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Duprey A, Taib N, Leonard S, Garin T, Flandrois JP, Nasser W, Brochier-Armanet C, Reverchon S. The phytopathogenic nature of Dickeya aquatica 174/2 and the dynamic early evolution of Dickeya pathogenicity. Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:2809-2835. [PMID: 30969462 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dickeya is a genus of phytopathogenic enterobacterales causing soft rot in a variety of plants (e.g. potato, chicory, maize). Among the species affiliated to this genus, Dickeya aquatica, described in 2014, remained particularly mysterious because it had no known host. Furthermore, while D. aquatica was proposed to represent a deep-branching species among Dickeya genus, its precise phylogenetic position remained elusive. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of the D. aquatica type strain 174/2. We demonstrate the affinity of D. aquatica strain 174/2 for acidic fruits such as tomato and cucumber and show that exposure of this bacterium to acidic pH induces twitching motility. An in-depth phylogenomic analysis of all available Dickeya proteomes pinpoints D. aquatica as the second deepest branching lineage within this genus and reclassifies two lineages that likely correspond to new genomospecies (gs.): Dickeya gs. poaceaephila (Dickeya sp NCPPB 569) and Dickeya gs. undicola (Dickeya sp 2B12), together with a new putative genus, tentatively named Prodigiosinella. Finally, from comparative analyses of Dickeya proteomes, we infer the complex evolutionary history of this genus, paving the way to study the adaptive patterns and processes of Dickeya to different environmental niches and hosts. In particular, we hypothesize that the lack of xylanases and xylose degradation pathways in D. aquatica could reflect adaptation to aquatic charophyte hosts which, in contrast to land plants, do not contain xyloglucans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Duprey
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, CNRS, UMR5240, Microbiologie, Adaptation et Pathogénie, 10 Rue Raphaël Dubois, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Najwa Taib
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, 43 bd du 11 novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Simon Leonard
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, CNRS, UMR5240, Microbiologie, Adaptation et Pathogénie, 10 Rue Raphaël Dubois, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Tiffany Garin
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, 43 bd du 11 novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Flandrois
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, 43 bd du 11 novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - William Nasser
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, CNRS, UMR5240, Microbiologie, Adaptation et Pathogénie, 10 Rue Raphaël Dubois, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Céline Brochier-Armanet
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, 43 bd du 11 novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sylvie Reverchon
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, CNRS, UMR5240, Microbiologie, Adaptation et Pathogénie, 10 Rue Raphaël Dubois, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
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Marshall J, Rossez Y, Mainda G, Gally DL, Daniell TJ, Holden NJ. Alternate thermoregulation and functional binding ofEscherichia colitype 1 fimbriae in environmental and animal isolates. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2016; 363:fnw251. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnw251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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3
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Yaron S, Römling U. Biofilm formation by enteric pathogens and its role in plant colonization and persistence. Microb Biotechnol 2014; 7:496-516. [PMID: 25351039 PMCID: PMC4265070 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The significant increase in foodborne outbreaks caused by contaminated fresh produce, such as alfalfa sprouts, lettuce, melons, tomatoes and spinach, during the last 30 years stimulated investigation of the mechanisms of persistence of human pathogens on plants. Emerging evidence suggests that Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli, which cause the vast majority of fresh produce outbreaks, are able to adhere to and to form biofilms on plants leading to persistence and resistance to disinfection treatments, which subsequently can cause human infections and major outbreaks. In this review, we present the current knowledge about host, bacterial and environmental factors that affect the attachment to plant tissue and the process of biofilm formation by S. enterica and E. coli, and discuss how biofilm formation assists in persistence of pathogens on the plants. Mechanisms used by S. enterica and E. coli to adhere and persist on abiotic surfaces and mammalian cells are partially similar and also used by plant pathogens and symbionts. For example, amyloid curli fimbriae, part of the extracellular matrix of biofilms, frequently contribute to adherence and are upregulated upon adherence and colonization of plant material. Also the major exopolysaccharide of the biofilm matrix, cellulose, is an adherence factor not only of S. enterica and E. coli, but also of plant symbionts and pathogens. Plants, on the other hand, respond to colonization by enteric pathogens with a variety of defence mechanisms, some of which can effectively inhibit biofilm formation. Consequently, plant compounds might be investigated for promising novel antibiofilm strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Yaron
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Ute Römling
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska InstitutetStockholm, Sweden
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4
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Wallace A, Pérombelon M. Role of haemagglutinins in adhesion of Erwinia carotovora to potato tissue. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1993.tb05191.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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Castellanos T, Ascencio F, Bashan Y. Cell-surface hydrophobicity and cell-surface charge of Azospirillum spp. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.1997.tb00432.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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6
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Dufrěne YF, Vermeiren H, Vanderleyden J, Rouxhet PG. Direct evidence for the involvement of extracellular proteins in the adhesion of Azospirillum brasilense. Microbiology (Reading) 1996; 142:855-865. [DOI: 10.1099/00221287-142-4-855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesion of Azospirillum brasilense to glass and polystyrene was investigated by bringing the cells into contact with the support by sedimentation. Adhesion depended on time and temperature: lower adhesion densities were observed when the contact time was only 2 h or 6 h, as compared to 24 h, or when the test was performed at 4 -C, as compared to 30 °. The influence of cell physiology was further demonstrated by the effect of tetracycline, which inhibited adhesion. Scanning electron microscopy showed that cells produced extracellular material when left in contact with a support for 24 h. The surface elemental composition of cells and of polystyrene supports after cell adhesion and subsequent detachment was determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; this provided information on the relative concentrations of proteins and polysaccharides at the surface. The protein concentration at the surface of a cell sediment increased as a function of time at 30 °, correlating with an increase of adhesion density. A similar correlation between protein concentration and adhesion density was found when comparing exponentialphase cells with stationary-phase cells. The surface composition of polystyrene supports examined after cell detachment was found to be rich in proteins, indicating that proteins are the major constituent at the support surface. Lowering the contact time, or performing adhesion under unfavourable metabolic conditions (4 °) or in the presence of tetracycline, resulted in a decrease in protein concentration at the support surface, which was correlated with a decrease in adhesion density. The correlation between protein concentration at the cell surface or at the support surface and adhesion density, under different experimental conditions, provides a direct demonstration of the involvement of extracellular proteins in the adhesion of A. brasilense to inert surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves F. Dufrěne
- Unité de Chimie des Interfaces, Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud 2/18, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Hans Vermeiren
- F. A. Janssens Laboratory of Genetics, Catholic University of Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Jos Vanderleyden
- F. A. Janssens Laboratory of Genetics, Catholic University of Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Paul G. Rouxhet
- Unité de Chimie des Interfaces, Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud 2/18, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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7
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Achouak W, Mot R, Heulin T. Purification and partial characterization of an outer membrane protein involved in the adhesion of Rahnella aquatilis to wheat roots. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 1995. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.1995.tb00264.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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8
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Wallace A, Pérombelon MC. Haemagglutinins and fimbriae of soft rot Erwinias. THE JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY 1992; 73:114-9. [PMID: 1383182 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1992.tb01696.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Strains of phytopathogenic soft rot Erwinia spp. were examined for haemagglutinin (HA) production. Mannose-sensitive HA was found only in five of 15 strains of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora. Mannose-resistant HA (MRHA) was found in 12 of 15 strains of E.c. carotovora, ten of 13 strains of E.c. subsp. atroseptica and the single strain of E.c. subsp. betavasculorum, as well as all seven strains of E. chrysanthemi. MRHA, detectable only in a microtitre tray HA assay was of either broad- or narrow-spectrum activity when examined against blood of seven different animal species and could be inhibited by the beta-galactoside asialofetuin. Fimbriae of ca 10 nm diameter were found on MRHA(+) bacteria E.c. carotovora and E.c. atroseptica.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wallace
- Department of Mycology and Bacteriology, Scottish Crop Research Institute, Dundee, UK
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9
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Tarkkanen AM, Allen BL, Williams PH, Kauppi M, Haahtela K, Siitonen A, Orskov I, Orskov F, Clegg S, Korhonen TK. Fimbriation, capsulation, and iron-scavenging systems of Klebsiella strains associated with human urinary tract infection. Infect Immun 1992; 60:1187-92. [PMID: 1347287 PMCID: PMC257611 DOI: 10.1128/iai.60.3.1187-1192.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirty-two strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae and seven strains of Klebsiella oxytoca isolated from urinary tract infections in elderly adults were analyzed for capsular antigens, iron-scavenging systems, and fimbriation. All strains were capsulated. Twenty-seven different K antigens were identified among the strains, with no particular antigen dominating. All strains produced the iron-scavenging system enterochelin as analyzed by bioassay and DNA hybridization. In contrast, the aerobactin iron-sequestering system was not detected in any of the strains. All strains caused hemagglutination of tannin-treated human erythrocytes and reacted with an anti-type 3 fimbriae antiserum as well as in DNA hybridization with a type 3 fimbria-specific probe, indicating that the Klebsiella strains possessed this fimbrial type. Possession of type 1 fimbriae was analyzed by agglutination tests and by hybridization with DNA probes from two distinct Klebsiella type 1 fimbria gene clusters. Phenotypic expression of the type 1 fimbriae was found in 29 of 32 K. pneumoniae strains, whereas 30 strains reacted with either of the two type 1 fimbrial cluster DNA probes. In K. oxytoca, however, only three of seven strains expressed type 1 fimbriae and reacted with the DNA probes. The type 3 fimbriae were found to bind to a fraction of epithelial cells exfoliated in normal human urine, whereas the type 1 fimbriae bound strongly to urinary slime. No inhibitors of type 3 fimbrial binding were detected in human urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Tarkkanen
- Department of General Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Finland
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10
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Smit G, Kijne JW, Lugtenberg BJ. Involvement of both cellulose fibrils and a Ca2+-dependent adhesin in the attachment of Rhizobium leguminosarum to pea root hair tips. J Bacteriol 1987; 169:4294-301. [PMID: 3624205 PMCID: PMC213743 DOI: 10.1128/jb.169.9.4294-4301.1987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously described an assay for the attachment of Rhizobium bacteria to pea root hair tips (cap formation) which was used as a model to study the attachment step in the nodulation process. Under all conditions tested, a positive correlation was observed between the percentage of fibrillated cells and the ability of these bacteria to form caps and to adhere to glass, suggesting that fibrils play a role in the attachment of Rhizobium leguminosarum to pea root hair tips and to glass (G. Smit, J. W. Kijne, and B. J. J. Lugtenberg, J. Bacteriol. 168:821-827, 1986). In the present paper the chemical and functional characterization of the fibrils of R. leguminosarum is described. Characterization of purified fibrils by infrared spectroscopy and cellulase treatment followed by thin-layer chromatography showed that the fibrils are composed of cellulose. Purified cellulose fibrils, as well as commercial cellulose, inhibited cap formation when present during the attachment assay. Incubation of the bacteria with purified cellulase just before the attachment assay strongly inhibited cap formation, indicating that the fibrils are directly involved in the attachment process. Tn5-induced fibril-overproducing mutants showed a greatly increased ability to form caps, whereas Tn5-induced fibril-negative mutants lost this ability. None of these Tn5 insertions appeared to be located on the Sym plasmid. Both types of mutants showed normal nodulation properties, indicating that cellulose fibrils are not a prerequisite for successful nodulation under the conditions used. The ability of the fibril-negative mutants to attach to glass was not affected by the mutations, indicating that attachment to pea root hair tips and attachment to glass are (partly) based on different mechanisms. However, growth of the rhizobia under low Ca2+ conditions strongly reduced attachment to glass and also prevented cap formation, although it had no negative effect on fibril synthesis. This phenomenon was found for several Rhizobium spp. It was concluded that both cellulose fibrils and a Ca2+ -dependent adhesin(s) are involved in the attachment of R. leguminosarum to pea root hair tips. A model cap formation as a two-step process is discussed.
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11
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Vesper SJ. Production of Pili (Fimbriae) by
Pseudomonas fluorescens
and Correlation with Attachment to Corn Roots. Appl Environ Microbiol 1987; 53:1397-405. [PMID: 16347370 PMCID: PMC203883 DOI: 10.1128/aem.53.7.1397-1405.1987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas fluorescens
isolates 13525 and 2-79 were grown in Luria broth and low-nutrient medium (LNM). Pililike fibrils were very rarely produced in Luria broth but were abundantly produced in LNM. In LNM the pili were peritrichously distributed and had diameters ranging from 3 to 8 nm. Pili were purified from strain 2-79, and the pilin subunit was found to have a molecular weight of about 34,000. Strain 2-79 produced two colony types on Luria agar, nonmucoidal and mucoidal. Cells in LNM cultures of the nonmucoidal colony type were highly piliated, and cells from the mucoidal type were nearly devoid of pili. The presence of pili on nonmucoidal isolate 2-79 was quantitatively correlated with hydrophobic attachment to polystyrene, hemagglutination, and attachment to corn roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Vesper
- Battelle-Kettering Laboratory, Yellow Springs, Ohio 45387
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12
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Korhonen TK, Kalkkinen N, Haahtela K, Old DC. Characterization of type 1 and mannose-resistant fimbriae of Erwinia spp. J Bacteriol 1987; 169:2281-3. [PMID: 2883172 PMCID: PMC212154 DOI: 10.1128/jb.169.5.2281-2283.1987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 fimbriae from Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora and mannose-resistant fimbriae from Erwinia rhapontici were purified and characterized. The type 1 fimbrillin had an apparent molecular weight of 16,500; that of the mannose-resistant fimbrillin was 18,000. The amino-terminal amino acid sequences of the two fimbrillins were related, but tryptic peptide maps showed significant differences between the proteins. No serological cross-reaction was found between the two fimbrial filaments, nor did they cross-react with type 1 or type 3 fimbriae purified from other enterobacterial species. Immunofluorescent staining of bacterial populations revealed that they were heterogeneous with respect to fimbriation.
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13
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Smit G, Kijne JW, Lugtenberg BJ. Correlation between extracellular fibrils and attachment of Rhizobium leguminosarum to pea root hair tips. J Bacteriol 1986; 168:821-7. [PMID: 3782027 PMCID: PMC213558 DOI: 10.1128/jb.168.2.821-827.1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As part of a project meant to characterize molecules involved in nodulation, a semiquantitative microscopic assay was developed for measuring attachment of Rhizobium leguminosarum cells to pea root hair tips, i.e., the site at which R. leguminosarum initiates nodulation. This form of attachment, designated as cap formation, was dependent on the incubation pH and growth phase, with optimal attachment at pH 7.5 and with bacteria in the early stationary phase of growth. Addition of glucose to the growth medium delayed the initiation of the stationary phase and cap formation, suggesting a correlation between cap formation and carbon limitation. Attachment of R. leguminosarum was not inhibited by pea lectin haptens which makes it unlikely that lectins are involved under the tested conditions. Moreover, heterologous fast-growing rhizobia adhered equally well to pea root hair tips. Since the attachment characteristics of a Sym plasmid-cured derivative were indistinguishable from those of the wild-type strain, the Sym plasmidborne nodulation genes are not necessary for attachment. Sodium chloride and various other salts abolished attachment when present during the attachment assay in final concentrations of 100 mM. R. leguminosarum produced extracellular fibrils. A positive correlation between the percentage of fibrillated cells and the ability of the bacteria to form caps and to adhere to glass and erythrocytes was observed under various conditions, suggesting that these fibrils play a role in attachment of the bacteria to pea root hair tips, to glass, and to erythrocytes.
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14
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Haahtela K, Laakso T, Korhonen TK. Associative Nitrogen Fixation by
Klebsiella
spp.: Adhesion Sites and Inoculation Effects on Grass Roots. Appl Environ Microbiol 1986; 52:1074-9. [PMID: 16347205 PMCID: PMC239175 DOI: 10.1128/aem.52.5.1074-1079.1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesion sites on grass roots for
Klebsiella
strains carrying type 3 or type 1 fimbriae or both were determined. Adhesion of the strains to the roots of
Poa pratensis
and
Festuca rubra
was highly localized; the bacteria adhered strongly to root hairs and with a markedly lower efficiency to the surface of the zone of elongation and to the root cap mucilage. No adhesion to the epidermal cells between root hairs was observed. The adhesion sites were identical for the type 3- and 1-fimbriated bacteria and for
P. pratensis, F. rubra
, and
Trifolium pratense.
Inoculation of
P. pratensis
seedlings with
Klebsiella pneumoniae
strain As resulted in morphological changes in plant roots. The roots of infected plants were heavily covered with root hairs, which often were deformed and branched.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Haahtela
- Department of General Microbiology, University of Helsinki, SF-00280 Helsinki 28, Finland
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15
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Romantschuk M, Bamford DH. The causal agent of halo blight in bean, Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola, attaches to stomata via its pili. Microb Pathog 1986; 1:139-48. [PMID: 2907769 DOI: 10.1016/0882-4010(86)90016-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The phytopathogenic pseudomonad Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola causes halo blight of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Initiation of infection depends on the ability of the cells to adhere to the target cell surface. P. syringae pv. phaseolicola expresses pili, which are the receptors of the lipid-containing dsRNA bacteriophage phi 6. phi 6-resistant bacterial strains can be divided into different piliation types. It was possible to show that the adhesion of the bacteria onto plant cell surface was dependent on the pili. Non-piliated bacterial stains showed a much lower adherence to the leaf surface than strains expressing phi 6 specific pili. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the piliated bacteria attached to the leaf surface at the site of stomata. Non-piliated bacteria were evenly distributed on the leaf surface. All bacterial strains used in this study were capable of causing halo blight if injected into the plant. If the bacteria were sprayed on the plants, followed by spraying of sterile buffer, only piliated bacteria caused symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Romantschuk
- Department of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Finland
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16
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Haahtela K, Korhonen TK. In Vitro Adhesion of N
2
-Fixing Enteric Bacteria to Roots of Grasses and Cereals. Appl Environ Microbiol 1985; 49:1186-90. [PMID: 16346793 PMCID: PMC238527 DOI: 10.1128/aem.49.5.1186-1190.1985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen-fixing
Klebsiella
and
Enterobacter
strains isolated from several plants were assayed for fimbriae and for adhesion to plant roots in vitro. All eight
Klebsiella
strains formed type 3 fimbriae, and five strains also formed type 1 fimbriae; all 21
Enterobacter
strains had type 1 fimbriae. Three strains of
Klebsiella
carrying either type 1, type 3, or no fimbriae were used as model organisms in developing an in vitro adhesion test. Adhesion was assayed with bacterial cells labeled with [
3
H]leucine. Fifteen N
2
-fixing strains and the three model strains were compared for adhesion to the roots of seven grasses and five cereals. Type 3-fimbriated
Klebsiella
strains adhered better than the other strains, and type 3 fimbriae appeared to be major adhesins for the
Klebsiella
strains. Although variations between plants were observed, no host specificity for bacterial adhesion was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Haahtela
- Department of General Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Mannerheimintie 172, SF-00280, Helsinki 28, Finland
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