
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Department of Chemistry, Umultowska 89B, 61-614 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Alina Woźniak
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Karłowicza 24, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
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Transformation of the endochitinase gene Chi67-1 in Clonostachys rosea 67-1 increases its biocontrol activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. AMB Express 2017; 7:1. [PMID: 28050842 PMCID: PMC5209325 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-016-0313-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Clonostachys rosea is a promising biocontrol fungus active against various plant fungal pathogens. In this study, the endochitinase-encoding gene Chi67-1, the expression of which is sharply upregulated in C. rosea 67-1 when induced by sclerotia, was transformed into the original isolate by protoplast transformation, and transformants were screened against Sclerotinia rot of soybean. The transformation efficiency was approximately 50 transformants per 1 × 107 protoplasts, and 68 stably heritable recombinants were assayed. The parasitic rates of 32.4% of the tested strains increased by more than 50% compared to 43.3% of the wild type strain in 16 h, and the Rc4-4 transformant showed a parasitic rate of 100% in 16 h. The control efficiencies of the selected efficient transformants to soybean Sclerotinia stem rot were evaluated in pots in the greenhouse, and the results revealed that Rc4-4 achieved the highest efficiency of 81.4%, which was 31.7% and 28.7% higher than the control achieved by the wide type and the pesticide carbendazim, respectively. Furthermore, the expression level of Chi67-1 was 107-fold higher in Rc4-4 than in the wild type, and accordingly, the chitinase activity of the recombinant increased by 140%. The results lay a foundation for the development of efficient genetically engineered strains of C. rosea.
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Lima G, Sanzani S, De Curtis F, Ippolito A. Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases. ADVANCES IN POSTHARVEST FRUIT AND VEGETABLE TECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1201/b18489-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Bruez E, Vallance J, Gerbore J, Lecomte P, Da Costa JP, Guerin-Dubrana L, Rey P. Analyses of the temporal dynamics of fungal communities colonizing the healthy wood tissues of esca leaf-symptomatic and asymptomatic vines. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95928. [PMID: 24788412 PMCID: PMC4006835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Esca, a Grapevine Trunk Disease (GTD), is of major concern for viticulture worldwide. Our study compares the fungal communities that inhabit the wood tissues of vines that expressed or not foliar esca-symptoms. The trunk and rootstock tissues were apparently healthy, whether the 10 year-old plants were symptomatic or not. The only difference was in the cordon, which contained white rot, a typical form of esca, in 79% of symptomatic plants. Observations over a period of one year using a fingerprint method, Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP), and the ITS-DNA sequencing of cultivable fungi, showed that shifts occurred in the fungal communities colonizing the healthy wood tissues. However, whatever the sampling time, spring, summer, autumn or winter, the fungi colonizing the healthy tissues of asymptomatic or symptomatic plants were not significantly different. Forty-eight genera were isolated, with species of Hypocreaceae and Botryosphaeriaceae being the most abundant species. Diverse fungal assemblages, made up of potentially plant-pathogenic and -protective fungi, colonized these non-necrotic tissues. Some fungi, possibly involved in GTD, inhabited the non-necrotic wood of young plants, but no increase in necrosis areas was observed over the one-year period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Bruez
- Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, UMR1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- INRA, ISVV, UMR1065 SAVE, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Jessica Vallance
- Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, UMR1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- INRA, ISVV, UMR1065 SAVE, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Jonathan Gerbore
- Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, UMR1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- INRA, ISVV, UMR1065 SAVE, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- BIOVITIS, Saint Etienne de Chomeil, France
| | - Pascal Lecomte
- Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, UMR1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- INRA, ISVV, UMR1065 SAVE, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | | | - Lucia Guerin-Dubrana
- Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, UMR1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- INRA, ISVV, UMR1065 SAVE, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Patrice Rey
- Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, UMR1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- INRA, ISVV, UMR1065 SAVE, Villenave d’Ornon, France
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Martins G, Vallance J, Mercier A, Albertin W, Stamatopoulos P, Rey P, Lonvaud A, Masneuf-Pomarède I. Influence of the farming system on the epiphytic yeasts and yeast-like fungi colonizing grape berries during the ripening process. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 177:21-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Gerbore J, Benhamou N, Vallance J, Le Floch G, Grizard D, Regnault-Roger C, Rey P. Biological control of plant pathogens: advantages and limitations seen through the case study of Pythium oligandrum. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:4847-60. [PMID: 23695856 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1807-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The management of certain plant beneficial microorganisms [biological control agents (BCAs)] seems to be a promising and environmental friendly method to control plant pathogens. However, applications are still limited because of the lack of consistency of BCAs when they are applied in the field. In the present paper, the advantages and limitations of BCAs are seen through the example of Pythium oligandrum, an oomycete that has received much attention in the last decade. The biological control exerted by P. oligandrum is the result of a complex process, which includes direct effects through the control of pathogens and/or indirect effects mediated by P. oligandrum, i.e. induction of resistance and growth promotion. P. oligandrum antagonism is a multifaceted and target fungus-dependent process. Interestingly, it does not seem to disrupt microflora biodiversity on the roots. P. oligandrum has an atypical relationship with the plant because it rapidly penetrates into the root tissues but it cannot stay alive in planta. After root colonisation, because of the elicitation by P. oligandrum of the plant-defence system, plants are protected from a range of pathogens. The management of BCAs, here P. oligandrum, is discussed with regard to its interactions with the incredibly complex agrosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gerbore
- INRA, ISVV, UMR1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
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Nelson EB, Karp MA. Soil pathogen communities associated with native and non-native Phragmites australis populations in freshwater wetlands. Ecol Evol 2013; 3:5254-67. [PMID: 24455153 PMCID: PMC3892333 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil pathogens are believed to be major contributors to negative plant-soil feedbacks that regulate plant community dynamics and plant invasions. While the theoretical basis for pathogen regulation of plant communities is well established within the plant-soil feedback framework, direct experimental evidence for pathogen community responses to plants has been limited, often relying largely on indirect evidence based on above-ground plant responses. As a result, specific soil pathogen responses accompanying above-ground plant community dynamics are largely unknown. Here, we examine the oomycete pathogens in soils conditioned by established populations of native noninvasive and non-native invasive haplotypes of Phragmites australis (European common reed). Our aim was to assess whether populations of invasive plants harbor unique communities of pathogens that differ from those associated with noninvasive populations and whether the distribution of taxa within these communities may help to explain invasive success. We compared the composition and abundance of pathogenic and saprobic oomycete species over a 2-year period. Despite a diversity of oomycete taxa detected in soils from both native and non-native populations, pathogen communities from both invaded and noninvaded soils were dominated by species of Pythium. Pathogen species that contributed the most to the differences observed between invaded and noninvaded soils were distributed between invaded and noninvaded soils. However, the specific taxa in invaded soils responsible for community differences were distinct from those in noninvaded soils that contributed to community differences. Our results indicate that, despite the phylogenetic relatedness of native and non-native P. australis haplotypes, pathogen communities associated with the dominant non-native haplotype are distinct from those of the rare native haplotype. Pathogen taxa that dominate either noninvaded or invaded soils suggest different potential mechanisms of invasion facilitation. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that non-native plant species that dominate landscapes may "cultivate" a different soil pathogen community to their rhizosphere than those of rarer native species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric B Nelson
- Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University 334 Plant Science Building, Ithaca, New York, 14853-4203
| | - Mary Ann Karp
- Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University 334 Plant Science Building, Ithaca, New York, 14853-4203
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Boček S, Salaš P, Sasková H, Mokričková J. Effect of Alginure® (seaweed extract), Myco-Sin®VIN (sulfuric clay) and Polyversum® (Pythium oligandrum Drechs.) on yield and disease control in organic strawberries. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS 2013. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260080019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Benhamou N, le Floch G, Vallance J, Gerbore J, Grizard D, Rey P. Pythium oligandrum: an example of opportunistic success. Microbiology (Reading) 2012; 158:2679-2694. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.061457-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Benhamou
- Centre de recherche en horticulture, Pavillon de l’ENVIROTRON, 2480 Boulevard Hochelga, Université Laval, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Gaêtan le Floch
- Université Européenne de Bretagne/Université de Brest, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, ESMISAB, 29 820 Plouzané, France
| | - Jessica Vallance
- Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, UMR1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), Bordeaux Sciences Agro, F-33140, Villenave d’Ornon, France et INRA, ISVV, UMR1065 SAVE, F-33140, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Jonathan Gerbore
- Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, UMR1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), Bordeaux Sciences Agro, F-33140, Villenave d’Ornon, France et INRA, ISVV, UMR1065 SAVE, F-33140, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | | | - Patrice Rey
- Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, UMR1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), Bordeaux Sciences Agro, F-33140, Villenave d’Ornon, France et INRA, ISVV, UMR1065 SAVE, F-33140, Villenave d’Ornon, France
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Vallance J, Déniel F, Barbier G, Guerin-Dubrana L, Benhamou N, Rey P. Influence of Pythium oligandrum on the bacterial communities that colonize the nutrient solutions and the rhizosphere of tomato plants. Can J Microbiol 2012; 58:1124-34. [DOI: 10.1139/w2012-092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The influence exerted by the biocontrol oomycete Pythium oligandrum on the bacterial populations proliferating in the rhizosphere of tomato plants grown in a hydroponic system and in the circulating solutions is studied in the present experiment. Quantitative PCR and single-strand conformation polymorphism were used to investigate the genetic structure and dynamics of the bacterial communities colonizing the root systems and the various circulating solutions. Quantitative PCR assays showed that bacteria heavily colonized the rhizosphere of tomato plants with, however, no significant density changes throughout the cultural season (April–September). Single strand conformation polymorphism fingerprints revealed the occurrence of transient perturbations in the rhizospheric indigenous bacterial communities following P. oligandrum introduction in the root system of plants. This effect was, however, transient and did not persist until the end of the cropping season. Interestingly, the genetic structure of the bacterial microflora colonizing either the roots or the nutrient solutions evolved throughout the cropping season. This temporal evolution occurred whatever the presence and persistence of P. oligandrum in the rhizosphere. Evidence is also provided that bacterial microflora that colonize the root system are different from the ones colonizing the circulating solutions. The relationships between these 2 microflora (at the root and solution levels) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Vallance
- Université Européenne de Bretagne / Université de Brest, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, ESMISAB, 29280 Plouzané, France
- Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, UMR1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), Bordeaux Sciences Agro, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- INRA, ISVV, UMR1065 SAVE, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - F. Déniel
- Université Européenne de Bretagne / Université de Brest, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, ESMISAB, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - G. Barbier
- Université Européenne de Bretagne / Université de Brest, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, ESMISAB, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - L. Guerin-Dubrana
- Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, UMR1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), Bordeaux Sciences Agro, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- INRA, ISVV, UMR1065 SAVE, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - N. Benhamou
- Centre de Recherche en Horticulture, Pavillon Envirotron, 2480, Boulevard Hochelaga, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - P. Rey
- Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, UMR1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), Bordeaux Sciences Agro, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- INRA, ISVV, UMR1065 SAVE, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
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Renault D, Vallance J, Déniel F, Wery N, Godon JJ, Barbier G, Rey P. Diversity of bacterial communities that colonize the filter units used for controlling plant pathogens in soilless cultures. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2012; 63:170-187. [PMID: 22015683 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-011-9961-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, increasing the level of suppressiveness by the addition of antagonistic bacteria in slow filters has become a promising strategy to control plant pathogens in the recycled solutions used in soilless cultures. However, knowledge about the microflora that colonize the filtering columns is still limited. In order to get information on this issue, the present study was carried out over a 4-year period and includes filters inoculated or not with suppressive bacteria at the start of the filtering process (two or three filters were used each year). After 9 months of filtration, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-single strand conformation polymorphism analyses point out that, for the same year of experiment, the bacterial communities from control filters were relatively similar but that they were significantly different between the bacteria-amended and control filters. To characterize the changes in bacterial communities within the filters, this microflora was studied by quantitative PCR, community-level physiological profiles, and sequencing 16SrRNA clone libraries (filters used in year 1). Quantitative PCR evidenced a denser bacterial colonization of the P-filter (amended with Pseudomonas putida strains) than control and B-filter (amended with Bacillus cereus strains). Functional analysis focused on the cultivable bacterial communities pointed out that bacteria from the control filter metabolized more carbohydrates than those from the amended filters whose trophic behaviors were more targeted towards carboxylic acids and amino acids. The bacterial communities in P- and B-filters both exhibited significantly more phylotype diversity and markedly distinct phylogenetic compositions than those in the C-filter. Although there were far fewer Proteobacteria in B- and P-filters than in the C-filter (22% and 22% rather than 69% of sequences, respectively), the percentages of Firmicutes was much higher (44% and 55% against 9%, respectively). Many Pseudomonas species were also found in the bacterial communities of the control filter. The persistence of the amended suppressive-bacteria in the filters is discussed with regards to the management of suppressive microflora in soilless culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Renault
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, ESMISAB, Université Européenne de Bretagne/Université de Brest, 29280, Plouzané, France
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Meot-Duros L, Le Floch G, Meot B, Letousey P, Jacob B, Barbier G. Eelgrass slabs, a soilless culture substrate that inhibits adhesion of fungi and oomycetes and enhances antioxidant activity in tomato. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:10913-10918. [PMID: 21942356 DOI: 10.1021/jf2026082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Composed of a marine plant, Zostera sp., eelgrass slabs are a novel organic substrate for soilless cultures used in tomato production. The benefit of using eelgrass slabs for growing tomatoes was assessed by comparing it with coconut fiber slabs in regard to contamination by Pythium spp. and to the antioxidant properties of tomato fruits. First, tomato root contamination by Pythium spp. was studied by direct plate counting, and a molecular comparison of fungal and oomycete communities was conducted using PCR-DHPLC. Second, the antioxidant properties of tomato fruits were analyzed by measuring total phenol and carotenoid contents and by evaluating radical scavenging activity. Compared to plants grown on coconut fiber slabs, those on eelgrass slabs presented a lower rate of Pythium spp. root contamination. Moreover, culture on eelgrass slabs produced fruits with better radical scavenging activity and higher total phenol content compared to controls. Carotenoid content was not affected by the type of substrate. This study highlights the value of detrital leaves of Zostera sp. as a substrate for soilless culture that reduces root contamination and also promotes the production of tomato fruits with better nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Meot-Duros
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, Université de Brest, EA 3882, IFR148 ScInBioS, ESMISAB, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France.
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Scientific Opinion on the maintenance of the list of QPS biological agents intentionally added to food and feed (2010 update). EFSA J 2010. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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