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Wang Z, Xu C, Yu C, Si Z, Huang D, Shen P, Fang M, Xu Z. Integration of a CRISPR Cas12a-assisted multicolor biosensor and a micropipette tip enables visible point-of-care testing of foodborne Vibrio vulnificus. Analyst 2023. [PMID: 37409577 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00714f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Foodborne pathogens cause numerous food safety problems, and as a virulent bacterium falling under this category, Vibrio vulnificus (V. vulnificus) poses a huge threat to public health. The conventional methods used for the detection of V. vulnificus, including culture-based and molecular detection methods, have a variety of drawbacks, including being time-consuming and labor-intensive, the requirement of large-scale equipment, and the lack of professional operators. This paper establishes a visible detection platform for V. vulnificus based on CRISPR/Cas12a, which is integrated with nucleic acid isothermal amplification and β-galactosidase-catalyzed visible color reaction. The specific vvhA gene and a conservative segment in the 16S rDNA gene of the Vibrio genus were selected as the detection targets. By using spectrum analysis, this CRISPR detection platform achieved sensitive detection of V. vulnificus (1 CFU per reaction) with high specificity. Through the color transformation system, as low as 1 CFU per reaction of V. vulnificus in both bacterial solution and artificially contaminated seafood could be visibly observed with the naked eye. Furthermore, the consistency between our assay and the qPCR assay in the detection of V. vulnificus spiked seafood was confirmed. In general, this visible detection platform is user-friendly, accurate, portable, and equipment-free, and is expected to provide a powerful supplement in point-of-care testing of V. vulnificus and also holds good promise for future application in foodborne pathogen detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, China.
| | - Chutian Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - Chengkai Yu
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Zhenjun Si
- Hangzhou FasTech Biotechnology Corporation Limited, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Di Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, China.
| | - Peijie Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, China.
| | - Mengjun Fang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, China.
| | - Zhinan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, China.
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Amaro C, Carmona-Salido H. Vibrio vulnificus, an Underestimated Zoonotic Pathogen. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1404:175-194. [PMID: 36792876 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-22997-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
V. vulnificus, continues being an underestimated yet lethal zoonotic pathogen. In this chapter, we provide a comprehensive review of numerous aspects of the biology, epidemiology, and virulence mechanisms of this poorly understood pathogen. We will emphasize the widespread role of horizontal gene transfer in V. vulnificus specifically virulence plasmids and draw parallels from aquaculture farms to human health. By placing current findings in the context of climate change, we will also contend that fish farms act as evolutionary drivers that accelerate species evolution and the emergence of new virulent groups. Overall, we suggest that on-farm control measures should be adopted both to protect animals from Vibriosis, and also as a public health measure to prevent the emergence of new zoonotic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Amaro
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, & Instituto Universitario de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Héctor Carmona-Salido
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, & Instituto Universitario de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Bisharat N, Amaro C, Fouz B, Llorens A, Cohen DI. Serological and molecular characteristics of Vibrio vulnificus biotype 3: evidence for high clonality. Microbiology (Reading) 2007; 153:847-856. [PMID: 17322205 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.2006/003723-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus biotype 3 has been implicated as the causative pathogen of an ongoing disease outbreak that erupted in Israel in 1996. Recent work based on multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) showed that V. vulnificus biotype 3 is genetically homogeneous. The aim of this study was to investigate the existence of subpopulations within this homogeneous biotype by characterizing the surface antigens and analysing the sequence diversity of selected outer-membrane protein (OMP)-encoding genes. Rabbit antisera were prepared against biotype 1, 2 and 3 strains. The results of the slide-agglutination test, dot-blot assay (using fresh and boiled cells), and immunoblotting of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and OMPs were evaluated. By slide-agglutination and dot-blot assays all biotype 3 strains agglutinated with the selected biotype 3 strain. This homogeneity was supported by immunoblot analysis of the LPS. Analysis of OMP patterns revealed that all three biotypes share a considerable number of common bands that are antigenically related. Cluster analysis of DNA sequence data from selected OMP-encoding genes showed that biotype 3 strains form a genetically distinct and homogeneous clone. The homogeneity of surface antigens and the lack of any sequence diversity among both housekeeping and OMP-encoding genes reaffirms the highly clonal nature of biotype 3 and suggests that it has only recently descended from the parent population of V. vulnificus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiel Bisharat
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Carmen Amaro
- Departamento de Microbiologia y Ecologia, Campus de Burjassot, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - Belén Fouz
- Departamento de Microbiologia y Ecologia, Campus de Burjassot, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - Amparo Llorens
- Departamento de Microbiologia y Ecologia, Campus de Burjassot, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - Daniel I Cohen
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
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Levin RE. Vibrio vulnificus, a Notably Lethal Human Pathogen Derived from Seafood: A Review of Its Pathogenicity, Subspecies Characterization, and Molecular Methods of Detection. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2005. [DOI: 10.1081/fbt-200049071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Marco-Noales E, Biosca EG, Rojo C, Amaro C. Influence of aquatic microbiota on the survival in water of the human and eel pathogen Vibrio vulnificus serovar E. Environ Microbiol 2004; 6:364-76. [PMID: 15008814 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2004.00562.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The eel and human pathogen Vibrio vulnificus serovar E (biotype 2) is seldom isolated from natural waters, although it can survive in sterilized artificial seawater microcosms for years. The main objective of the present study was to investigate whether aquatic microbiota can limit its survival and recovery from water samples. A set of preliminary experiments of survival in microcosms containing natural seawater and water from eel farms showed that the persistence of this pathogen was mainly controlled by grazing, and secondarily by bacterial competition. The bacterial competition was further analysed in artificial seawater microcosms co-inoculated with selected virulent serovar E (VSE) strains and potential competitors. Competitors included V. vulnificus biotype 1 isolates and strains of selected species that can grow on the selective media designed for V. vulnificus isolation from water samples. Evidences of bacterial competition that was detrimental for VSE recovery were recorded. Thus, some species produced a deleterious effect on VSE strains under starvation, and others were able to use the resources more efficiently under nutrient input. These results suggest that an overgrowth of more efficient competitor bacteria in conventional media used for isolation of V. vulnificus could mask the recovery of VSE strains and explain the scarcity of reports on the isolation of this human and eel pathogen from natural waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Marco-Noales
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain. Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Valencia 46071, Spain
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Jakšić S, Uhitil S, Petrak T, Bažulić D, Gumhalter Karolyi L. Occurrence of Vibrio spp. in sea fish, shrimps and bivalve molluscs harvested from Adriatic sea. Food Control 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0956-7135(02)00027-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Marco-Noales E, Biosca EG, Milán M, Amaro C. An indirect immunofluorescent antibody technique for detection and enumeration of Vibrio vulnificus serovar E (biotype 2): development and applications. J Appl Microbiol 2000; 89:599-606. [PMID: 11054163 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2000.01156.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The applications of an indirect fluorescent antibody technique (IFAT), developed to detect and enumerate the pathogenic bacterium Vibrio vulnificus serovar E from water and clinical samples, are described. This technique proved accurate for detecting V. vulnificus, even under starvation conditions and in the non-culturable state, and could differentiate this species from other bacteria which share the same habitats. The IFAT was successfully used to diagnose vibriosis from naturally- and artificially-infected eels. The overall data suggest that applying this technique properly in environmental and epidemiological/epizootiological studies could significantly increase our knowledge of this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Marco-Noales
- Department of Microbiología and Ecología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Amaro C, Hor LI, Marco-Noales E, Bosque T, Fouz B, Alcaide E. Isolation of Vibrio vulnificus serovar E from aquatic habitats in Taiwan. Appl Environ Microbiol 1999; 65:1352-5. [PMID: 10049908 PMCID: PMC91189 DOI: 10.1128/aem.65.3.1352-1355.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The existence of strains of Vibrio vulnificus serovar E that are avirulent for eels is reported in this work. These isolates were recovered from water and oysters and differed from eel virulent strains in (i) fermentation and utilization of mannitol, (ii) ribotyping after HindIII digestion, and (iii) susceptibility to eel serum. Lipopolysaccharide of these strains lacked the highest molecular weight immunoreactive bands, which are probably involved in serum resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Amaro
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain
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Marco-Noales E, Biosca EG, Amaro C. Effects of salinity and temperature on long-term survival of the eel pathogen Vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 (serovar E). Appl Environ Microbiol 1999; 65:1117-26. [PMID: 10049871 PMCID: PMC91152 DOI: 10.1128/aem.65.3.1117-1126.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 (serovar E) is a primary eel pathogen. In this study, we performed long-term survival experiments to investigate whether the aquatic ecosystem can be a reservoir for this bacterium. We have used microcosms containing water of different salinities (ranging from 0.3 to 3.8%) maintained at three temperatures (12, 25, and 30 degrees C). Temperature and salinity significantly affected long-term survival: (i) the optimal salinity for survival was 1.5%; (ii) lower salinities reduced survival, although they were nonlethal; and (ii) the optimal temperature for survival was dependent on the salinity (25 degrees C for microcosms at 0.3 and 0.5% and 12 degrees C for microcosms at 1.5 to 3.8%). In the absence of salts, culturability dropped to zero in a few days, without evidence of cellular lysis. Under optimal conditions of salinity and temperature, the bacterium was able to survive in the free-living form for at least 3 years. The presence of a capsule on the bacterial cell seemed to confer an advantage, since the long-term survival rate of opaque variants was significantly higher than that of translucent ones. Long-term-starved cells maintained their infectivity for eels (as determined by both intraperitoneal and immersion challenges) and mice. Examination under the microscope showed that (i) the capsule was maintained, (ii) the cell size decreased, (iii) the rod shape changed to coccuslike along the time of starvation, and (iv) membrane vesicles and extracellular material were occasionally produced. In conclusion, V. vulnificus biotype 2 follows a survival strategy similar to that of biotype 1 of this species in response to starvation conditions in water. Moreover, the aquatic ecosystem is one of its reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Marco-Noales
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Valencia, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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