1
|
Du NN, Bai M, Zhang X, Zhou L, Huang XX, Song SJ. Coumarins from Sarcandra glabra (Thunb.) Nakai and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibiting Activity. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200558. [PMID: 36036517 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nine coumarins including a pair of new enantiomers ( 1a / 1b ) and seven known compounds ( 2-8 ) were isolated from Sarcandra glabra (Thunb.) Nakai. Among them, compounds 1a and 1b were naturally occurring coumarin-phenylpropanoid conjugate enantiomers. Their structures were identified by NMR and ECD calculations. Compounds 1-8 were tested for acetylcholinesterase (AchE) inhibiting activity. The results of the enzymology experiment showed that compound 3 demonstrated obvious AchE inhibitory activity which showed an IC 50 value of 1.982 ± 0.003 μ M, and the binding sites were predicted by molecular docking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Ning Du
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, wenhua road, No 103, Shenyang, CHINA
| | - Ming Bai
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, wenhua road, No 103, Shenyang, CHINA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, wenhua road, No 103, Shenyang, CHINA
| | - Le Zhou
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, wenhua road, No 103, Shenyang, CHINA
| | - Xiao-Xiao Huang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, wenhua road, No 103, Shenyang, CHINA
| | - Shao-Jiang Song
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, wenhua road, No 103, 110016, Shenyang, CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Moody JD, Fu PP, Freeman JP, Cerniglia CE. Regio- and stereoselective metabolism of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene by Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1. Appl Environ Microbiol 2003; 69:3924-31. [PMID: 12839762 PMCID: PMC165122 DOI: 10.1128/aem.69.7.3924-3931.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The degradation of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), a carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, by cultures of Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1 was studied. When M. vanbaalenii PYR-1 was grown in the presence of DMBA for 136 h, high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed the presence of four ethyl acetate-extractable compounds and unutilized substrate. Characterization of the metabolites by mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry indicated initial attack at the C-5 and C-6 positions and on the methyl group attached to C-7 of DMBA. The metabolites were identified as cis-5,6-dihydro-5,6-dihydroxy-7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA cis-5,6-dihydrodiol), trans-5,6-dihydro-5,6-dihydroxy-7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA trans-5,6-dihydrodiol), and 7-hydroxymethyl-12-methylbenz[a]anthracene, suggesting dioxygenation and monooxygenation reactions. Chiral stationary-phase HPLC analysis of the dihydrodiols showed that DMBA cis-5,6-dihydrodiol had 95% 5S,6R and 5% 5R,6S absolute stereochemistry. On the other hand, the DMBA trans-5,6-dihydrodiol was a 100% 5S,6S enantiomer. A minor photooxidation product, 7,12-epidioxy-7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, was also formed. The results demonstrate that M. vanbaalenii PYR-1 is highly regio- and stereoselective in the degradation of DMBA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna D Moody
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Moody JD, Freeman JP, Fu PP, Cerniglia CE. Biotransformation of mirtazapine by Cunninghamella elegans. Drug Metab Dispos 2002; 30:1274-9. [PMID: 12386135 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.30.11.1274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The fungus Cunninghamella elegans was used as a microbial model of mammalian metabolism to biotransform the tetracyclic antidepressant drug mirtazapine, which is manufactured as a racemic mixture of R(-)- and S(+)-enantiomers. In 168 h, C. elegans transformed 91% of the drug into the following seven metabolites: 8-hydroxymirtazapine, N-desmethyl-8-hydroxymirtazapine, N-desmethylmirtazapine, 13-hydroxymirtazapine, mirtazapine N-oxide, 12-hydroxymirtazapine, and N-desmethyl-13-hydroxymirtazapine. Circular dichroism spectral analysis of unused mirtazapine indicated that it was slightly enriched with the R(-)-enantiomer. When the fungus was treated with the optically pure forms of the drug, the S(+)-enantiomer produced all seven metabolites whereas the R(-)-enantiomer produced only 8-hydroxymirtazapine, N-desmethyl-8-hydroxymirtazapine, N-desmethylmirtazapine, and mirtazapine N-oxide. C. elegans produced five mammalian and two novel metabolites and is therefore a suitable microbial model for mirtazapine metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna D Moody
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
|
5
|
Abstract
Enantiopure epoxides, as well as their corresponding vicinal diols, are valuable intermediates in fine organic synthesis, in particular for the preparation of biologically active compounds. The necessity of preparing such target molecules in an optically pure form has triggered much research, leading to the emergence of various new methods based on either conventional chemistry or enzymatically catalyzed reactions. In this review, we focus on the biocatalytic approaches, which include direct epoxidation of olefinic double bonds as well as indirect biocatalytic methods, and which allow for the synthesis of these important chiral building blocks in enantiomerically enriched or even enantiopure form.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Archelas
- Groupe Biocatalyse et Chimie Fine, ERS 157 associée au CNRS, Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Casillas RP, Crow SA, Heinze TM, Deck J, Cerniglia CE. Initial oxidative and subsequent conjugative metabolites produced during the metabolism of phenanthrene by fungi. JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY 1996; 16:205-15. [PMID: 8652115 DOI: 10.1007/bf01570023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Three filamentous fungi were examined for the ability to biotransform phenanthrene to oxidative (phase I) and conjugative (phase II) metabolites. Phenanthrene metabolites were purified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and identified by UV/visible absorption, mass, and 1H NMR spectra. Aspergillus niger ATCC 6275, Syncephalastrum racemosum UT-70, and Cunninghamella elegans ATCC 9245 initially transformed [9-(14)C]phenanthrene to produce metabolites at the 9,10-, 1,2-, and 3,4-positions. Subsequently, sulfate conjugates of phase I metabolites were formed by A. niger, S. racemosum, and C. elegans. Minor glucuronide conjugates of 9-phenanthrol and phenanthrene trans-9, 10-dihydrodiol were formed by S. racemosum and A. niger, respectively. In addition, C. elegans produced the glucose conjugates 1-phenanthryl beta-D-glucopyranoside and 2-hydroxy-1-phenanthryl beta-D-glucopyranoside, a novel metabolite. [9-(14)C]Phenanthrene metabolites were not detected in organic extracts from biotransformation experiments with the yeasts, Candida lipolytica 37-1, Candida tropicalis ATCC 32113, and Candida maltosa R-42.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R P Casillas
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta 30303, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Microbial hydroxylation. I. Hydroxylation of aniline byAspergillus alliaceus, A. albertensis andA. terreus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01569754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
8
|
Pedragosa-Moreau S, Archelas A, Furstoss R. Microbiological transformations--XXIX. Enantioselective hydrolysis of epoxides using microorganisms: a mechanistic study. Bioorg Med Chem 1994; 2:609-16. [PMID: 7858966 DOI: 10.1016/0968-0896(94)85008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The regio- and stereochemistry of the hydrolysis of styrene oxide 1 by two fungi: Aspergillus niger and Beauveria sulfurescens, were studied using H2(18)O labelling experiments. Also, the kinetic parameters of these hydrolyses were determined. We conclude that the epoxide hydrolases of these two fungi operate via different mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Pedragosa-Moreau
- Groupe de Chimie Organique et Bioorganique, URA CNRS 1320 Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bhosle S, Kaliwal SM, Paknikar SK, Mavinkurve S. Molecular Rearrangement of Longifolene by
Arthrobacter ilicis
T
2. Appl Environ Microbiol 1993; 59:1691-3. [PMID: 16348946 PMCID: PMC182141 DOI: 10.1128/aem.59.5.1691-1693.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthrobacter ilicis
T
2
brings about a unique type of cometabolic structural rearrangement of longifolene, a sesquiterpene, resulting in the formation of an acid. Infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, and decoupling studies indicate that the acid product has a sativenelike structure, which is confirmed by conversion of the acid to its methyl ester and hydrocarbon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Bhosle
- Department of Microbiology and Department of Chemistry, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa 403 203, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wilson SC, Jones KC. Bioremediation of soil contaminated with polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): a review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 1993; 81:229-249. [PMID: 15091809 DOI: 10.1016/0269-7491(93)90206-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/1992] [Accepted: 06/03/1992] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) constitute a group of priority pollutants which are present at high concentrations in the soils of many industrially contaminated sites. Criteria established for the removal or treatment or both of soils contaminated with PAHs vary widely within and between nations. The bioremediation of contaminated soils with in-situ, on-site, and bioreactor techniques is reviewed, together with the factors affecting PAH degradation. Current in-situ remediation techniques are considered ineffective for the removal of most PAHs from contaminated soil. On-site 'landforming' methods have been used successfully (and within a reasonable period of time) to degrade only those PAHs with three or fewer aromatic rings. Bioreactors have proved most effective for soil remediation, since conditions for enhanced degradation can be achieved most readily. However, bioreactors are still at the development stage, and further research is required to optimise their efficiency and economy for routine use. Degradation of the more recalcitrant high-molecular-weight PAHs is contaminated soil has not been particularly successful to date. Further research needs are identified to help develop bioremediation into a most cost-effective technology. The importance of full site assessments and treatability studies for successful application in the field is emphasised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S C Wilson
- Institute of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of hazardous environmental pollutants, many of which are acutely toxic, mutagenic, or carcinogenic. A diverse group of fungi, including Aspergillus ochraceus, Cunninghamella elegans, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Syncephalastrum racemosum, have the ability to oxidize PAHs. The PAHs anthracene, benz[a]anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene, fluoranthene, fluorene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene, as well as several methyl-, nitro-, and fluoro-substituted PAHs, are metabolized by one or more of these fungi. Unsubstituted PAHs are oxidized initially to arene oxides, trans-dihydrodiols, phenols, quinones, and tetralones. Phenols and trans-dihydrodiols may be further metabolized, and thus detoxified, by conjugation with sulfate, glucuronic acid, glucose, or xylose. Although dihydrodiol epoxides and other mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds have been detected as minor fungal metabolites of a few PAHs, most transformations performed by fungi reduce the mutagenicity and thus detoxify the PAHs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J B Sutherland
- Microbiology Division, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
|
13
|
|
14
|
Neilson AH. The biodegradation of halogenated organic compounds. THE JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY 1990; 69:445-70. [PMID: 2292512 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1990.tb01536.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A H Neilson
- Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Stockholm
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cerniglia CE, Campbell WL, Fu PP, Freeman JP, Evans FE. Stereoselective fungal metabolism of methylated anthracenes. Appl Environ Microbiol 1990; 56:661-8. [PMID: 2317041 PMCID: PMC183402 DOI: 10.1128/aem.56.3.661-668.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolism of 9-methylanthracene (9-MA), 9-hydroxymethylanthracene (9-OHMA), and 9,10-dimethylanthracene (9,10-DMA) by the fungus Cunninghamella elegans ATCC 36112 is described. The metabolites were isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography and characterized by UV-visible, mass, and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectral techniques. The compounds 9-MA and 9,10-DMA were metabolized by two pathways, one involving initial hydroxylation of the methyl group(s) and the other involving epoxidation of the 1,2- and 3,4- aromatic double bond positions, followed by enzymatic hydration to form hydroxymethyl trans-dihydrodiols. For 9-MA metabolism, the major metabolites identified were trans-1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxy and trans-3,4-dihydro-3,4-dihydroxy derivatives of 9-MA and 9-OHMA. 9-OHMA was also metabolized to trans-1,2- and 3,4-dihydrodiol derivatives. The absolute configuration and optical purity were determined for each of the trans-dihydrodiols formed by fungal metabolism and compared with previously published circular dichroism spectral data obtained from rat liver microsomal metabolism of 9-MA, 9-OHMA, and 9,10-DMA. Circular dichroism spectral analysis revealed that the major enantiomer for each dihydrodiol was predominantly in the S,S configuration, in contrast to the predominantly R,R configuration of the trans-dihydrodiol formed by mammalian enzyme systems. These results indicate that C. elegans metabolizes methylated anthracenes in a highly stereoselective manner that is different from that reported for rat liver microsomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C E Cerniglia
- National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cerniglia CE, Campbell WL, Freeman JP, Evans FE. Identification of a novel metabolite in phenanthrene metabolism by the fungus Cunninghamella elegans. Appl Environ Microbiol 1989; 55:2275-9. [PMID: 2802607 PMCID: PMC203068 DOI: 10.1128/aem.55.9.2275-2279.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolism of phenanthrene by the fungus Cunninghamella elegans was investigated. Kinetic experiments using [9-14C]phenanthrene showed that after 72 h, 53% of the total radioactivity was associated with a glucoside conjugate of 1-hydroxyphenanthrene (phenanthrene 1-O-beta-glucose). This metabolite was isolated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and characterized by the application of UV absorption, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectral techniques. The results show that aromatic ring oxidation followed by glucosylation is a predominant pathway in the metabolism of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon phenanthrene by C. elegans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C E Cerniglia
- National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|