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Kwon H, Liu X, Choi EG, Lee JY, Choi S, Kim J, Wang L, Park S, Kim B, Lee Y, Kim J, Kang NY, Chang Y. Development of a Universal Fluorescent Probe for Gram‐Positive Bacteria. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8426-8431. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haw‐Young Kwon
- Center for Self-assembly and ComplexityInstitute for Basic Science (IBS) Pohang Gyeongbuk 37673 Korea
| | - Xiao Liu
- Center for Self-assembly and ComplexityInstitute for Basic Science (IBS) Pohang Gyeongbuk 37673 Korea
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang Gyeongbuk 37673 Korea
| | - Eun Gyeong Choi
- Department of ChemistryLife Sciences InstituteNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Jung Yeol Lee
- New Drug Discovery CenterDaegu-Gyeongbuk Medivalley Innovation Foundation (DGMIF) 80 Chumbok-ro Dong-Gu Daegu 41061 Korea
| | - So‐Young Choi
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang Gyeongbuk 37673 Korea
| | - Jun‐Young Kim
- SL VAXiGEN A-B1 Korea Bio Park Seongnam-si 134488 Gyenggi-do Korea
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Chemical BiologyMax-Planck-Institute for Molecular Physiology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Sung‐Jin Park
- Singapore Bioimaging ConsortiumAgency for Science, Technology and Research 11 Biopolis Way, # 02-02 Helios 138667 Singapore Singapore)
| | - Beomsue Kim
- Singapore Bioimaging ConsortiumAgency for Science, Technology and Research 11 Biopolis Way, # 02-02 Helios 138667 Singapore Singapore)
| | - Yong‐An Lee
- Singapore Bioimaging ConsortiumAgency for Science, Technology and Research 11 Biopolis Way, # 02-02 Helios 138667 Singapore Singapore)
| | - Jong‐Jin Kim
- Center for Self-assembly and ComplexityInstitute for Basic Science (IBS) Pohang Gyeongbuk 37673 Korea
| | - Nam Young Kang
- New Drug Discovery CenterDaegu-Gyeongbuk Medivalley Innovation Foundation (DGMIF) 80 Chumbok-ro Dong-Gu Daegu 41061 Korea
| | - Young‐Tae Chang
- Center for Self-assembly and ComplexityInstitute for Basic Science (IBS) Pohang Gyeongbuk 37673 Korea
- Department of ChemistryLife Sciences InstituteNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
- Singapore Bioimaging ConsortiumAgency for Science, Technology and Research 11 Biopolis Way, # 02-02 Helios 138667 Singapore Singapore)
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang Gyeongbuk 37673 Korea
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Kwon H, Liu X, Choi EG, Lee JY, Choi S, Kim J, Wang L, Park S, Kim B, Lee Y, Kim J, Kang NY, Chang Y. Development of a Universal Fluorescent Probe for Gram‐Positive Bacteria. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201902537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haw‐Young Kwon
- Center for Self-assembly and ComplexityInstitute for Basic Science (IBS) Pohang Gyeongbuk 37673 Korea
| | - Xiao Liu
- Center for Self-assembly and ComplexityInstitute for Basic Science (IBS) Pohang Gyeongbuk 37673 Korea
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang Gyeongbuk 37673 Korea
| | - Eun Gyeong Choi
- Department of ChemistryLife Sciences InstituteNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Jung Yeol Lee
- New Drug Discovery CenterDaegu-Gyeongbuk Medivalley Innovation Foundation (DGMIF) 80 Chumbok-ro Dong-Gu Daegu 41061 Korea
| | - So‐Young Choi
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang Gyeongbuk 37673 Korea
| | - Jun‐Young Kim
- SL VAXiGEN A-B1 Korea Bio Park Seongnam-si 134488 Gyenggi-do Korea
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Chemical BiologyMax-Planck-Institute for Molecular Physiology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Sung‐Jin Park
- Singapore Bioimaging ConsortiumAgency for Science, Technology and Research 11 Biopolis Way, # 02-02 Helios 138667 Singapore Singapore)
| | - Beomsue Kim
- Singapore Bioimaging ConsortiumAgency for Science, Technology and Research 11 Biopolis Way, # 02-02 Helios 138667 Singapore Singapore)
| | - Yong‐An Lee
- Singapore Bioimaging ConsortiumAgency for Science, Technology and Research 11 Biopolis Way, # 02-02 Helios 138667 Singapore Singapore)
| | - Jong‐Jin Kim
- Center for Self-assembly and ComplexityInstitute for Basic Science (IBS) Pohang Gyeongbuk 37673 Korea
| | - Nam Young Kang
- New Drug Discovery CenterDaegu-Gyeongbuk Medivalley Innovation Foundation (DGMIF) 80 Chumbok-ro Dong-Gu Daegu 41061 Korea
| | - Young‐Tae Chang
- Center for Self-assembly and ComplexityInstitute for Basic Science (IBS) Pohang Gyeongbuk 37673 Korea
- Department of ChemistryLife Sciences InstituteNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
- Singapore Bioimaging ConsortiumAgency for Science, Technology and Research 11 Biopolis Way, # 02-02 Helios 138667 Singapore Singapore)
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang Gyeongbuk 37673 Korea
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Su CW, Tighe S, Sheha H, Cheng AMS, Tseng SCG. Safety and efficacy of 4-terpineol against microorganisms associated with blepharitis and common ocular diseases. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2018; 3:e000094. [PMID: 30123842 PMCID: PMC6093255 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2017-000094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Microbial infection has been reported to cause blepharitis, conjunctivitis and keratitis. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of a foam formulation of 2% 4-terpineol (T4O) against common ocular microorganisms. MATERIAL AND METHODS The antimicrobial effect of a 2% T4O formulation was evaluated by the United States Pharmacopeia 51 (USP <51>) antimicrobial effectiveness test for 14 and 28 days, as well as by a Time Kill Study (ASTM E2315) with a 60 s exposure time. Its potential of causing skin and ocular irritation was evaluated by the Repeated Insult Patch Test and the Hen's Egg Chorioallantoic Membrane Test, respectively. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION It was seen that 2% T4O formulation did not cause ocular irritation, skin irritation, sensitisation or allergic contact dermatitis in human subjects. Most importantly, it killed microorganisms listed in USP <51> at both 14 and 28 days and exerted a rapid killing effect within 60 s against 13 bacteria, 1 fungus and Acanthamoeba castellanii. CONCLUSION The above finding suggests that 2% T4O formulation is safe and effective in killing microorganisms related to common ocular and skin infective diseases. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE Although the clinical efficacy in treating ocular disease was not directly studied; this foam formulation containing 2% T4O, based on the in vitro results of this work, demonstrated that it can potentially be used as a preservative-free cleansing agent for ocular hygiene maintenance due to its ability to exert a broad-spectrum antimicrobial effect without causing ocular or skin irritation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Wei Su
- Tissue Tech, Inc. R&D Dept. and Ocular Surface Center, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Sean Tighe
- Tissue Tech, Inc. R&D Dept. and Ocular Surface Center, Miami, Florida, USA
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Hosam Sheha
- Tissue Tech, Inc. R&D Dept. and Ocular Surface Center, Miami, Florida, USA
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Anny M S Cheng
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Scheffer C G Tseng
- Tissue Tech, Inc. R&D Dept. and Ocular Surface Center, Miami, Florida, USA
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Bedrossian M, Barr C, Lindensmith CA, Nealson K, Nadeau JL. Quantifying Microorganisms at Low Concentrations Using Digital Holographic Microscopy (DHM). J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 29155763 DOI: 10.3791/56343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurately detecting and counting sparse bacterial samples has many applications in the food, beverage, and pharmaceutical processing industries, in medical diagnostics, and for life detection by robotic missions to other planets and moons of the solar system. Currently, sparse bacterial samples are counted by culture plating or epifluorescence microscopy. Culture plates require long incubation times (days to weeks), and epifluorescence microscopy requires extensive staining and concentration of the sample. Here, we demonstrate how to use off-axis digital holographic microscopy (DHM) to enumerate bacteria in very dilute cultures (100-104 cells/mL). First, the construction of the custom DHM is discussed, along with detailed instructions on building a low-cost instrument. The principles of holography are discussed, and a statistical model is used to estimate how long videos should be to detect cells, based on the optical performance characteristics of the instrument and the concentration of the bacterial solution (Table 2). Video detection of cells at 105, 104, 103, and 100 cells/mL is demonstrated in real time using un-reconstructed holograms. Reconstruction of amplitude and phase images is demonstrated using an open-source software package.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Bedrossian
- Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology
| | - Casey Barr
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California
| | | | - Kenneth Nealson
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California
| | - Jay L Nadeau
- Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology;
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Bedrossian M, Lindensmith C, Nadeau JL. Digital Holographic Microscopy, a Method for Detection of Microorganisms in Plume Samples from Enceladus and Other Icy Worlds. ASTROBIOLOGY 2017; 17:913-925. [PMID: 28708412 PMCID: PMC5610429 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2016.1616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Detection of extant microbial life on Earth and elsewhere in the Solar System requires the ability to identify and enumerate micrometer-scale, essentially featureless cells. On Earth, bacteria are usually enumerated by culture plating or epifluorescence microscopy. Culture plates require long incubation times and can only count culturable strains, and epifluorescence microscopy requires extensive staining and concentration of the sample and instrumentation that is not readily miniaturized for space. Digital holographic microscopy (DHM) represents an alternative technique with no moving parts and higher throughput than traditional microscopy, making it potentially useful in space for detection of extant microorganisms provided that sufficient numbers of cells can be collected. Because sample collection is expected to be the limiting factor for space missions, especially to outer planets, it is important to quantify the limits of detection of any proposed technique for extant life detection. Here we use both laboratory and field samples to measure the limits of detection of an off-axis digital holographic microscope (DHM). A statistical model is used to estimate any instrument's probability of detection at various bacterial concentrations based on the optical performance characteristics of the instrument, as well as estimate the confidence interval of detection. This statistical model agrees well with the limit of detection of 103 cells/mL that was found experimentally with laboratory samples. In environmental samples, active cells were immediately evident at concentrations of 104 cells/mL. Published estimates of cell densities for Enceladus plumes yield up to 104 cells/mL, which are well within the off-axis DHM's limits of detection to confidence intervals greater than or equal to 95%, assuming sufficient sample volumes can be collected. The quantitative phase imaging provided by DHM allowed minerals to be distinguished from cells. Off-axis DHM's ability for rapid low-level bacterial detection and counting shows its viability as a technique for detection of extant microbial life provided that the cells can be captured intact and delivered to the sample chamber in a sufficient volume of liquid for imaging. Key Words: In situ life detection-Extant microorganisms-Holographic microscopy-Ocean Worlds-Enceladus-Imaging. Astrobiology 17, 913-925.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Bedrossian
- Graduate Aerospace Laboratories (GALCIT) and Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
| | - Chris Lindensmith
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
| | - Jay L. Nadeau
- Graduate Aerospace Laboratories (GALCIT) and Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
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Saleh I, Zouhairi O, Alwan N, Hawi A, Barbour E, Harakeh S. Antimicrobial resistance and pathogenicity ofEscherichia coliisolated from common dairy products in the Lebanon. ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY 2013; 103:39-52. [DOI: 10.1179/136485909x384965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Durtschi JD, Erali M, Bromley LK, Herrmann MG, Petti CA, Smith RE, Voelkerding KV. Increased sensitivity of bacterial detection in cerebrospinal fluid by fluorescent staining on low-fluorescence membrane filters. J Med Microbiol 2005; 54:843-850. [PMID: 16091435 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.46092-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A membrane-filter-based, fluorescent Gram stain method for bacterial detection in cerebrospinal fluid samples was developed and evaluated as a rapid, sensitive alternative to standard Gram stain protocols. A recently developed, modified version of the aluminium oxide membrane Anopore with low-fluorescence optical properties showed superior performance in this application. Other aspects of the fluorescent Gram stain system that were evaluated include membrane filter selection, strategies to reduce fluorescence fading and the effect of patient blood cells on bacterial detection in the fluorescently stained cerebrospinal fluid samples. The combination of the membrane filter's bacteria-concentrating ability and absolute retention along with high-contrast, fluorescent Gram discriminating dyes enabled rapid bacterial detection and Gram discrimination, with a 1-1.5 order of magnitude increase in the bacterial concentration limit of detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D Durtschi
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology1 and Department of Pathology2, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Maria Erali
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology1 and Department of Pathology2, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - L Kathryn Bromley
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology1 and Department of Pathology2, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Mark G Herrmann
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology1 and Department of Pathology2, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Cathy A Petti
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology1 and Department of Pathology2, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Roger E Smith
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology1 and Department of Pathology2, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Karl V Voelkerding
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology1 and Department of Pathology2, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
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Pandolfi D, Pons MN. Gram-staining characterisation of activated sludge filamentous bacteria by automated colour analysis. Biotechnol Lett 2004; 26:1841-6. [PMID: 15672225 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-004-5280-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2004] [Accepted: 10/12/2004] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
An automated image analysis method has been developed for the monitoring of the Gram-staining characteristics of filamentous bacteria in activated sludge. The binary method of pixel classification agreed with manual estimation (level of correlation of 0.9 for Gram-positive bacteria). Its robustness has been assessed by repeatability tests. Population shifts in terms of Gram-staining characteristics have been monitored in laboratory-scale experiments with two feeding schedules using this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Pandolfi
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Génie Chimique, CNRS-ENSIC-INPL, 1, rue Grandville, BP 451, F-54001 Nancy cedex, France
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Brehm-Stecher BF, Johnson EA. Single-cell microbiology: tools, technologies, and applications. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2004; 68:538-59, table of contents. [PMID: 15353569 PMCID: PMC515252 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.68.3.538-559.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of microbiology has traditionally been concerned with and focused on studies at the population level. Information on how cells respond to their environment, interact with each other, or undergo complex processes such as cellular differentiation or gene expression has been obtained mostly by inference from population-level data. Individual microorganisms, even those in supposedly "clonal" populations, may differ widely from each other in terms of their genetic composition, physiology, biochemistry, or behavior. This genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity has important practical consequences for a number of human interests, including antibiotic or biocide resistance, the productivity and stability of industrial fermentations, the efficacy of food preservatives, and the potential of pathogens to cause disease. New appreciation of the importance of cellular heterogeneity, coupled with recent advances in technology, has driven the development of new tools and techniques for the study of individual microbial cells. Because observations made at the single-cell level are not subject to the "averaging" effects characteristic of bulk-phase, population-level methods, they offer the unique capacity to observe discrete microbiological phenomena unavailable using traditional approaches. As a result, scientists have been able to characterize microorganisms, their activities, and their interactions at unprecedented levels of detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron F Brehm-Stecher
- Department of Food Microbiology and Toxicology, University of Wisconsin-Madison Food Research Institute, 1925 Willow Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Saida H, Maekawa T, Satake T, Higashi Y, Seki H. Gram stain index of a natural bacterial community at a nutrient gradient in the freshwater environment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2000; 109:293-301. [PMID: 15092900 DOI: 10.1016/s0269-7491(99)00257-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/1999] [Accepted: 09/13/1999] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Species succession of a natural bacterial community was indicated by the Gram stain index (GSI) using an experimental nutrient gradient in an oligotrophic pond created with an in situ gradostat. Various trophic conditions, ranging from eutrophic to mesotrophic, were formed experimentally with continuous inflow of sterile peptone solution in the gradostat, while the water mass outside the gradostat was oligotrophic. The GSI spectra of the natural bacterial populations show different profiles in accordance with the trophic level of the ambient water and the time progression of adaptation to different levels of eutrophication. Therefore, GSI can be used as a potential indicator of organic pollution in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Saida
- Doctoral Program in Agricultural Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
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Halda-Alija L, Johnston TC. Diversity of culturable heterotrophic aerobic bacteria in pristine stream bed sediments. Can J Microbiol 1999. [DOI: 10.1139/w99-081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
More than 900 culturable, heterotrophic aerobic isolates were obtained from the sediments of a forested, pristine stream and analyzed using three classical microbiological tests: API 20E, amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA), and fatty acid analysis. Gram-negative bacteria comprised most of the heterotrophic aerobic isolates (66.7%), similar to other oligotrophic environments. The isolates were assigned to the genus level as Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Micrococcus, Bacillus, Chromobacterium, Acinetobacter, Alcaligenes, Aeromonas, Methylobacterium, Enterobacter, Corynebacterium, and Sporolactobacillus. Genotypic analysis by ARDRA facilitated the comparison among strains within Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Enterobacter groups. Temperature and predation may influence the survival of bacteria during seasons, as shown previously by others. Our results showed that the number of heterotrophic aerobic bacteria, especially Enterobacter, Alcaligenes, and Aeromonas, and Gram-positive bacteria, decreased in winter compared to summer conditions.Key words: stream, heterotrophic aerobic bacteria, ARDRA.
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