1
|
Jiang B, Liu J, Wang J, Zhao G, Zhao Z. Adaptive Evolution for the Efficient Production of High-Quality d-Lactic Acid Using Engineered Klebsiella pneumoniae. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1167. [PMID: 38930549 PMCID: PMC11205318 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
d-Lactic acid serves as a pivotal platform chemical in the production of poly d-lactic acid (PDLA) and other value-added products. This compound can be synthesized by certain bacteria, including Klebsiella pneumoniae. However, industrial-scale lactic acid production in Klebsiella pneumoniae faces challenges due to growth inhibition caused by lactic acid stress, which acts as a bottleneck in commercial microbial fermentation processes. To address this, we employed a combination of evolutionary and genetic engineering approaches to create an improved Klebsiella pneumoniae strain with enhanced lactic acid tolerance and production. In flask fermentation experiments, the engineered strain achieved an impressive accumulation of 19.56 g/L d-lactic acid, representing the highest production yield observed in Klebsiella pneumoniae to date. Consequently, this strain holds significant promise for applications in industrial bioprocessing. Notably, our genome sequencing and experimental analyses revealed a novel correlation between UTP-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase GalU and lactic acid resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Further research is warranted to explore the potential of targeting GalU for enhancing d-lactic acid production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (B.J.); (J.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Jiezheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (B.J.); (J.L.); (J.W.)
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingnan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (B.J.); (J.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Guang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (B.J.); (J.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Zhe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (B.J.); (J.L.); (J.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu C, Li Y, Li Y, Li Z, Han G. Synergistic antibacterial effect of ginsenoside Rh2 and calcium hydroxide on Enterococcus faecalis. Odontology 2024:10.1007/s10266-024-00951-z. [PMID: 38762821 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-024-00951-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Treatment of root canal infections becomes more challenging due to the extremely high tolerance of Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) to calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2). Ginsenoside is a Chinese herbal extract that has been proven to have antimicrobial properties and synergistic activities. And this study evaluated the antibacterial activity of ginsenoside Rh2 in combination with Ca(OH)2 against E. faecalis and its preliminary mechanism of action. Broth microdilution method, checkerboard dilution method, time-inhibition curve, drug resistance assays, scanning electron microscopy, and biofilm inhibition and removal assays indicated that Rh2 in combination with Ca(OH)2 exhibited potent antibacterial activity against E. faecalis. Rh2 exerted significant in vitro antibacterial activity against E. faecalis, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 3.125 μg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 6.25 μg/mL, and significantly enhanced the susceptibility of E. faecalis to Ca(OH)2 (FICI = 0.5). Furthermore, cell membrane permeability assays, surface hydrophobicity assays, ATPase activity assays, and intra-biofilm extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) assays revealed that Rh2 and Ca(OH)2 synergistically inhibit bacteria mainly by increasing membrane permeability. Ultimately, cytotoxicity assays showed that Rh2 exhibited only low toxicity, the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of Rh2 was 19.75 μg/mL. This study confirmed the synergistic antibacterial activities of Rh2 and Ca(OH)2 against E. faecalis. Our findings indicate that the Rh2 and Ca(OH)2 combination may be a promising alternative approach to treating root canal infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Liu
- Department of Oral Geriatrics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500# Qinghua Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzyme Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Oral Geriatrics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500# Qinghua Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze Li
- Department of Oral Geriatrics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500# Qinghua Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghong Han
- Department of Oral Geriatrics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500# Qinghua Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang K, Xu F, Zhu L, Li H, Sun Q, Yan A, Ren B, Zhu YG, Cui L. An Isotope-Labeled Single-Cell Raman Spectroscopy Approach for Tracking the Physiological Evolution Trajectory of Bacteria toward Antibiotic Resistance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217412. [PMID: 36732297 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding evolution of antibiotic resistance is vital for containing its global spread. Yet our ability to in situ track highly heterogeneous and dynamic evolution is very limited. Here, we present a new single-cell approach integrating D2 O-labeled Raman spectroscopy, advanced multivariate analysis, and genotypic profiling to in situ track physiological evolution trajectory toward resistance. Physiological diversification of individual cells from isogenic population with cyclic ampicillin treatment is captured. Advanced multivariate analysis of spectral changes classifies all individual cells into four subsets of sensitive, intrinsic tolerant, evolved tolerant and resistant. Remarkably, their dynamic shifts with evolution are depicted and spectral markers of each state are identified. Genotypic analysis validates the phenotypic shift and provides insights into the underlying genetic basis. The new platform advances rapid phenotyping resistance evolution and guides evolution control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Longji Zhu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Hongzhe Li
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Aixin Yan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Li Cui
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Almeida-Santos AC, Novais C, Peixe L, Freitas AR. Enterococcus spp. as a Producer and Target of Bacteriocins: A Double-Edged Sword in the Antimicrobial Resistance Crisis Context. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10101215. [PMID: 34680796 PMCID: PMC8532689 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10101215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus spp. are one of the most frequent producers of bacteriocins (enterocins), which provides them with an advantage to compete in their natural environment, which is the gut of humans and many animals. The enterocins’ activity against microorganisms from different phylogenetic groups has raised interest in Enterococcus spp. in different contexts throughout the last decades, especially in the food industry. Nevertheless, some species can also cause opportunistic life-threatening infections and are frequently multidrug-resistant (MDR). Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), in particular, are an ongoing global challenge given the lack of therapeutic options. In this scenario, bacteriocins can offer a potential solution to this persistent threat, either alone or in combination with other antimicrobials. There are a handful of studies that demonstrate the advantages and applications of bacteriocins, especially against VRE. The purpose of this review is to present a current standpoint about the dual role of Enterococcus spp., from important producers to targets needed to be controlled, and the crucial role that enterocins may have in the expansion of enterococcal populations. Classification and distribution of enterocins, the current knowledge about the bacteriocinome of clinical enterococci, and the challenges of bacteriocin use in the fight against VRE infections are particularly detailed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Almeida-Santos
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal or (A.C.A.-S.); (C.N.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Novais
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal or (A.C.A.-S.); (C.N.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luísa Peixe
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal or (A.C.A.-S.); (C.N.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (L.P.); or (A.R.F.); Tel.: +351-220428580 (L.P. & A.R.F.)
| | - Ana R. Freitas
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal or (A.C.A.-S.); (C.N.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- TOXRUN–Toxicology Research Unit, Department of Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Correspondence: (L.P.); or (A.R.F.); Tel.: +351-220428580 (L.P. & A.R.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ramos Y, Sansone S, Morales DK. Sugarcoating it: Enterococcal polysaccharides as key modulators of host-pathogen interactions. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009822. [PMID: 34499702 PMCID: PMC8428557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yusibeska Ramos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Sansone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Diana K. Morales
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cell wall polysaccharides of Gram positive ovococcoid bacteria and their role as bacteriophage receptors. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:4018-4031. [PMID: 34377367 PMCID: PMC8327497 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gram-positive bacterial cell walls are characterised by the presence of a thick peptidoglycan layer which provides protection from extracellular stresses, maintains cell integrity and determines cell morphology, while it also serves as a foundation to anchor a number of crucial polymeric structures. For ovococcal species, including streptococci, enterococci and lactococci, such structures are represented by rhamnose-containing cell wall polysaccharides, which at least in some instances appear to serve as a functional replacement for wall teichoic acids. The biochemical composition of several streptococcal, lactococcal and enterococcal rhamnose-containing cell wall polysaccharides have been elucidated, while associated functional genomic analyses have facilitated the proposition of models for individual biosynthetic pathways. Here, we review the genomic loci which encode the enzymatic machinery to produce rhamnose-containing, cell wall-associated polysaccharide (Rha cwps) structures of the afore-mentioned ovococcal bacteria with particular emphasis on gene content, biochemical structure and common biosynthetic steps. Furthermore, we discuss the role played by these saccharidic polymers as receptors for bacteriophages and the important role phages play in driving Rha cwps diversification and evolution.
Collapse
|