Enhancement of Goldfish Virus Type 2 Replication by 1- Naphthol, the Major Hydrolysis Product of the Pesticide Carbaryl

Establishment and characterization of a heart-derived cell line from goldfish (Carassius auratus)

The goldfish Carassius auratus, a freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae, was one of the earliest fish to be domesticated for ornamental purposes. A cell line was established from goldfish heart (GH) tissue to create a biological monitoring tool for viral diseases. The GH cell line was optimally maintained at 25 °C in M199 medium supplemented with 10-20% fetal bovine serum. A chromosomal analysis indicated that the cell line remained diploid, with a mean chromosomal count of 100. In viral inoculation assays, significant cytopathic effects (CPEs) were caused by epizootic hematopoietic necrosis virus (EHNV), Andrias davidianus iridovirus (ADIV), and Bohle iridovirus (BIV) infections in the fish cells and the viral titers (average value) of EHNV, ADIV, and BIV in GH cells reached 10^5.0, 10^4.5, and 10^5.0 TCID₅₀/0.1 mL, respectively, within 7 days. However, no CPE was observed in the cells infected with viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV), infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), channel catfish virus (CCV), or grass carp reovirus (GCRV). These results suggest that the GH cell line is a valuable tool for studying viral pathogenesis.

Establishment from the snout and kidney of goldfish, Carassius auratus, of two new cell lines and their susceptibility to infectious pancreatic necrosis virus

Goldfish Carassius auratus are commonly used in scientific research and have a significant economic value in the pet trade. In this study, two cell lines were established from the snout and kidney tissue of goldfish, in order to create a biological monitoring tool for viral diseases. Cell lines were optimally maintained at 25 °C in M199 medium supplemented with 15-20 % fetal bovine serum. Chromosomal analysis indicated that both cell lines remained diploid, with a mean chromosomal count of 100. Results of viral inoculation assays revealed that both cell lines shared similar patterns of viral susceptibility and production to infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV). The viral titers of IPNV in goldfish snout cell line (GFSe) and goldfish kidney cell line (GFKf) reached 10(6.8) and 10(5.9) TCID50/0.1 mL, respectively, within 7 days. The cytopathic effect could be observed when Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 was inoculated into these cells; however, the CPE disappeared after four passages. No CPE was observed in the cells infected by spring viremia carp virus or grass carp reovirus. These newly established cell lines will be a useful diagnostic tool for viral diseases in this fish species and also for the isolation and study of goldfish viruses in future.

Establishment, characterization and viral susceptibility of a new cell line derived from goldfish, Carassius auratus (L.), tail fin

A continuous cell line [goldfish tail fin (GFTF)] derived from a goldfish tail fin, Carassius auratus, was established and characterized. GFTF cells predominantly consist of fibroblast-like cells that were maintained and subcultured more than 50 times over a period of 15 months. Cells grew at temperatures between 15 and 37°C, with an optimum temperature of 25°C. The growth rate of GFTF cells increased proportionally with the foetal bovine serum (FBS) concentration (5-20%), with optimum growth at 20% FBS. The chromosome numbers were 88-112, with a modal peak of 104 chromosomes. Five known fish viruses were tested to determine susceptibility. Results demonstrated that GFTF is susceptible to snakehead rhabdovirus, spring viraemia of carp virus and channel catfish virus (CCV). In addition, GFTF demonstrated a higher sensitivity to, and increased viral production of, CCV than that observed in the control cell line, channel catfish ovary cells. This suggests that GFTF cells would be useful as a diagnostic tool for viral diseases in this fish species, as well as for the isolation and study of goldfish viruses in the future. Furthermore, these cells were transfected with pEGFP-N1 vector DNA and some fluorescent signals were observed, suggesting that GFTF cells could be a useful tool for transgenic and genetic manipulation studies.