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Matsumoto A, Adachi H, Terashima I, Uesono Y. Escaping from the Cutoff Paradox by Accumulating Long-Chain Alcohols in the Cell Membrane. J Med Chem 2022; 65:10471-10480. [PMID: 35857416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism for the cutoff, an activity cliff at which long-chain alcohols lose their biological effects, has not been elucidated. Highly hydrophobic oleyl alcohol (C18:1) exists as a mixture of monomers and aggregated droplets in water. C18:1 did not inhibit the yeast growth but inhibited the growth of the slime mold without a cell wall. C18:1 exhibited toxicity to the yeast protoplast, which was enhanced by polyethylene glycol, a fusogen. Therefore, direct interactions of C18:1 with the membrane are crucial for the toxicity. The cutoff alcohols, C14 and C16, also exhibited strong toxicity obeying the Meyer-Overton correlation, in intact yeast cells whose membrane growth was suppressed in water. Taken together, the cutoff is avoidable by securing sufficient accumulation of the wall-permeable monomers in the membrane, which supports the lipid theory. It would be important to distinguish the effective drug structure localizing in the membrane and deal with the amount in the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Matsumoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Adachi
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ichiro Terashima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yukifumi Uesono
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Brown DM, Glass JI. Technology used to build and transfer mammalian chromosomes. Exp Cell Res 2020; 388:111851. [PMID: 31952951 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.111851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In the near twenty-year existence of the human and mammalian artificial chromosome field, the technologies for artificial chromosome construction and installation into desired cell types or organisms have evolved with the rest of modern molecular and synthetic biology. Medical, industrial, pharmaceutical, agricultural, and basic research scientists seek the as yet unrealized promise of human and mammalian artificial chromosomes. Existing technologies for both top-down and bottom-up approaches to construct these artificial chromosomes for use in higher eukaryotes are very different but aspire to achieve similar results. New capacity for production of chromosome sized synthetic DNA will likely shift the field towards more bottom-up approaches, but not completely. Similarly, new approaches to install human and mammalian artificial chromosomes in target cells will compete with the microcell mediated cell transfer methods that currently dominate the field.
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Pendri A, Gilbert CW, Soundararajan S, Bolikal D, Shorr RGL, Greenwald RB. PEG Modified Anticancer Drugs: Synthesis and Biological Activity. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/088391159601100204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Three well known anticancer drugs, doxorubicin, methotrexate and paclitaxel (taxol), have been modified by the permanent attachment of poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG) and evaluated for in vitro cytotoxic activity against murine leukemias P388 and L1210. The relative potencies of the PEG derivatives suggest that modification of antitumor agents with this type of polymer yields compounds that are highly water soluble but less cytotoxic.
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Transferring whole genomes from bacteria to yeast spheroplasts using entire bacterial cells to reduce DNA shearing. Nat Protoc 2014; 9:743-50. [PMID: 24603933 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2014.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Direct cell-to-cell transfer of genomes from bacteria to yeast facilitates genome engineering for bacteria that are not amenable to genetic manipulation by allowing instead for the utilization of the powerful yeast genetic tools. Here we describe a protocol for transferring whole genomes from bacterial cells to yeast spheroplasts without any DNA purification process. The method is dependent on the treatment of the bacterial and yeast cellular mixture with PEG, which induces cell fusion, engulfment, aggregation or lysis. Over 80% of the bacterial genomes transferred in this way are complete, on the basis of structural and functional tests. Excluding the time required for preparing starting cultures and for incubating cells to form final colonies, the protocol can be completed in 3 h.
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Wichitnithad W, Nimmannit U, Callery PS, Rojsitthisak P. Effects of Different Carboxylic Ester Spacers on Chemical Stability, Release Characteristics, and Anticancer Activity of Mono-PEGylated Curcumin Conjugates. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:5206-18. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Kim CY, Bordenave N, Ferruzzi MG, Safavy A, Kim KH. Modification of curcumin with polyethylene glycol enhances the delivery of curcumin in preadipocytes and its antiadipogenic property. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:1012-1019. [PMID: 21204534 DOI: 10.1021/jf103873k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Conjugation of curcumin (CCM) by polyethylene glycol (PEG) has been previously developed to improve water solubility of the natural form of CCM and its antiproliferative role in some human cancer cell lines. This study examined the cellular uptake kinetics of the natural form of CCM and CCM-PEG. Their cytotoxic effect in proliferating preadipocytes and antiadipogenic property in differentiating preadipocytes had also been investigated. CCM and CCM-PEG were found to be differently absorbed in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and adipocytes with a limited amount of CCM-PEG absorption in the cell. The improved water solubility of CCM-PEG was correlated with increased cellular retention of CCM in 3T3-L1 cells, particularly in preadipocytes. Consequently, CCM-PEG treatment sensitized proliferating preadipocytes to CCM-induced cell toxicity. Furthermore, incubation of differentiating 3T3-L1 cells with CCM-PEG resulted in improvement of the inhibitory role of CCM in adipocyte differentiation with no toxic effect. These results suggest that pegylation-improved water solubility and cellular retention of CCM may be uniquely useful for improving the delivery of CCM in preadipocytes and its antiadipogenic ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choon Young Kim
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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Safavy A, Raisch KP, Mantena S, Sanford LL, Sham SW, Krishna NR, Bonner JA. Design and development of water-soluble curcumin conjugates as potential anticancer agents. J Med Chem 2007; 50:6284-8. [PMID: 17973470 DOI: 10.1021/jm700988f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Conjugates of curcumin to two differently sized poly(ethylene glycol) molecules were synthesized in an attempt to overcome the low aqueous solubility of this natural product with cytotoxic activity against some human cancer cell lines. The soluble conjugates exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity as compared to that of the parent drug. Synthesis, analyses of the rate of drug release, and cytotoxicity studies are herein reported. The water-soluble conjugates may provide information useful for the development of injectable curcumin conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Safavy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1824 6th Avenue S., Birmingham, AL 35294-6832, USA.
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Farhat A, Maddox CW, Edwards ME, Costell MH, Hadley JA, Vasilatos-Younken R. Oral lavage with polyethylene glycol reduces microbial colonization in the gastrointestinal tract of broilers. Poult Sci 2002; 81:585-9. [PMID: 11989760 DOI: 10.1093/ps/81.4.585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral lavage of 7-wk-old broiler chickens with polyethylene glycol (PEG) was conducted to induce rapid evacuation of the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) before processing. Three groups of birds were fed ad libitum (FF), subjected to feed withdrawal 12 h before processing (FW), or received 115 mL of PEG by oral lavage 3 h before processing (PEG(L)). The crop, a section of small intestine, and the right cecum were aseptically collected for determination of contents and Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) counts. The PEG(L) effectively cleansed the upper GIT and intestine of treated birds within 3 h before processing. However, the ceca were not completely empty for all the birds subjected to PEG(L). The PEG(L) group had a significantly lower crop and cecal GNB concentrations than the FW group. Birds on FW and PEG(L) treatments had significantly lower GNB concentrations in the small intestine than FF birds. Polyethylene glycol resulted in complete evacuation of the upper GIT, as well as the intestine, within 3 h of use, and significantly reduced GNB concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Farhat
- Department of Poultry Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA
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Vágvölgyi C, Ferenczy L. Transfer of isolated nuclei into protoplasts of Aspergillus nidulans. EXPERIENTIA 1992; 48:271-2. [PMID: 1547859 DOI: 10.1007/bf01930473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nuclei were isolated from protoplasts of a haploid auxotrophic Aspergillus nidulans strain. Transformation of protoplasts prepared from a complementary haploid auxotrophic strain with these purified nuclei resulted in both heterokaryotic and diploid colonies. The nutritionally-complementing colonies appeared at a frequency of 5 x 10(-7) to 10(-8).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Attila József University, Szeged, Hungary
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