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Duysburgh C, Miclotte L, Green JB, Watts KT, Sardi MI, Chakrabarti A, Khafipour E, Marzorati M. Saccharomyces cerevisiae derived postbiotic alters gut microbiome metabolism in the human distal colon resulting in immunomodulatory potential in vitro. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1358456. [PMID: 38410391 PMCID: PMC10895063 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1358456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The yeast-based postbiotic EpiCor is a well-studied formulation, consisting of a complex mixture of bioactive molecules. In clinical studies, EpiCor postbiotic has been shown to reduce intestinal symptoms in a constipated population and support mucosal defense in healthy subjects. Anti-inflammatory potential and butyrogenic properties have been reported in vitro, suggesting a possible link between EpiCor's gut modulatory activity and immunomodulation. The current study used a standardized in vitro gut model, the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®), to obtain a deeper understanding on host-microbiome interactions and potential microbiome modulation following repeated EpiCor administration. It was observed that EpiCor induced a functional shift in carbohydrate fermentation patterns in the proximal colon environment. Epicor promoted an increased abundance of Bifidobacterium in both the proximal and distal colon, affecting overall microbial community structure. Co-occurrence network analysis at the phylum level provided additional evidence of changes in the functional properties of microbial community promoted by EpiCor, increasing positive associations between Actinobacteria with microbes belonging to the Firmicutes phylum. These results, together with a significant increase in butyrate production provide additional support of EpiCor benefits to gut health. Investigation of host-microbiome interactions confirmed the immunomodulatory potential of the applied test product. Specific microbial alterations were observed in the distal colon, with metabotyping indicating that specific metabolic pathways, such as bile acid and tryptophan metabolism, were affected following EpiCor supplementation. These results, especially considering many effects were seen distally, further strengthen the position of EpiCor as a postbiotic with health promoting functionality in the gut, which could be further assessed in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Massimo Marzorati
- ProDigest BV, Ghent, Belgium
- Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Wu Y, Li P, Jiang Z, Sun X, He H, Yan P, Xu Y, Liu Y. Bioinspired yeast-based β-glucan system for oral drug delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 319:121163. [PMID: 37567689 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Oral drug delivery is the preferred route of drug administration for patients, especially those who need long-term medication. Recently, bioinspired drug delivery systems have emerged for the oral delivery of various therapeutics. Among them, the yeast-based β-glucan system is a novel and promising platform, for oral administration that can overcome the biological barriers of the harsh gastrointestinal environment. Remarkably, the yeast-based β-glucan system not only protects the drug through the harsh gastrointestinal environment but also achieves targeted therapeutic effects by specifically recognizing immune cells, especially macrophages. Otherwise, it exhibits immunomodulatory properties. Based on the pleasant characteristics of the yeast-based β-glucan system, they are widely used in various macrophage-related diseases for oral administration. In this review, we introduced the structure and function of yeast-based β-glucan. Subsequently, we further summarized the current preparation methods of yeast-based β-glucan carriers and the strategies for preparing yeast-based β-glucan drug delivery systems. In addition, we focus on discussing the applications of β-glucan drug delivery systems in various diseases. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives of the β-glucan drug delivery system are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Pengyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Zongzhe Jiang
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaolei Sun
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China
| | - Huqiang He
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China
| | - Pijun Yan
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
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Ryu HJ, Jung DH, Yoo SH, Tuncil YE, Lee BH. Bifidogenic property of enzymatically synthesized water-insoluble α-glucans with different α-1,6 branching ratio. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Venardou B, O'Doherty JV, McDonnell MJ, Mukhopadhya A, Kiely C, Ryan MT, Sweeney T. Evaluation of the in vitro effects of the increasing inclusion levels of yeast β-glucan, a casein hydrolysate and its 5 kDa retentate on selected bacterial populations and strains commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs. Food Funct 2021; 12:2189-2200. [PMID: 33589892 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02269a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Previously, the 5 kDa retentate (5kDaR) of a casein hydrolysate (CH) and yeast β-glucan (YBG) were identified as promising anti-inflammatory dietary supplements for supporting intestinal health in pigs post-weaning. However, their direct effects on intestinal bacterial populations are less well-known. The main objectives of this study were to determine if the increasing concentrations of the CH, 5kDaR and YBG individually, can: (1) alter the bacterial and short-chain fatty acid profiles in a weaned pig faecal batch fermentation assay, and (2) directly influence the growth of selected beneficial (Lactobacillus plantarum, L. reuteri, Bifidobacterium thermophilum) and pathogenic (Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium) bacterial strains in individual pure culture growth assays. The potential of CH as a comparable 5kDaR substitute was also evaluated. The 5kDaR increased lactobacilli counts and butyrate concentration in the batch fermentation assay (P < 0.05) and increased L. plantarum (linear, P < 0.05), L. reuteri (quadratic, P < 0.05) and B. thermophilum (linear, P < 0.05) counts and reduced S. typhimurium (quadratic, P = 0.058) counts in the pure culture growth assays. CH increased butyrate concentration (P < 0.05) in the batch fermentation assay. YBG reduced Prevotella spp. counts (P < 0.05) and butyrate concentration (P < 0.05) in the batch fermentation assay. Both CH and YBG had no major effects in the pure culture growth assays. In conclusion, the 5kDaR had the most beneficial effects associated with increased counts of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera and butyrate production and reduced S. typhimurium counts in vitro indicating its potential to promote gastrointestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigkita Venardou
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - John V O'Doherty
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Mary J McDonnell
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Anindya Mukhopadhya
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. and Food for Health Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Claire Kiely
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Marion T Ryan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Torres Sweeney
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. and Food for Health Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Briggs JA, Grondin JM, Brumer H. Communal living: glycan utilization by the human gut microbiota. Environ Microbiol 2020; 23:15-35. [PMID: 33185970 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Our lower gastrointestinal tract plays host to a vast consortium of microbes, known as the human gut microbiota (HGM). The HGM thrives on a complex and diverse range of glycan structures from both dietary and host sources, the breakdown of which requires the concerted action of cohorts of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), carbohydrate-binding proteins, and transporters. The glycan utilization profile of individual taxa, whether 'specialist' or 'generalist', is dictated by the number and functional diversity of these glycan utilization systems. Furthermore, taxa in the HGM may either compete or cooperate in glycan deconstruction, thereby creating a complex ecological web spanning diverse nutrient niches. As a result, our diet plays a central role in shaping the composition of the HGM. This review presents an overview of our current understanding of glycan utilization by the HGM on three levels: (i) molecular mechanisms of individual glycan deconstruction and uptake by key bacteria, (ii) glycan-mediated microbial interactions, and (iii) community-scale effects of dietary changes. Despite significant recent advancements, there remains much to be discovered regarding complex glycan metabolism in the HGM and its potential to affect positive health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon A Briggs
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Julie M Grondin
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Harry Brumer
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Lam KL, Lin S, Liu C, Wu X, Tang S, Kwan HS, Cheung PCK. Low-Cost Method Generating In Situ Anaerobic Conditions on a 96-Well Plate for Microbial Fermentation in Food Research. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:11839-11845. [PMID: 30277075 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Commercial tools and instruments have been developed for a screening study of microbial fermentation, but they are expensive and mostly confined to aerobic fermentation only. There is little development on the generation of anaerobic conditions directly on a 96-well plate. This report proposed a simple and versatile microbial fermentation system known as OVAMO that makes use of Oxyrase, vacuum, and mineral oil to generate an in situ anaerobic environment on a 96-well plate for at least 48 h. The practicality of OVAMO in anaerobic fermentation experiments used for functional food research was validated by a prebiotic screening study of different carbohydrates by Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis. The OVAMO system provides a less expensive but effective way to conduct a microbial fermentation screening study that requires anaerobic conditions without the need for atmospheric control by external devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Lung Lam
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, School of Life Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , New Territory , Hong Kong
| | - Shaolin Lin
- College of Food Science , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoran Liu
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, School of Life Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , New Territory , Hong Kong
- Food and Drug Safety Research Centre , Shenzhen Institute of Standards and Technology , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiyang Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Science and Engineering , Jinan University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510632 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shuze Tang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Science and Engineering , Jinan University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510632 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hoi-Shan Kwan
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, School of Life Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , New Territory , Hong Kong
| | - Peter Chi-Keung Cheung
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, School of Life Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , New Territory , Hong Kong
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