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Zhang W, Wei M, Sun X, Lu F, Guan L, Mao S, Qin HM. Fine-Tuning of Carbon Flux and Artificial Promoters in Bacillus subtilis Enables High-Level Biosynthesis of d-Allulose. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:13935-13944. [PMID: 36278912 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
d-Allulose is an attractive rare sugar that can be used as a low-calorie sweetener with significant health benefits. To meet the increasing market demands, it is necessary to develop an efficient and extensive microbial fermentation platform for the synthesis of d-allulose. Here, we applied a comprehensive systematic engineering strategy in Bacillus subtilis WB600 by introducing d-allulose 3-epimerase (DAEase), combined with the deactivation of fruA, levDEFG, and gmuE, to balance the metabolic network for the efficient production of d-allulose. This resulting strain initially produced 3.24 g/L of d-allulose with a yield of 0.93 g of d-allulose/g d-fructose. We further screened and obtained a suitable dual promoter combination and performed fine-tuning of its spacer region. After 64 h of fed-batch fermentation, the optimized engineered B. subtilis produced d-allulose at titers of 74.2 g/L with a yield of 0.93 g/g and a conversion rate of 27.6%. This d-allulose production strain is a promising platform for the industrial production of rare sugar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Meijing Wei
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Fuping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Guan
- Institute of Food Processing, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Shuhong Mao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Min Qin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
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Draft Genome Sequence of Thermoactinomyces vulgaris Strain AGRTWHS02, Isolated from Pasture Soil of a Sheep Dairy Farm in New Zealand. Microbiol Resour Announc 2022; 11:e0007622. [PMID: 35293824 PMCID: PMC9022557 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00076-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermoactinomyces species are heat-resistant spore-forming bacteria that are capable of producing proteases. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of a new Thermoactinomyces vulgaris strain, AGRTWHS02, with a strong proteolytic activity, which was isolated from a sheep dairy farm environment in New Zealand. The genome is 2.56 Mbp, with a GC content of 47.9%.
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Fan Q, Zhang L, Dong C, Zhong L, Fang X, Huan M, Ye X, Huang Y, Li Z, Cui Z. Novel Malto‐Oligosaccharide‐Producing Amylase AmyAc from
Archangium
sp. Strain AC19 and Its Catalytic Properties. STARCH-STARKE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202100114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology Ministry of Agriculture College of Life Science Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology Ministry of Agriculture College of Life Science Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P. R. China
| | - Chaonan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology Ministry of Agriculture College of Life Science Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P. R. China
| | - Linli Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology Ministry of Agriculture College of Life Science Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Fang
- Guangzhou Hanyun Pharmaceutical Technology Co. Ltd. Guangzhou 510000 P. R. China
| | - Minghui Huan
- Microbial Research Institute of Liaoning Province Chaoyang P. R. China
| | - Xianfeng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology Ministry of Agriculture College of Life Science Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P. R. China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology Ministry of Agriculture College of Life Science Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P. R. China
| | - Zhoukun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology Ministry of Agriculture College of Life Science Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P. R. China
| | - Zhongli Cui
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology Ministry of Agriculture College of Life Science Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P. R. China
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Complete Genome Sequence of Thermoactinomyces vulgaris Strain CDF, a Thermophilic Bacterium Capable of Degrading Chicken Feathers. Microbiol Resour Announc 2019; 8:8/28/e00530-19. [PMID: 31296681 PMCID: PMC6624764 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00530-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermoactinomyces vulgaris strain CDF was isolated from soil and shown to have the ability to degrade chicken feathers at high temperatures. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of this bacterium, which is 2,595,509 bp long with 2,642 predicted genes and an average G+C content of 48.14%. Thermoactinomyces vulgaris strain CDF was isolated from soil and shown to have the ability to degrade chicken feathers at high temperatures. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of this bacterium, which is 2,595,509 bp long with 2,642 predicted genes and an average G+C content of 48.14%.
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El-Sayed AKA, Abou-Dobara MI, El-Fallal AA, Omar NF. Gene sequence, modeling, and enzymatic characterization of α-amylase AmyLa from the thermophileLaceyellasp. DS3. STARCH-STARKE 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201600255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed K. A. El-Sayed
- Faculty of Science; Department of Botany and Microbiology; Damietta University; New Damietta Egypt
| | - Mohamed I. Abou-Dobara
- Faculty of Science; Department of Botany and Microbiology; Damietta University; New Damietta Egypt
| | - Amira A. El-Fallal
- Faculty of Science; Department of Botany and Microbiology; Damietta University; New Damietta Egypt
| | - Noha F. Omar
- Faculty of Science; Department of Botany and Microbiology; Damietta University; New Damietta Egypt
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El-Sayed AKA, Abou Dobara MI, El-Fallal AA, Omar NF. Purification, Sequencing, and Biochemical Characterization of a Novel Calcium-Independent α-Amylase AmyTVE from Thermoactinomyces vulgaris. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 170:483-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0201-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Mori T, Nishimoto T, Mukai K, Watanabe H, Okura T, Chaen H, Fukuda S. Enzymes Involved in the Biosynthesis and Degradation of Cyclic Maltosyl-maltose in Arthrobacter globiformis M6. J Appl Glycosci (1999) 2009. [DOI: 10.5458/jag.56.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Watanabe H, Nishimoto T, Chaen H, Fukuda S. A Novel Glucanotransferase that Produces a Cyclomaltopentaose Cyclized by an .ALPHA.-1,6-Linkage. J Appl Glycosci (1999) 2007. [DOI: 10.5458/jag.54.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Mukai K, Watanabe H, Kubota M, Chaen H, Fukuda S, Kurimoto M. Purification, characterization, and gene cloning of a novel maltosyltransferase from an Arthrobacter globiformis strain that produces an alternating alpha-1,4- and alpha-1,6-cyclic tetrasaccharide from starch. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 72:1065-71. [PMID: 16461650 PMCID: PMC1392906 DOI: 10.1128/aem.72.2.1065-1071.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A glycosyltransferase, involved in the synthesis of cyclic maltosylmaltose [CMM; cyclo-{-->6)-alpha-D-Glcp(1-->4)-alpha-D-Glcp(1-->6)-alpha-D-Glcp(1-->4)-alpha-D-Glcp(1-->}] from starch, was purified to homogeneity from the culture supernatant of Arthrobacter globiformis M6. The CMM-forming enzyme had a molecular mass of 71.7 kDa and a pI of 3.6. The enzyme was most active at pH 6.0 and 50 degrees C and was stable from pH 5.0 to 9.0 and up to 30 degrees C. The addition of 1 mM Ca2+ enhanced the thermal stability of the enzyme up to 45 degrees C. The enzyme acted on maltooligosaccharides that have degrees of polymerization of > or =3, amylose, and soluble starch to produce CMM but failed to act on cyclomaltodextrins, pullulan, and dextran. The mechanism for the synthesis of CMM from maltotetraose was determined as follows: (i) maltotetraose + maltotetraose --> 6(4)-O-alpha-maltosyl-maltotetraose + maltose and (ii) 6(4)-O-alpha-maltosyl-maltotetraose --> CMM + maltose. Thus, the CMM-forming enzyme was found to be a novel maltosyltransferase (6MT) catalyzing both intermolecular and intramolecular alpha-1,6-maltosyl transfer reactions. The gene for 6MT, designated cmmA, was isolated from a genomic library of A. globiformis M6. The cmmA gene consisted of 1,872 bp encoding a signal peptide of 40 amino acids and a mature protein of 583 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 64,637. The deduced amino acid sequence showed similarities to alpha-amylase and cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase. The four conserved regions common in the alpha-amylase family enzymes were also found in 6MT, indicating that 6MT should be assigned to this family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Mukai
- Amase Institute, Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories, Inc., 7-7 Amase minami-machi, Okayama 700-0834, Japan.
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Ballschmiter M, Armbrecht M, Ivanova K, Antranikian G, Liebl W. AmyA, an alpha-amylase with beta-cyclodextrin-forming activity, and AmyB from the thermoalkaliphilic organism Anaerobranca gottschalkii: two alpha-amylases adapted to their different cellular localizations. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71:3709-15. [PMID: 16000780 PMCID: PMC1169011 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.7.3709-3715.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2004] [Accepted: 01/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two alpha-amylase genes from the thermophilic alkaliphile Anaerobranca gottschalkii were cloned, and the corresponding enzymes, AmyA and AmyB, were investigated after purification of the recombinant proteins. Based on their amino acid sequences, AmyA is proposed to be a lipoprotein with extracellular localization and thus is exposed to the alkaline milieu, while AmyB apparently represents a cytoplasmic enzyme. The amino acid sequences of both enzymes bear high similarity to those of GHF13 proteins. The different cellular localizations of AmyA and AmyB are reflected in their physicochemical properties. The alkaline pH optimum (pH 8), as well as the broad pH range, of AmyA activity (more than 50% activity between pH 6 and pH 9.5) mirrors the conditions that are encountered by an extracellular enzyme exposed to the medium of A. gottschalkii, which grows between pH 6 and pH 10.5. AmyB, on the other hand, has a narrow pH range with a slightly acidic pH optimum at 6 to 6.5, which is presumably close to the pH in the cytoplasm. Also, the intracellular AmyB is less tolerant of high temperatures than the extracellular AmyA. While AmyA has a half-life of 48 h at 70 degrees C, AmyB has a half-life of only about 10 min at that temperature, perhaps due to the lack of stabilizing constituents of the cytoplasm. AmyA and AmyB were very similar with respect to their substrate specificity profiles, clearly preferring amylose over amylopectin, pullulan, and glycogen. Both enzymes also hydrolyzed alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrin. Very interestingly, AmyA, but not AmyB, displayed high transglycosylation activity on maltooligosaccharides and also had significant beta-cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) activity. CGTase activity has not been reported for typical alpha-amylases before. The mechanism of cyclodextrin formation by AmyA is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike Ballschmiter
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Genetik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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Stein T, Borchert S, Conrad B, Feesche J, Hofemeister B, Hofemeister J, Entian KD. Two different lantibiotic-like peptides originate from the ericin gene cluster of Bacillus subtilis A1/3. J Bacteriol 2002; 184:1703-11. [PMID: 11872722 PMCID: PMC134901 DOI: 10.1128/jb.184.6.1703-1711.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A lantibiotic gene cluster was identified in Bacillus subtilis A1/3 showing a high degree of homology to the subtilin gene cluster and occupying the same genetic locus as the spa genes in B. subtilis ATCC 6633. The gene cluster exhibits diversity with respect to duplication of two subtilin-like genes which are separated by a sequence similar to a portion of a lanC gene. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analyses of B. subtilis A1/3 culture extracts confirmed the presence of two lantibiotic-like peptides, ericin S (3,442 Da) and ericin A (2,986 Da). Disruption of the lanB-homologous gene eriB resulted in loss of production of both peptides, demonstrating that they are processed in an eriB-dependent manner. Although precursors of ericins S and A show only 75% of identity, the matured lantibiotic-like peptides reveal highly similar physical properties; separation was only achieved after multistep, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Based on Edman and peptidase degradation in combination with MALDI-TOF MS, for ericin S a subtilin-like, lanthionine-bridging pattern is supposed. For ericin A two C-terminal rings are different from the lanthionine pattern of subtilin. Due to only four amino acid exchanges, ericin S and subtilin revealed similar antibiotic activities as well as similar properties in response to heat and protease treatment. For ericin A only minor antibiotic activity was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Stein
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität, D-60439 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Chu HH, Hoang V, Kreutzmann P, Hofemeister B, Melzer M, Hofemeister J. Identification and properties of type I-signal peptidases of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2002; 269:458-69. [PMID: 11856304 DOI: 10.1046/j.0014-2956.2001.02669.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The use of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens for enzyme production and its exceptional high protein export capacity initiated this study where the presence and function of multiple type I signal peptidase isoforms was investigated. In addition to type I signal peptidases SipS(ba) [Meijer, W.J.J., de Jong, A., Bea, G., Wisman, A., Tjalsma, H., Venema, G., Bron, S. & van Dijl, J.M. (1995) Mol. Microbiol. 17, 621-631] and SipT(ba) [Hoang, V. & Hofemeister, J. (1995) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1269, 64-68] which were previously identified, here we present evidence for two other Sip-like genes in B. amyloliquefaciens. Same map positions as well as sequence motifs verified that these genes encode homologues of Bacillus subtilis SipV and SipW. SipU-encoding DNA was not found in B. amyloliquefaciens. SipW-encoding DNA was also found for other Bacillus strains representing different phylogenetic groups, but not for Bacillus stearothermophilus and Thermoactinomyces vulgaris. The absence of these genes, however, could have been overlooked due to sequence diversity. Sequence alignments of 23 known Sip-like proteins from Bacillus origin indicated further branching of the P-group signal peptidases into clusters represented by B. subtilis SipV, SipS-SipT-SipU and B. anthracis Sip3-Sip5 proteins, respectively. Each B. amyloliquefaciens sip(ba) gene was expressed in an Escherichia coli LepBts mutant and tested for genetic complementation of the temperature sensitive (TS) phenotype as well as pre-OmpA processing. Although SipS(ba) as well as SipT(ba) efficiently restored processing of pre-OmpA in E. coli, only SipS(ba) supported growth at TS conditions, indicating functional diversity. Changed properties of the sip(ba) gene disruption mutants, including cell autolysis, motility, sporulation, and nuclease activities, seemed to correlate with specificities and/or localization of B. amyloliquefaciens SipS, SipT and SipV isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Ha Chu
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
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Janecek S. alpha-Amylase family: molecular biology and evolution. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1997; 67:67-97. [PMID: 9401418 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6107(97)00015-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Conrad B, Savchenko RS, Breves R, Hofemeister J. A T7 promoter-specific, inducible protein expression system for Bacillus subtilis. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1996; 250:230-6. [PMID: 8628223 DOI: 10.1007/bf02174183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The adaptation and application of the Escherichia coli T7 RNA polymerase system for regulated and promoter-specific gene expression in Bacillus subtilis is reported. The expression cassette used in Bacillus subtilis was tightly regulated and T7 RnA polymerase (T7 RNAP)appeared 30 minutes after induction. The efficiency of T7 promoter-specific gene expression in B.subtilis was studied using one secretory and two cytosolic proteins of heterologous origin. The accumulation of E. coli beta-galactosidase, as well as a 1,4-beta-glucosidase from Thermoanaerobacter brockii in B. subtilis after T7 RNAP induction was strongly enhanced by rifampicin inhibition of host RNAP activity. The alpha-amylase of Thermactinomyces vulgaris, a secretory protein, was found to accumulate in the culture supernatant up to levels of about 70 mg/l 10-20 h after T7 RNAP induction, but was also deposited in cellular fractions. The addition of rifampicin inhibited chi-amylase secretion, but unexpectedly, after a short period, also prevented its further (intra)cellular accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Conrad
- Institut fur Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, Gatersleben, Germany
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