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Zhang L, Wang K, Wu K, Guo Y, Liu Z, Yang D, Zhang W, Luo H, Fu Y. Air disinfection by nanosecond pulsed DBD plasma. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 472:134487. [PMID: 38704906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma is an emerging and promising technique for air disinfection in public environments. Power supply is a crucial factor but it remains unclear about its impacts on the air disinfection performance of plasmas. In this work, a nanosecond (ns) pulsed power supply was applied to drive an in-duct grating-like DBD array to achieve fast single-pass air disinfection. The influence of pulse parameters and environmental factors on both the discharge characteristics and the single-pass bacterial inactivation efficiency were uncovered. At a close relative humidity (RH) level, the efficiency was dominated by the discharge power, namely, specific input energy could serve as the disinfection dose. A higher frequency, shorter pulse rising time, and suitable pulse width are preferred to obtain a higher Z value. The pulsed source was not notably superior to an alternating current source, or even worse at a low voltage frequency at the same discharge power. Airflow humidity was a predominant factor to improve the efficiency and a single-pass efficiency of ∼ 99% and a Z value of 2.2 L/J were achieved under an optimal RH of 50%-60%. This work provides fundamental knowledge of ns-pulsed DBD on discharge characteristics and air disinfection behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shengzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Kaiyue Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuntao Guo
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenjin Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haiyun Luo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yangyang Fu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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2
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Liu H, Zhang J, Liu J, Cao G, Xu F, Li X. Bactericidal Mechanisms of Chlorine Dioxide against Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcus CMCC 32210. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:5132-5144. [PMID: 37367075 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45060326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorine dioxide is a globally recognized green and efficient disinfectant. This study aims to investigate the bactericidal mechanism of chlorine dioxide using beta-hemolytic Streptococcus (BHS) CMCC 32210 as a representative strain. BHS was exposed to chlorine dioxide, the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of chlorine dioxide against BHS were determined by the checkerboard method in preparation for subsequent tests. Cell morphology was observed using electron microscopy. Protein content leakage, adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity, and lipid peroxidation were determined by kits, and DNA damage was determined using agar gel electrophoresis. The concentration of chlorine dioxide during disinfection showed a linear relationship with the concentration of BHS. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that chlorine dioxide caused significant damage to the cell walls of BHS at a concentration of 50 mg/L, but had no significant effect on Streptococcus exposed to different exposure times. Furthermore, the extracellular protein concentration increased with increasing chlorine dioxide concentration, while the total protein content remained unchanged. The activities of Na+/K+-ATPase and Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase decreased with increasing chlorine dioxide concentration. Chlorine dioxide treatment led to significant lipid peroxidation and DNA degradation in BHS. Leakage of intracellular components indicated that chlorine dioxide damaged the cell membrane of BHS. Chlorine dioxide exposure resulted in oxidative damage to lipids and proteins, which negatively impacted the cell wall and membrane of Streptococcus. This caused increased permeability and inactivation of key enzymes (Na+/K+-ATPase and Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase) involved in respiratory metabolism, ultimately leading to DNA degradation and bacterial death due to either content leakage or metabolic failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jingju Zhang
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jing Liu
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guangjie Cao
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fei Xu
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiubo Li
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
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Zhang L, Guo Y, Tie J, Yao Z, Feng Z, Wu Q, Wang X, Luo H. Grating-like DBD plasma for air disinfection: Dose and dose-response characteristics. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 447:130780. [PMID: 36669408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma is an emerging technique for effective bioaerosol decontamination and is promising to be used in indoor environments to reduce infections. However, fundamental knowledge of the dose and dose-response characteristics of plasma-based disinfection technology is very limited. By examining the single-pass removal efficiency of S. lentus aerosol by in-duct grating-like DBD plasma reactors with varied discharge setups (gap distance, electrode size, number of discharge layers, frequency, dielectric material), it was found that the specific input energy (SIE) could be served as the dose for disinfection, and the efficiency was exponentially dependent on SIE in most cases. The corresponding susceptibility constants (Z values) were obtained hereinafter. Humidity was a prominent factor boosting the efficiency with a Z value of 0.36 L/J at relative humidity (RH) of 20% and 1.68 L/J at RH of 60%. MS2 phage showed a much higher efficiency of 2.66-3.08 log10 of reduction than those of S. lentus (38-85%) and E. coli (42%-95%) under the same condition. Using SIE as the dose, the performance of plasma reactors in the literature was compared and evaluated. This work provides a theoretical and engineering basis for air disinfection by plasma-based technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuntao Guo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jinfeng Tie
- Disinfection and Infection Control, Chinese PLA Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Zenghui Yao
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zihao Feng
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haiyun Luo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Du Y, Mi S, Wang H, Yang F, Yu H, Xie Y, Guo Y, Cheng Y, Yao W. Inactivation mechanism of Alternaria alternata by dielectric barrier discharge plasma and its quality control on fresh wolfberries. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2023.109620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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5
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Use of mathematic models to describe the microbial inactivation on baby carrots by gaseous chlorine dioxide. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Mappa C, Pible O, Armengaud J, Alpha-Bazin B. Assessing the ratio of Bacillus spores and vegetative cells by shotgun proteomics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:25107-25115. [PMID: 30302730 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3341-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry for rapid identification of microorganisms is expanding over the last years because this approach is quick. This methodology provides a decisive interest to fight against bioterrorism as it is applicable whatever the pathogen to be considered and often allows subtyping which may be crucial for confirming a massive and widespread attack with biological agents. Here, we present a methodology based on next-generation proteomics and tandem mass spectrometry for discovering numerous protein biomarkers allowing the discrimination of spores and vegetative cells of Bacillus atrophaeus, a biowarfare simulant. We propose a global quantitative evaluation of the two groups of discriminant biomarkers based on their aggregated normalized spectral abundance factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Mappa
- Laboratoire Innovations technologiques pour la Détection et le Diagnostic (Li2D), Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), CEA, INRA, 30207, Bagnols sur Cèze, France
| | - Olivier Pible
- Laboratoire Innovations technologiques pour la Détection et le Diagnostic (Li2D), Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), CEA, INRA, 30207, Bagnols sur Cèze, France
| | - Jean Armengaud
- Laboratoire Innovations technologiques pour la Détection et le Diagnostic (Li2D), Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), CEA, INRA, 30207, Bagnols sur Cèze, France.
| | - Béatrice Alpha-Bazin
- Laboratoire Innovations technologiques pour la Détection et le Diagnostic (Li2D), Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), CEA, INRA, 30207, Bagnols sur Cèze, France
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Bai Y, Idris Muhammad A, Hu Y, Koseki S, Liao X, Chen S, Ye X, Liu D, Ding T. Inactivation kinetics of Bacillus cereus spores by Plasma activated water (PAW). Food Res Int 2020; 131:109041. [PMID: 32247505 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, plasma activated water has attracted more attention as a new disinfectant. The purpose of this study was to explore impact of variation of different treatment conditions on the inactivation kinetics of Bacillus cereus spores by PAW. All survival curves showed that the number of spores has decreased rapidly at first, followed by tailing results from the reduction inactivation rate. A linear and two nonlinear models (Weibull and Log-logistic model) were fitted to these data, and Log-logistic model fitted the inactivation of the B. cereus spores best. B. cereus spores in 106 CFU/mL was reduced by 1.62-2.96 log CFU/mL by PAW at 55 °C due to the reactive species generated in PAW. Elevated temperature, lower initial spore concentration, lower bovine serum albumin content, and smaller activation volume of PAW considerably enhanced PAW inactivation of B. cereus spores. These results provide an approach to evaluate the inactivation efficacy of different treatment conditions for PAW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Bai
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Aliyu Idris Muhammad
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yaqin Hu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Shigenobu Koseki
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Xinyu Liao
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Shiguo Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xingqian Ye
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Donghong Liu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Tian Ding
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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Mitchell CM, McGrath A, Beck B, Schurr MJ, Fong D, Leszczynski JK, Manuel CA. Low-cost, Small-scale Decontamination of Laboratory Equipment by Using Chlorine Dioxide Gas. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019; 58:569-576. [PMID: 31466553 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-18-000105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A significant concern in laboratory animal medicine is contamination due to pathogen outbreaks and how to adequately decontaminate small equipment. Many factors play a role in the selection of the decontamination method including cost, efficacy, personnel time and safety. Chlorine dioxide (ClO₂) gas is an effective method, but decontamination often requires a ClO₂ gas generator with a specialized air-tight exposure chamber. Although this method works well for large-scale decon- tamination, the use of a gas generator may be impractical and too costly for smaller-scale decontamination. The goal of this study was to create and validate an effective, small-scale decontamination method that uses ClO₂ gas and which is an affordable, efficient, safe, and reproducible. First, we identified a product that generates ClO₂ gas after the combination of 2 dry reagents. To find an affordable exposure chamber, we evaluated the ability of 4 household totes with gasket-seal lid systems to retain ClO₂ gas and relative humidity (RH). The efficacy of decontamination was validated by concurrently using 2 different biologic indicators (BI), Bacillus atrophaeus (B.a.) and Geobacillus stearothermophilus (G.s.). All household totes evaluated held sufficient gas and RH for a 15-h cycle, providing adequate contact time to inactivate both BI evaluated. Our results suggest that a total exposure dose of 71 ± 42 ppm-h of ClO₂ gas over 15 h at 90% or greater RH is adequate to inactivate both B.a. and G.s. There was no statistical significance between the 2 BI as indicators for decontamination; 65 of 230 (28.3%) B.a. and 75 of 230 (32.6%) G.s spore strips were positive for growth (P = 0.36). In conclusion, we successfully combined a variety of low-cost materials to establish an effective, small-scale method to decontaminate laboratory equipment. Depending on the size of the tote and whether BI are used, the cost of our method is roughly 1% that of large-scale ClO₂ gas generators used with specialized air-tight exposure chambers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara M Mitchell
- Animal Resources Center, The University of Chicago Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alison McGrath
- Department of Environmental Health and Safety, Research Safety and Industrial Hygiene, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado-Denver
| | - Breanne Beck
- Department of Environmental Health and Safety, Research Safety and Industrial Hygiene, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado-Denver
| | - Michael J Schurr
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Research Safety and Industrial Hygiene, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado-Denver
| | - Derek Fong
- Office of Laboratory Animal Resources, Research Safety and Industrial Hygiene, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado-Denver; Department of Pathology, Research Safety and Industrial Hygiene, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado-Denver
| | - Jorik K Leszczynski
- Office of Laboratory Animal Resources, Research Safety and Industrial Hygiene, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado-Denver; Department of Pathology, Research Safety and Industrial Hygiene, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado-Denver
| | - Christopher A Manuel
- Office of Laboratory Animal Resources, Research Safety and Industrial Hygiene, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado-Denver; Department of Pathology, Research Safety and Industrial Hygiene, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado-Denver; University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado;,
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Wood JP, Adrion AC. Review of Decontamination Techniques for the Inactivation of Bacillus anthracis and Other Spore-Forming Bacteria Associated with Building or Outdoor Materials. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:4045-4062. [PMID: 30901213 PMCID: PMC6547374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the intentional release of Bacillus anthracis spores through the U.S. Postal Service in the fall of 2001, research and development related to decontamination for this biological agent have increased substantially. This review synthesizes the advances made relative to B. anthracis spore decontamination science and technology since approximately 2002, referencing the open scientific literature and publicly available, well-documented scientific reports. In the process of conducting this review, scientific knowledge gaps have also been identified. This review focuses primarily on techniques that are commercially available and that could potentially be used in the large-scale decontamination of buildings and other structures, as well as outdoor environments. Since 2002, the body of scientific data related to decontamination and microbial sterilization has grown substantially, especially in terms of quantifying decontamination efficacy as a function of several factors. Specifically, progress has been made in understanding how decontaminant chemistry, the materials the microorganisms are associated with, environmental factors, and microbiological methods quantitatively impact spore inactivation. While advancement has been made in the past 15 years to further the state of the science in the inactivation of bacterial spores in a decontamination scenario, further research is warranted to close the scientific gaps that remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P. Wood
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Offce of Research and Development, National Homeland Security Research Center, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina United States
- Corresponding Author: Phone: (919) 541-5029;
| | - Alden Charles Adrion
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Offce of Research and Development, National Homeland Security Research Center, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina United States
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Postdoctoral Fellow, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
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Inactivation kinetics of slightly acidic electrolyzed water combined with benzalkonium chloride and mild heat treatment on vegetative cells, spores, and biofilms of Bacillus cereus. Food Res Int 2019; 116:157-167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Role of aqueous chlorine dioxide in controlling the growth of Fusarium graminearum and its application on contaminated wheat. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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