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Rip D, Gouws PA. PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism and Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes Isolates from Ready-to-Eat Foods, the Food Processing Environment, and Clinical Samples in South Africa. J Food Prot 2020; 83:518-533. [PMID: 32073615 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-19-301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Listeria monocytogenes is a ubiquitous, intracellular foodborne pathogen that is responsible for invasive listeriosis. The ability of L. monocytogenes to cause disease has some correlation with the serotypes of a specific lineage group, making the identification of lineage groups important for epidemiological analysis. The development of typing methods to link the strains of L. monocytogenes to an outbreak of listeriosis would help minimize the spread of the disease. The aim of this study was to design a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method to differentiate between the lineage groups of L. monocytogenes. PCR-amplified fragments of the hly gene for 12 serotypes of L. monocytogenes were sequenced, aligned, and analyzed with the BioEdit program, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within regions of this gene were identified. Because of the difficulty in acquiring a serotype 4ab reference strain, this serotype was not included in this study. We tested the specificity and accuracy of the PCR-RFLP method on these L. monocytogenes reference strains and validated the method with 172 L. monocytogenes strains recovered from humans, food, and the food processing environment in 2000 to 2002 and 2008 to 2010 from regions within South Africa. PCR-RFLP analysis applied in this study placed L. monocytogenes serotypes into one of three lineage groups based on the sequence differences and SNPs within each lineage group. The SNPs were conserved in a region where RFLP analysis could be applied for a distinction between L. monocytogenes lineage groups. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Rip
- Food Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Pieter A Gouws
- Food Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
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2
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Divya KH, Varadaraj MC. Prevalence of Very Low Numbers of Potential Pathogenic Isolates of Yersiniaenterocolitica and Yersinia intermedia in Traditional Fast Foods of India. Indian J Microbiol 2012; 51:461-8. [PMID: 23024408 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-011-0181-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, an incidence pattern of 1.7% for Yersiniaenterocolitica and 2.5% for Y. intermedia were observed in an analysis of 120 diversified food samples collected from the local market of Mysore, Southern India. Two native isolates characterized as Y. enterocolitica belonged to biotype 1B and revealed the presence of major virulence related traits such as regulator of virulence, mucoid Yersinia factor regulator, attachment invasion locus, heat stable enterotoxin, Yersinia type II secretory system and phospholipase A in PCR. Force type neighbor-joining phylograms generated for Y. enterocolitica based on PCR amplicons of rovA and ypl showed 100% homology with two to three strains of Y. enterocolitica and about 75% homology with several strains of Y. pestis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Divya
- Human Resource Development, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Mysore, 570 020 India
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BALAMURUGAN J, BHILEGAONKAR K, AGARWAL R. A STUDY ON SUITABILITY OF FOUR ENRICHMENT BROTHS FOR PCR-BASED DETECTION OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES FROM RAW MEAT. J Food Saf 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2005.00026.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Corantin H, Quessy S, Gaucher ML, Lessard L, Leblanc D, Houde A. Effectiveness of steam pasteurization in controlling microbiological hazards of cull cow carcasses in a commercial plant. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE 2005; 69:200-7. [PMID: 16187550 PMCID: PMC1176299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2004] [Accepted: 03/04/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the study, carried out in a beef processing plant, was to evaluate the effectiveness of a new prototype for steam pasteurization treatment in controlling microbiological hazards. Samples were taken by swabbing randomly selected sites before and after pasteurization and again after chilling to obtain total aerobic counts (TAC), total coliform counts (TCC), and generic Escherichia coli counts (ECC) on Petrifilm plates and to determine the prevalence of Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and E. coli O157:H7 using standard enrichment techniques. Escherichia coli and L. monocytogenes strains were tested for various factors associated with their virulence by using colony hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined for each isolate that was potentially pathogenic to humans by using the disk-diffusion method. Mean values for TAC, TCC, and ECC were 2.18, 0.16, and 0.06 log10 CFU/cm2, respectively, before pasteurization; 1.17, 0.03, and 0.01 log10 CFU/cm2 after pasteurization; and 0.89, 0.02, and 0.01 log10 CFU/cm2 after chilling. Prevalence of L. monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., and E. coli O157:H7 on carcasses was 0.8%, 0.0%, and 0.0%, respectively, before pasteurization; 2.6%, 0.0%, and 0.0% after pasteurization; and 3.1%, 0.1%, and 0.0% after chilling. The prevalence of E. coli containing > or = 1 virulence gene was 14.7%. More specifically, 11.88% of the isolates obtained before pasteurization, 22.2% obtained after pasteurization, and 31.2% obtained after chilling had virulence genes. All L. monocytogenes isolates tested positive for the presence of 3 major virulence factors (hlyA, inlB, and plcB). Antibiograms showed that certain isolates were susceptible to all antibiotics, some showed an intermediate sensitivity, and others were multiresistant. Overall, these results suggest that steam pasteurization is an effective means of improving safety quality of beef carcasses. However, pasteurization may indirectly contribute to the growth of some pathogenic microorganisms, such as L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold Corantin
- Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec
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Maukonen J, Mättö J, Wirtanen G, Raaska L, Mattila-Sandholm T, Saarela M. Methodologies for the characterization of microbes in industrial environments: a review. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2003; 30:327-56. [PMID: 12764674 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-003-0056-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2002] [Accepted: 04/02/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
There is growing interest in research and development to develop novel tools to study, detect, and characterize microbes and their communities in industrial environments. However, knowledge about their validity in practical industrial use is still scarce. This review describes the advantages and limitations of traditional and molecular methods used for biofilm and/or planktonic cell studies, especially those performed with Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, and/or Clostridium perfringens. In addition, the review addresses the importance of isolating the microorganisms from the industrial environment and the possibilities and future prospects for exploiting the described methods in the industrial environment.
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Medeiros D, Farber JM. A single-step polymerase chain reaction for combined gene detection and epidemiological typing of Listeria monocytogenes. Food Microbiol 2001. [DOI: 10.1006/fmic.2001.0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Lamoureux M, Fliss L, Blais BW, Messier S, Holley RA, Simard RE. Microtitre plate hybridization system for detection of thermophilic Campylobacter rRNA. J Appl Microbiol 1997; 82:259-66. [PMID: 12452603 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1997.tb03582.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A microtitre plate nucleic acid probe hybridization system was developed for the detection of ribosomal RNA from thermophilic Campylobacter (Camp. jejuni, Camp. coli, Camp. lari and Camp. upsaliensis). A specific DNA probe obtained by amplification of 23S rRNA sequences using the polymerase chain reaction technique was immobilized on a microtitre plate, and used for hybridization with target 23S rRNA from cell lysates. The RNA-DNA hybrids thus formed in the wells were detected by an immunoenzymatic assay using a monoclonal antiRNA-DNA hybrid antibody. The sensitivity of this system was 2.7 x 10(4) cells ml(-1). This simple, sensitive and inexpensive hybridization and immunoenzymatic assay system should facilitate the detection of Campylobacter in food and clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lamoureux
- Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
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Blais BW, Turner G, Sooknanan R, Malek LT. A nucleic acid sequence-based amplification system for detection of Listeria monocytogenes hlyA sequences. Appl Environ Microbiol 1997; 63:310-3. [PMID: 8979357 PMCID: PMC168321 DOI: 10.1128/aem.63.1.310-313.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A nucleic acid sequence-based amplification system primarily targeting mRNA from the Listeria monocytogenes hlyA gene was developed. This system enabled the detection of low numbers (< 10 CFU/g) of L. monocytogenes cells inoculated into a variety of dairy and egg products after 48 h of enrichment in modified listeria enrichment broth.
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Affiliation(s)
- B W Blais
- Laboratory Services Division, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Vanne L, Karwoski M, Karppinen S, Sjöberg AM. HACCP-based food quality control and rapid detection methods for microorganisms. Food Control 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0956-7135(96)00064-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Lamoureux M, Fliss I, Messier S, Blais BW, Holley RA, Simard RE. Microtitre plate riboprobe system for detection of ultrasonicated Campylobacter jejuni genomic DNA. THE JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY 1996; 81:626-34. [PMID: 8972089 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1996.tb03557.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Microtitre plate nucleic acid probe hybridization systems were developed for the detection of thermophilic Campylobacter and Campylobacter jejuni. Specific RNA probes obtained by in vitro transcription of DNA templates synthesized by polymerase chain reaction using two sets of specific primers incorporating bacteriophage T7 promoter sequences were immobilized on a microtitre plate. The hybridizations were carried out on samples of genomic DNA sheared by ultrasonication. Optimum conditions for the ultrasonic treatment were determined in order to obtain the highest degree of hybridization with immobilized RNA probe. Finally, detection of RNA-DNA hybrids in the wells was accomplished by an immunoenzymatic assay using a monoclonal anti-RNA-DNA hybrid antibody. This rapid, simple hybridization and immunoenzymatic assay system will facilitate the detection of Campylobacter in foods and clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lamoureux
- Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
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Lamoureux M, Fliss I, Messier S, Blais B, Holley R, Simard R. Microtitre plate riboprobe system for detection of ultrasonicated Campylobacter jejuni genomic DNA. J Appl Microbiol 1996. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1996.tb01964.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Lamoureux M, Fliss I, Messier S, Blais B, Holley R, Simard RE. Detection of Campylobacter PCR DNA by hybridization with a microtiter plate immobilized RNA probe. J Microbiol Methods 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0167-7012(96)00841-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Olsen JE, Aabo S, Hill W, Notermans S, Wernars K, Granum PE, Popovic T, Rasmussen HN, Olsvik O. Probes and polymerase chain reaction for detection of food-borne bacterial pathogens. Int J Food Microbiol 1995; 28:1-78. [PMID: 8751091 DOI: 10.1016/0168-1605(94)00159-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
DNA-hybridization and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are techniques commonly used to detect pathogenic bacteria. In this paper, the use of these techniques for detection of Salmonella, E. coli, V. cholerae, non-O1 Vibrio, Yersinia enterocolitica, Campylobacter, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, and C. botulinum is reviewed with emphasis on application in food microbiology. In food control, DNA-techniques have most often been used in a 'culture confirmation' fashion, i.e. bacteria are enriched and sometimes even purified by traditional culture procedures and thereafter identified by the use of DNA-based methods. The most desirable approach is, however, to detect organisms directly in the food, but major problems remain to be solved before this can be routinely performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Olsen
- KVL - Centre for Food Research, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Frederiksberg C., Denmark
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Applicability of the PCR technique in the food testing laboratory: Identification of Listeria monocytogenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00156346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Fliss I, Blais BW, Holley R, Simard RE. Multiplex riboprobes for the detection of virulent Yersinia enterocolitica and simple methods for their preparation. THE JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY 1995; 79:195-202. [PMID: 7592116 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1995.tb00935.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A simple multiplex riboprobe system for detection of virulent Yersinia enterocolitica was developed using a pool of RNA probes specific for various chromosomal and plasmid-borne virulence gene sequences (yadA, virC, ail and yst). Riboprobes were synthesized by a rapid, simple and efficient technique involving in vitro transcription of polymerase chain reaction-generated templates incorporating bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase promoter sequences in one of the priming oligonucleotides. After dot blotting target DNA samples on nitrocellulose and hybridization with the riboprobes, the RNA: DNA hybrids formed were detected by a simple immunoenzymic assay involving sequential reactions with an anti-RNA : DNA hybrid monoclonal antibody, anti-mouse Ig-peroxidase conjugate and chromogenic or chemiluminescent enzyme substrate solution. This multiplex riboprobe system targeting both chromosomal and plasma-borne sequences permitted detection of virulent Y. enterocolitica, regardless of plasmid loss during handling of cultures, and was unreactive with a virulent Y. enterocolitica, other Yersinia and other bacteria. This system resulted in a significant improvement in the limit of detection in comparison to that obtained with individual probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Fliss
- Département de Sciences et Technologie des Aliments, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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Blais BW, Phillippe LM. Comparative analysis of yadA and ail polymerase chain reaction methods for virulent Yersinia enterocolitica. Food Control 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0956-7135(95)00015-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Macroporous hydrophobic cloth (polymacron) as a solid phase for nucleic acid probe hybridizations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00638874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Pillai SD, Ricke SC. Strategies to accelerate the applicability of gene amplification protocols for pathogen detection in meat and meat products. Crit Rev Microbiol 1995; 21:239-61. [PMID: 8688154 DOI: 10.3109/10408419509113542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, microbiological testing of meat products has involved isolating microorganisms and performing specific biochemical, and in some cases serological, tests to confirm the presence or absence of suspected food-borne pathogens. Given the public attention meat products have received as sources of food-borne disease, there has been considerable interest in the application of rapid detection techniques that require hours rather than days for completion. Theoretically, rapid detection methods could reduce the time from the initial sampling to confirmation so that conclusive results would be available by the time to process the meat product. Both direct gene probe hybridization as well as gene amplification methods show promise as rapid detection techniques. At present, direct gene probe hybridization are being commercially utilized to confirm the presence of a suspected pathogen. A number of gene amplification protocols for detecting food-borne bacterial pathogens have been published. However, many of these studies have utilized spiked samples rather than naturally contaminated samples and many of them have involved extended template extraction/purification methodologies. There is still only a very limited amount of information on the efficacies of the various protocols in detecting bacterial pathogens, especially toxigenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., and Listeria spp., in naturally contaminated food samples. In order to develop gene amplification protocols that have relevance to the meat industry, there must be a concerted effort to utilize naturally contaminated samples in the development and evaluation of protocols, as well as to initiate multilaboratory round robin evaluations of select protocols. Availability of multilaboratory tested methodologies would provide a means to design pathogen detection strategies at the quality control level rather than an end product confirmatory response to an already documented outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Pillai
- Environmental Science Program, Texas A&M University Research Center, El Paso 79927, USA
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Blais BW. Transcriptional enhancement of the Listeria monocytogenes PCR and simple immunoenzymatic assay of the product using anti-RNA:DNA antibodies. Appl Environ Microbiol 1994; 60:348-52. [PMID: 7509587 PMCID: PMC201312 DOI: 10.1128/aem.60.1.348-352.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A method was developed to enhance the sensitivity of a Listeria monocytogenes PCR detection system by in vitro transcription of amplicons incorporating bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase promoter sequences in one of the priming oligonucleotides. The resulting transcript can be detected by hybridization with a DNA probe immobilized in the wells of a microtiter plate, followed by immunoenzymatic assay of the RNA-DNA hybrids with an anti-RNA-DNA hybrid antibody. This highly sensitive method was reactive in the assay of various L. monocytogenes isolates but not with other Listeria or non-Listeria species.
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Affiliation(s)
- B W Blais
- Laboratory Services Division, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
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