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An BC, Yoon YS, Park HJ, Park S, Kim TY, Ahn JY, Kwon D, Choi O, Heo JY, Ryu Y, Kim JH, Eom H, Chung MJ. Toxicological Evaluation of a Probiotic-Based Delivery System for P8 Protein as an Anti-Colorectal Cancer Drug. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021; 15:4761-4793. [PMID: 34866901 PMCID: PMC8637785 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s319930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to toxicological evaluate a probiotics-based delivery system for p8 protein as an anti-colorectal cancer drug. Introduction Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been widely ingested for many years and are regarded as very safe. Recently, a Pediococcus pentosaceus SL4 (PP) strain that secretes the probiotic-derived anti-cancer protein P8 (PP-P8) has been developed as an anti-colorectal cancer (CRC) biologic by Cell Biotech. We initially identified a Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LR)-derived anti-cancer protein, P8, that suppresses CRC growth. We also showed that P8 penetrates specifically into CRC cells (DLD-1 cells) through endocytosis. We then confirmed the efficacy of PP-P8, showing that oral administration of this agent significantly decreased tumor mass (~42%) relative to controls in a mouse CRC xenograft model. In terms of molecular mechanism, PP-P8 induces cell-cycle arrest in G2 phase through down-regulation of Cyclin B1 and Cdk1. In this study, we performed in vivo toxicology profiling to obtain evidence that PP-P8 is safe, with the goal of receiving approval for an investigational new drug application (IND). Methods Based on gene therapy guidelines of the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) of Korea, the potential undesirable effects of PP-P8 had to be investigated in intact small rodent or marmoset models prior to first-in-human (FIH) administration. The estimated doses of PP-P8 for FIH are 1.0×1010 – 1.0×1011 CFU/person (60 kg). Therefore, to perform toxicological investigations in non-clinical animal models, we orally administered PP-P8 at doses of 3.375 × 1011, 6.75 × 1011, and 13.5×1011 CFU/kg/day; thus the maximum dose was 800–8000-fold higher than the estimated dose for FIH. Results In our animal models, we observed no adverse effects of PP-P8 on clinicopathologic findings, relative organ weight, or tissue pathology. In addition, we observed no inflammation or ulceration during pathological necropsy. Conclusion These non-clinical toxicology studies could be used to furnish valuable data for the safety certification of PP-P8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Chull An
- R&D Center, Cell Biotech, Co., Ltd., Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Yeo-Sang Yoon
- R&D Center, Cell Biotech, Co., Ltd., Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Ho Jin Park
- R&D Center, Cell Biotech, Co., Ltd., Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Sangkyun Park
- R&D Center, Cell Biotech, Co., Ltd., Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Tai Yeub Kim
- R&D Center, Cell Biotech, Co., Ltd., Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jun Young Ahn
- R&D Center, Cell Biotech, Co., Ltd., Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Daebeom Kwon
- R&D Center, Cell Biotech, Co., Ltd., Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Oksik Choi
- R&D Center, Cell Biotech, Co., Ltd., Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jin Young Heo
- R&D Center, Cell Biotech, Co., Ltd., Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Yongku Ryu
- R&D Center, Cell Biotech, Co., Ltd., Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Joong-Hyun Kim
- Laboratory Animal Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Chungbuk, Cheongju, 28160, Korea
| | - Heejong Eom
- Laboratory Animal Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Chungbuk, Cheongju, 28160, Korea
| | - Myung Jun Chung
- R&D Center, Cell Biotech, Co., Ltd., Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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An BC, Ryu Y, Yoon YS, Choi O, Park HJ, Kim TY, Kim SI, Kim BK, Chung MJ. Colorectal Cancer Therapy Using a Pediococcus pentosaceus SL4 Drug Delivery System Secreting Lactic Acid Bacteria-Derived Protein p8. Mol Cells 2019; 42:755-762. [PMID: 31707776 PMCID: PMC6883978 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2019.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of research into colorectal cancer (CRC), there is an ongoing need for treatments that are more effective and safer than those currently available. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) show beneficial effects in the context of several diseases, including CRC, and are generally regarded as safe. Here, we isolated a Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LR)-derived therapeutic protein, p8, which suppressed CRC proliferation. We found that p8 translocated specifically to the cytosol of DLD-1 cells. Moreover, p8 down-regulated expression of Cyclin B1 and Cdk1, both of which are required for cell cycle progression. We confirmed that p8 exerted strong anti-proliferative activity in a mouse CRC xenograft model. Intraperitoneal injection of recombinant p8 (r-p8) led to a significant reduction (up to 59%) in tumor mass when compared with controls. In recent years, bacterial drug delivery systems (DDSs) have proven to be effective therapeutic agents for acute colitis. Therefore, we aimed to use such systems, particularly LAB, to generate the valuable therapeutic proteins to treat CRC. To this end, we developed a gene expression cassette capable of inducing secretion of large amounts of p8 protein from Pediococcus pentosaceus SL4 (PP). We then confirmed that this protein (PP-p8) exerted anti-proliferative activity in a mouse CRC xenograft model. Oral administration of PP-p8 DDS led to a marked reduction in tumor mass (up to 64%) compared with controls. The PP-p8 DDS using LAB described herein has advantages over other therapeutics; these advantages include improved safety (the protein is a probiotic), cost-free purification, and specific targeting of CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yongku Ryu
- R&D Center, Cell Biotech, Co., Ltd., Gimpo 10003,
Korea
| | - Yeo-Sang Yoon
- R&D Center, Cell Biotech, Co., Ltd., Gimpo 10003,
Korea
| | - Oksik Choi
- R&D Center, Cell Biotech, Co., Ltd., Gimpo 10003,
Korea
| | - Ho Jin Park
- R&D Center, Cell Biotech, Co., Ltd., Gimpo 10003,
Korea
| | - Tai Yeub Kim
- R&D Center, Cell Biotech, Co., Ltd., Gimpo 10003,
Korea
| | - Song-In Kim
- R&D Center, Cell Biotech, Co., Ltd., Gimpo 10003,
Korea
| | - Bong-Kyu Kim
- R&D Center, Cell Biotech, Co., Ltd., Gimpo 10003,
Korea
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Vukotic G, Mirkovic N, Jovcic B, Miljkovic M, Strahinic I, Fira D, Radulovic Z, Kojic M. Proteinase PrtP impairs lactococcin LcnB activity in Lactococcus lactis BGMN1-501: new insights into bacteriocin regulation. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:92. [PMID: 25713574 PMCID: PMC4322719 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteinases and bacteriocins are of great importance to the dairy industry, but their interactions have not been studied so far. Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis BGMN1-5 is a natural isolate from homemade semi-hard cheese which produces two bacteriocins (Lactococcin B and LsbB), as well as proteinase PrtP. A medium-dependent increase in the bacteriocin LcnB activity of L. lactis BGMN1-501, a derivate of L. lactis subsp. lactis BGMN1-5, was shown to be accompanied by a decrease in its promoter activity. A similar effect of media components on gene expression was reported for proteinase PrtP, whose gene is co-localized on the same plasmid as the lcnB gene. Thus, the PrtP-LcnB interplay was investigated. Single gene knockout mutants were constructed with disrupted prtP or lcnB genes. PrtP(-) mutants showed higher bacteriocin activity that had lost its growth medium dependence, which was in contrast to the original strain. When LcnB from this mutant was combined with proteinase from the LcnB(-) mutant in vitro, its activity was rendered to the original level, suggesting that proteinase reduces bacteriocin activity. We propose a new model of medium dependent expression of these genes with regard to the effects of their interaction in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Vukotic
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade Belgrade, Serbia ; Chair of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nemanja Mirkovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade Belgrade, Serbia ; Department for Food Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branko Jovcic
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade Belgrade, Serbia ; Chair of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Miljkovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Strahinic
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Djordje Fira
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade Belgrade, Serbia ; Chair of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorica Radulovic
- Department for Food Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Kojic
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade Belgrade, Serbia
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Børsting M, Qvist K, Brockmann E, Vindeløv J, Pedersen T, Vogensen F, Ardö Y. Classification of Lactococcus lactis cell envelope proteinase based on gene sequencing, peptides formed after hydrolysis of milk, and computer modeling. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:68-77. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Charbonnel P, Lamarque M, Piard JC, Gilbert C, Juillard V, Atlan D. Diversity of oligopeptide transport specificity in Lactococcus lactis species. A tool to unravel the role of OppA in uptake specificity. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:14832-40. [PMID: 12590143 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m212454200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The specific oligopeptide transport system Opp is essential for growth of Lactococcus lactis in milk. We examined the biodiversity of oligopeptide transport specificity in the L. lactis species. Six strains were tested for (i) consumption of peptides during growth in a chemically defined medium and (ii) their ability to transport these peptides. Each strain demonstrated some specific preferences for peptide utilization, which matched the specificity of peptide transport. Sequencing of the binding protein OppA in some strains revealed minor differences at the amino acid level. The differences in specificity were used as a tool to unravel the role of the binding protein in transport specificity. The genes encoding OppA in four strains were cloned and expressed in L. lactis MG1363 deleted for its oppA gene. The substrate specificity of these engineered strains was found to be similar to that of the L. lactis MG1363 parental strain, whichever oppA gene was expressed. In situ binding experiments demonstrated the ability of OppA to interact with non-transported peptides. Taken together, these results provide evidence for a new concept. Despite that fact that OppA is essential for peptide transport, it is not the (main) determinant of peptide transport specificity in L. lactis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Charbonnel
- Useful Bacterial Surface Proteins, Unité de Recherches Laitières et Génétique Appliquée, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas Cedex, France
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Broadbent JR, Barnes M, Brennand C, Strickland M, Houck K, Johnson ME, Steele JL. Contribution of Lactococcus lactis cell envelope proteinase specificity to peptide accumulation and bitterness in reduced-fat Cheddar cheese. Appl Environ Microbiol 2002; 68:1778-85. [PMID: 11916696 PMCID: PMC123837 DOI: 10.1128/aem.68.4.1778-1785.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bitterness is a flavor defect in Cheddar cheese that limits consumer acceptance, and specificity of the Lactococcus lactis extracellular proteinase (lactocepin) is widely believed to be a key factor in the development of bitter cheese. To better define the contribution of this enzyme to bitterness, we investigated peptide accumulation and bitterness in 50% reduced-fat Cheddar cheese manufactured with single isogenic strains of Lactococcus lactis as the only starter. Four isogens were developed for the study; one was lactocepin negative, and the others produced a lactocepin with group a, e, or h specificity. Analysis of cheese aqueous extracts by reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography confirmed that accumulation of alpha(S1)-casein (f 1-23)-derived peptides f 1-9, f 1-13, f 1-16, and f 1-17 in cheese was directly influenced by lactocepin specificity. Trained sensory panelists demonstrated that Cheddar cheese made with isogenic starters that produced group a, e, or h lactocepin was significantly more bitter than cheese made with a proteinase-negative isogen and that propensity for bitterness was highest in cells that produced group h lactocepin. These results confirm the role of starter proteinase in bitterness and suggest that the propensity of some industrial strains for production of the bitter flavor defect in cheese could be altered by proteinase gene exchange or gene replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery R Broadbent
- Western Dairy Center and Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-8700, USA.
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