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Alexandrino AV, Prieto EL, Nicolela NCS, da Silva Marin TG, Dos Santos TA, de Oliveira da Silva JPM, da Cunha AF, Behlau F, Novo-Mansur MTM. Xylose Isomerase Depletion Enhances Virulence of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri in Citrus aurantifolia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11491. [PMID: 37511250 PMCID: PMC10380989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrus canker, caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas citri (Xcc), is one of the most devastating diseases for the citrus industry. Xylose is a constituent of the cell wall of plants, and the ability of Xcc to use this carbohydrate may play a role in virulence. Xcc has two genes codifying for xylose isomerase (XI), a bifunctional enzyme that interconverts D-xylose into D-xylulose and D-glucose into D-fructose. The aim of this work was to investigate the functional role of the two putative XI ORFs, XAC1776 (xylA1) and XAC4225 (xylA2), in Xcc pathogenicity. XI-coding genes of Xcc were deleted, and the single mutants (XccΔxylA1 or XccΔxylA2) or the double mutant (XccΔxylA1ΔxylA2) remained viable. The deletion of one or both XI genes (xylA1 and/or xylA2) increased the aggressiveness of the mutants, causing disease symptoms. RT-qPCR analysis of wild strain and xylA deletion mutants grown in vivo and in vitro revealed that the highest expression level of hrpX and xylR was observed in vivo for the double mutant. The results indicate that XI depletion increases the expression of the hrp regulatory genes in Xcc. We concluded that the intracellular accumulation of xylose enhances Xcc virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Vessoni Alexandrino
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular Aplicada-LBBMA, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia-PPGBiotec, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| | - Evandro Luis Prieto
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular Aplicada-LBBMA, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética Evolutiva e Biologia Molecular-PPGGEv, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| | - Nicole Castro Silva Nicolela
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular Aplicada-LBBMA, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - João Pedro Maia de Oliveira da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética Evolutiva e Biologia Molecular-PPGGEv, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Genética Aplicada-LBGA, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson Ferreira da Cunha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética Evolutiva e Biologia Molecular-PPGGEv, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Genética Aplicada-LBGA, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| | - Franklin Behlau
- Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura-Fundecitrus, Araraquara 14807-040, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa Marques Novo-Mansur
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular Aplicada-LBBMA, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia-PPGBiotec, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética Evolutiva e Biologia Molecular-PPGGEv, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
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Morinière L, Mirabel L, Gueguen E, Bertolla F. A Comprehensive Overview of the Genes and Functions Required for Lettuce Infection by the Hemibiotrophic Phytopathogen Xanthomonas hortorum pv. vitians. mSystems 2022; 7:e0129021. [PMID: 35311560 PMCID: PMC9040725 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01290-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The successful infection of a host plant by a phytopathogenic bacterium depends on a finely tuned molecular cross talk between the two partners. Thanks to transposon insertion sequencing techniques (Tn-seq), whole genomes can now be assessed to determine which genes are important for the fitness of several plant-associated bacteria in planta. Despite its agricultural relevance, the dynamic molecular interaction established between the foliar hemibiotrophic phytopathogen Xanthomonas hortorum pv. vitians and its host, lettuce (Lactuca sativa), remains completely unknown. To decipher the genes and functions mobilized by the pathogen throughout the infection process, we conducted a Tn-seq experiment in lettuce leaves to mimic the selective pressure occurring during natural infection. This genome-wide screening identified 170 genes whose disruption caused serious fitness defects in lettuce. A thorough examination of these genes using comparative genomics and gene set enrichment analyses highlighted that several functions and pathways were highly critical for the pathogen's survival. Numerous genes involved in amino acid, nucleic acid, and exopolysaccharide biosynthesis were critical. The xps type II secretion system operon, a few TonB-dependent transporters involved in carbohydrate or siderophore scavenging, and multiple genes of the carbohydrate catabolism pathways were also critical, emphasizing the importance of nutrition systems in a nutrient-limited environment. Finally, several genes implied in camouflage from the plant immune system and resistance to immunity-induced oxidative stress were strongly involved in host colonization. As a whole, these results highlight some of the central metabolic pathways and cellular functions critical for Xanthomonas host adaptation and pathogenesis. IMPORTANCE Xanthomonas hortorum was recently the subject of renewed interest, as several studies highlighted that its members were responsible for diseases in a wide range of plant species, including crops of agricultural relevance (e.g., tomato and carrot). Among X. hortorum variants, X. hortorum pv. vitians is a reemerging foliar hemibiotrophic phytopathogen responsible for severe outbreaks of bacterial leaf spot of lettuce all around the world. Despite recent findings, sustainable and practical means of disease control remain to be developed. Understanding the host-pathogen interaction from a molecular perspective is crucial to support these efforts. The genes and functions mobilized by X. hortorum pv. vitians during its interaction with lettuce had never been investigated. Our study sheds light on these processes by screening the whole pathogen genome for genes critical for its fitness during the infection process, using transposon insertion sequencing and comparative genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Morinière
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laurène Mirabel
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Erwan Gueguen
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA, CNRS, UMR Microbiologie, Adaptation, Pathogénie, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Franck Bertolla
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, Villeurbanne, France
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Li Y, Ge Y, Wang J, Shen C, Wang J, Liu YJ. Functional redundancy and specific taxa modulate the contribution of prokaryotic diversity and composition to multifunctionality. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:2915-2930. [PMID: 33905157 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Observational and experimental evidence has revealed the functional importance of microbial diversity. However, the effects of microbial diversity loss on ecosystem functions are not consistent across studies, which are probably tempered by microbial functional redundancy, specific taxa and functions evaluated. Here we conducted diversity manipulation experiments in two independent soils with distinct prokaryotic communities, and investigated how the initial community traits (e.g., distinct functional redundancy and taxonomic composition) modulate the contribution of prokaryotic diversity loss and composition shift to eight ecosystem functions related to soil nutrient cycling. We found that diversity loss impaired three functions (potential nitrification rate, N2 -fixation activity and phosphatase) and multifunctionality only in the communities with low functional redundancy, but all examined functions were unaffected in the communities with high functional redundancy. All significantly affected functions belonged to specialized functions, while the broad function (soil basal respiration) was unaffected. Moreover, prokaryotic composition explained more functional variation than diversity, which was ascribed to the crucial role of specific taxa that influence particular functions. Taken together, this study provides empirical evidence for identifying the mechanism underlying the ecosystem response to changes in microbial community, with implications for improving the prediction of ecosystem process models and managing microbial communities to promote ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jichen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Congcong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianlei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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SucA-dependent uptake of sucrose across the outer membrane of Caulobacter crescentus. J Microbiol 2018; 56:648-655. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-018-8225-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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