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Bommasamudram J, Muthu A, Devappa S. Effect of sub-lethal heat stress on viability of Lacticaseibacillus casei N in spray-dried powders. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Gaucher F, Bonnassie S, Rabah H, Marchand P, Blanc P, Jeantet R, Jan G. Review: Adaptation of Beneficial Propionibacteria, Lactobacilli, and Bifidobacteria Improves Tolerance Toward Technological and Digestive Stresses. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:841. [PMID: 31068918 PMCID: PMC6491719 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This review deals with beneficial bacteria, with a focus on lactobacilli, propionibacteria, and bifidobacteria. As being recognized as beneficial bacteria, they are consumed as probiotics in various food products. Some may also be used as starters in food fermentation. In either case, these bacteria may be exposed to various environmental stresses during industrial production steps, including drying and storage, and during the digestion process. In accordance with their adaptation to harsh environmental conditions, they possess adaptation mechanisms, which can be induced by pretreatments. Adaptive mechanisms include accumulation of compatible solutes and of energy storage compounds, which can be largely modulated by the culture conditions. They also include the regulation of energy production pathways, as well as the modulation of the cell envelop, i.e., membrane, cell wall, surface layers, and exopolysaccharides. They finally lead to the overexpression of molecular chaperones and of stress-responsive proteases. Triggering these adaptive mechanisms can improve the resistance of beneficial bacteria toward technological and digestive stresses. This opens new perspectives for the improvement of industrial processes efficiency with regard to the survival of beneficial bacteria. However, this bibliographical survey evidenced that adaptive responses are strain-dependent, so that growth and adaptation should be optimized case-by-case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriane Gaucher
- STLO, Agrocampus Ouest, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, France
- Bioprox, Levallois-Perret, France
| | - Sylvie Bonnassie
- STLO, Agrocampus Ouest, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, France
- Science de la Vie et de la Terre, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Houem Rabah
- STLO, Agrocampus Ouest, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, France
- Pôle Agronomique Ouest, Bba, Rennes, France
| | | | | | - Romain Jeantet
- STLO, Agrocampus Ouest, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, France
| | - Gwénaël Jan
- STLO, Agrocampus Ouest, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, France
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Kulkarni S, Haq SF, Samant S, Sukumaran S. Adaptation of Lactobacillus acidophilus to Thermal Stress Yields a Thermotolerant Variant Which Also Exhibits Improved Survival at pH 2. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2019; 10:717-727. [PMID: 28853009 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9321-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Loss in probiotic viability upon exposure to stressful storage and transport conditions has plagued the probiotic market worldwide. Lactobacillus acidophilus is an important probiotic that is added to various functional foods. It is known to be fairly labile and susceptible to temperature variations that it encounters during processing and storage which increases production cost. It has been repeatedly demonstrated that pre-exposure to sub-lethal doses of stress, particularly, temperature and pH, leads to improved survival of various probiotics when they subsequently encounter the same stress of a much greater magnitude. Attempts to adapt L. acidophilus to temperatures as high as 65 °C to arrive at a thermotolerant variant have not been reported previously. To improve viability at elevated temperatures, we gradually adapted the L. acidophilus NCFM strain to survival at 65 °C for 40 min. Following adaptation, the variant showed a 2-log greater survival compared to wild-type at 65 °C. Interestingly, this thermotolerant variant also demonstrated a 2-log greater stability compared to wild-type at pH 2.0. The improved pH and temperature stress tolerance exhibited by this variant remained unaltered even when the strain was lyophilized. Moreover, the thermotolerant variant demonstrated improved stability compared to wild-type when stored for up to a week at 37 and 42 °C. Probiotic properties of the variant such as adherence to epithelial cells and antibacterial activity remained unaltered. This strain can potentially help address the issue of significant loss in viable cell counts of L. acidophilus which is typically encountered during probiotic manufacture and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Kulkarni
- Anthem Biosciences Pvt. Ltd., Bommasandra Industrial Area Phase-I, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560099, India
| | - Saiful F Haq
- Anthem Biosciences Pvt. Ltd., Bommasandra Industrial Area Phase-I, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560099, India
| | - Shalaka Samant
- Anthem Biosciences Pvt. Ltd., Bommasandra Industrial Area Phase-I, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560099, India.
| | - Sunilkumar Sukumaran
- Anthem Biosciences Pvt. Ltd., Bommasandra Industrial Area Phase-I, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560099, India
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Characterization of Lactobacillus plantarum strains isolated from black raspberry and their effect on BALB/c mice gut microbiota. Food Sci Biotechnol 2018; 27:1747-1754. [PMID: 30483439 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-018-0420-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate probiotic effects of two Lactobacillus plantarum strains (GBL16 and 17) isolated from black raspberry. Results revealed that the number of GBL16 was gradually decreased as bile salt concentration was increased from 0.3 to 1%. However, GBL17 did not show any difference when GBL17 was applied to 1% bile salt, and it indicates that GBL17 is more tolerant to bile salt than GBL16. GBL17 exhibited higher heat resistance and adhesion ability to Caco-2 cells than GBL16. Regarding gut microbiome, no significant change in the number of total bacteria in intestines of mice after treatment with GBLs was determined. However, the combination of GBL16 and GBL17 significantly increased the number of total bacteria in intestines of mice after they were orally administered. Therefore, the results suggest that both GBL16 and 17 strains could be one of major probiotics that can improve human gut health.
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Nwamaioha NO, Ibrahim SA. A selective medium for the enumeration and differentiation of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:4953-4961. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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6
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Chen MJ, Tang HY, Chiang ML. Effects of heat, cold, acid and bile salt adaptations on the stress tolerance and protein expression of kefir-isolated probiotic Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens M1. Food Microbiol 2017; 66:20-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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7
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Lee XM, Lee HA, Kweon M, Park ES, Park KY. Probiotic Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum Strains Isolated from Kimchi. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3746/jkfn.2016.45.12.1717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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8
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Alves M, Peres CM, Hernandez-Mendonza A, Bronze MR, Peres C, Malcata FX. Olive paste as vehicle for delivery of potential probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum 33. Food Res Int 2015; 75:61-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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10
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Characterization of the Cholesterol-Reducing Activity in a Cell-Free Supernatant ofLactobacillus acidophilusATCC 43121. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 72:1483-90. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.70802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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11
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Waśko A, Polak-berecka M, Gustaw W. Increased viability of probioticLactobacillus rhamnosusafter osmotic stress. ACTA ALIMENTARIA 2013. [DOI: 10.1556/aalim.42.2013.4.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Hussain MA, Hosseini Nezhad M, Sheng Y, Amoafo O. Proteomics and the stressful life of lactobacilli. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2013; 349:1-8. [DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Malik A. Hussain
- Department of Wine; Food and Molecular Biosciences; Lincoln University; Lincoln; New Zealand
| | | | - Yu Sheng
- Department of Wine; Food and Molecular Biosciences; Lincoln University; Lincoln; New Zealand
| | - Omega Amoafo
- Department of Wine; Food and Molecular Biosciences; Lincoln University; Lincoln; New Zealand
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13
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Krieger LK, Litzmann A, Mathys A, Ananta E, Knorr D. Cell length alternations as a stress indicator for Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC 533. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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14
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Stress response of some lactic acid bacteria isolated from Romanian artisan dairy products. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 30:375-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-013-1454-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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15
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Nazzaro F, Fratianni F, Nicolaus B, Poli A, Orlando P. The prebiotic source influences the growth, biochemical features and survival under simulated gastrointestinal conditions of the probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus. Anaerobe 2012; 18:280-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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16
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Zhang J, Li Y, Chen W, Du GC, Chen J. Glutathione improves the cold resistance of Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis by physiological regulation. Food Microbiol 2012; 31:285-92. [PMID: 22608235 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 04/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The microenvironmental manipulation of glutathione (GSH) on improving cold resistance of Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis DSM 20451(T) was investigated in this study. It was proved that GSH relieves the metabolic disorder of cells under cold stress, and prevents the decreased activities of related key enzymes such as pyruvate kinase (PK), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) upon cold challenges. Higher intracellular ATP level was also found in cells with GSH under cold stress. Moreover, cells with imported GSH had significantly higher intracellular than the control during cold treatment. In addition, proteomics analysis showed more exciting findings that the protective function of GSH under cold stress was related to metabolic regulation and the multi-control against induced cross-stresses. These results broaden the knowledge about the physiological function of GSH, and suggest a practicable approach to improve the cold resistance of L. sanfranciscensis, a starter culture for sourdough, by the addition of GSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, China
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17
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Lee K, Rho BS, Pi K, Kim HJ, Choi YJ. Proteomic analysis of protein expression in Lactobacillus plantarum in response to alkaline stress. J Biotechnol 2011; 153:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2011.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2010] [Revised: 02/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Li H, Ji X, Zhou Z, Wang Y, Zhang X. Thermus thermophilus proteins that are differentially expressed in response to growth temperature and their implication in thermoadaptation. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:855-64. [PMID: 20017569 DOI: 10.1021/pr900754y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
As a kind of important extremophiles to realize the adaptation of life at high temperatures, thermophiles have attracted extensive studies. However, the pathways of thermophile proteins related to thermoadaptation remain to be addressed. Our study showed that there existed two types of protein profiles for the thermophile Thermus thermophilus wl in response to temperature change. One of them came from cultures growing below 65 degrees C, which was close to the optimal growth temperature, and another from cultures at or above 65 degrees C. These protein profiles were confirmed by Northern blots. On the basis of the proteomic and computational analyses, it was found that the thermophile proteins related to thermoadaptation might be involved in metabolic pathways as well as the stabilities and modifications of DNA and proteins. Interestingly, for the basic metabolism glycolysis, the phosphoglucomutase was up-regulated at below-optimum temperature, while the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was up-regulated at above-optimum temperature, suggesting that different regulations might be used for basic metabolism at different temperatures. To characterize the proteins in response to high temperatures, superoxide dismutase (SOD), an important enzyme in organism to remove free radical produced in stress environment such as high temperature, was selected as a target protein for this investigation. SOD was inactivated to construct a SOD mutant. The results showed that the SOD protein was essential in thermoadaptation of T. thermophilus. Our study, therefore, presented the thermophile proteins required for thermoadaptation and their possible pathways in thermoadaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebin Li
- Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, The People's Republic of China
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19
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Metabolic impact and potential exploitation of the stress reactions in lactobacilli. Food Microbiol 2009; 26:700-11. [PMID: 19747603 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2009.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2009] [Revised: 07/09/2009] [Accepted: 07/13/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a functionally related group of organisms known primarily for their bioprocessing roles in food and beverages. The largest variety of metabolic properties is found in the group of lactobacilli the vast majority of which has been isolated in cereal environments, namely sourdoughs, in which their role ranges from sporadic contaminants to major fermentative flora. Growth or survival in each of these environmental niches depends on the ability of the organism to sense and respond to varying conditions such as temperature, pH, nutrients availability and cell population density. Fermentation process conditions, including temperature range, dough yield, oxygen, pH as well as the amount and composition of starter cultures, determine the cells' metabolic response. In fact, the exposure of microbial cells to stressful conditions during fermentation involves a broad transcriptional response with many induced or repressed genes. The complex network of such responses, involving several metabolic activities will reflect upon the metabolome of the fermentative flora, and thus on the composition and organoleptic properties of the final products. This review shall provide insight into stress response mechanisms and delineate the vast potential residing in the exploitation of the stress dependent metabolome of LAB focusing on bacteria of the sourdough environment as one of the richest sources of lactobacilli.
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Gagnaire V, Jardin J, Jan G, Lortal S. Invited review: Proteomics of milk and bacteria used in fermented dairy products: From qualitative to quantitative advances. J Dairy Sci 2009; 92:811-25. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2008-1476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Hussain M, Knight M, Britz M. Proteomic analysis of lactose-starvedLactobacillus caseiduring stationary growth phase. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 106:764-73. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03961.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Streit F, Delettre J, Corrieu G, Béal C. Acid adaptation ofLactobacillus delbrueckiisubsp.bulgaricusinduces physiological responses at membrane and cytosolic levels that improves cryotolerance. J Appl Microbiol 2008; 105:1071-80. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03848.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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23
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Developments in cheese microbiology in New Zealand—Use of starter and non-starter lactic acid bacteria and their enzymes in determining flavour. Int Dairy J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2008.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Santarelli M, Gatti M, Lazzi C, Bernini V, Zapparoli G, Neviani E. Whey Starter for Grana Padano Cheese: Effect of Technological Parameters on Viability and Composition of the Microbial Community. J Dairy Sci 2008; 91:883-91. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2007-0296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Yang F, Wang J, Li X, Ying T, Qiao S, Li D, Wu G. 2-DE and MS analysis of interactions betweenLactobacillus fermentum I5007 and intestinal epithelial cells. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:4330-9. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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26
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Bossi A, Rinalducci S, Zolla L, Antonioli P, Righetti PG, Zapparoli G. Effect of tannic acid on Lactobacillus hilgardii analysed by a proteomic approach. J Appl Microbiol 2007; 102:787-95. [PMID: 17309629 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.03118.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS A contribution towards the elucidation of the mechanisms of tannins on bacteria growth inhibition, with particular focus on the interaction between tannins and bacterial proteins. METHODS AND RESULTS The interaction between tannic acid (TA) and Lactobacillus hilgardii, a wine spoilage bacterium, was investigated by a combination of physiologic and proteomic approaches. Growing tests were performed on medium supplemented with TA at concentrations ranging from 100 to 1000 mg l(-1) demonstrating the inhibitory effect of TA on the growth rate. Total proteins extracted from cells unexposed and exposed to TA were then analysed by 2D-electrophoresis and significant quantitative variations with a marked decrease of protein intensity upon TA exposure were observed. Most of the proteins, identified by ESI tandem Mass Spectrometry, were metabolic enzymes of different pathways, located in cytoplasm and membrane. CONCLUSIONS The effects of TA on cells are deduced by the involvement of metabolic enzymes, and functional proteins on the tannin-protein interaction. These results might be related to the altered functions of the cell metabolism. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The possible role of tannins in the inhibition of the bacterial survival and growth in a natural environment such as wine. A similar approach could be applied for evaluating the effects of tannins on food borne and pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bossi
- Department of Agricultural and Industrial Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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27
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Savijoki K, Suokko A, Palva A, Varmanen P. New convenient defined media for [35S]methionine labelling and proteomic analyses of probiotic lactobacilli. Lett Appl Microbiol 2006; 42:202-9. [PMID: 16478505 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2005.01853.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To develop experimental conditions for efficient protein radiolabelling and two-dimensional (2D) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for investigation of stress proteomes of probiotic Lactobacillus spp. METHODS AND RESULTS Three chemically defined media (CDM) optimized from a commercial medium supported rapid growth of the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus E97800, Lactobacillus brevis ATCC 8287 and Lactobacillus reuteri E97849, and a broad range of other lactic acid bacteria. These CDM allowed efficient protein radiolabelling, requiring as little as 200 mul of logarithmic culture and pulse-chase labelling of 20 min to detect c. 300 distinct protein spots in a mini-scale 2D-gel. Proteins including DnaK, GroEL and ClpATPases were identified from the 2D-gels by immunoblotting. CONCLUSIONS Radiolabelling coupled with 2D gel electrophoresis provides a sensitive means to monitor changes in protein synthesis rates in probistic lactobacilli. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Efficient tools for proteomic analyses of probiotic Lactobacillus were developed and applied for stress-response studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Savijoki
- Division of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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28
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Ross RP, Desmond C, Fitzgerald GF, Stanton C. Overcoming the technological hurdles in the development of probiotic foods. J Appl Microbiol 2005; 98:1410-7. [PMID: 15916653 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02654.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R P Ross
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
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Sánchez B, Champomier-Vergès MC, Anglade P, Baraige F, de Los Reyes-Gavilán CG, Margolles A, Zagorec M. Proteomic analysis of global changes in protein expression during bile salt exposure of Bifidobacterium longum NCIMB 8809. J Bacteriol 2005; 187:5799-808. [PMID: 16077128 PMCID: PMC1196055 DOI: 10.1128/jb.187.16.5799-5808.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation to and tolerance of bile stress are among the main limiting factors to ensure survival of bifidobacteria in the intestinal environment of humans. The effect of bile salts on protein expression patterns of Bifidobacterium longum was examined. Protein pattern comparison of strains grown with or without bile extract allowed us to identify 34 different proteins whose expression was regulated. The majority of these proteins were induced after both a minor (0.6 g liter(-1)) and a major (1.2 g liter(-1)) exposure to bile. These include general stress response chaperones, proteins involved in transcription and translation and in the metabolism of amino acids and nucleotides, and several enzymes of glycolysis and pyruvate catabolism. Remarkably, xylulose 5-phosphate/fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase, the key enzyme of the so-called bifidobacterial shunt, was found to be upregulated, and the activity on fructose 6-phosphate was significantly higher for protein extracts of cells grown in the presence of bile. Changes in the levels of metabolic end products (acetate and lactate) were also detected. These results suggest that bile salts, to which bifidobacteria are naturally exposed, induce a complex physiological response rather than a single event in which proteins from many different functional categories take part. This study has extended our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying the capacity of intestinal bifidobacteria to tolerate bile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Sánchez
- Unité Flore Lactique et Environnement Carné, INRA, Domaine de Vilvert, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Stanton C, Ross RP, Fitzgerald GF, Van Sinderen D. Fermented functional foods based on probiotics and their biogenic metabolites. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2005; 16:198-203. [PMID: 15831387 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2005.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The claimed health benefits of fermented functional foods are expressed either directly through the interaction of ingested live microorganisms, bacteria or yeast with the host (probiotic effect) or indirectly as a result of ingestion of microbial metabolites produced during the fermentation process (biogenic effect). Although still far from fully understood, several probiotic mechanisms of action have been proposed, including competitive exclusion, competition for nutrients and/or stimulation of an immune response. The biogenic properties of fermented functional foods result from the microbial production of bioactive metabolites such as certain vitamins, bioactive peptides, organic acids or fatty acids during fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Stanton
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, BioScience Institute, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland
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31
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Vitali B, Wasinger V, Brigidi P, Guilhaus M. A proteomic view ofBifidobacterium infantis generated by multi-dimensional chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Proteomics 2005; 5:1859-67. [PMID: 15619299 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200401080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bifidobacteria are Gram-positive prokaryotes that naturally colonize the human gut where they exert several health-promoting effects. The present paper reports the use of a strong cation exchange-reversed-phase-tandem mass spectrometry strategy to catalogue the most abundantly expressed proteins of a probiotic Bifidobacterium infantis strain. A global view of the B. infantis proteome was obtained. The bimodal representation of the proteins identified by mass spectrometry provides the first theoretical two-dimensional map of protein distribution for this organism. Among the 136 proteins identified by multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT) analysis, 118 showed the highest similarity with the translated sequences of B. longum genome, two proteins were similar to other Bifidobacterium species and the remaining 16 were similar to different genera. Specific biological activities have been assigned to 115 identified proteins, whereas 21 have been referred to the group of hypothetical proteins. The MudPIT approach allowed us to identify high mass and basic isoelectric point proteins that are generally challenging to visualize using the traditional two-dimensional electrophoresis technique. Redundancy in peptide and protein identification using the double chromatography technique was also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Vitali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy.
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Silva J, Carvalho AS, Ferreira R, Vitorino R, Amado F, Domingues P, Teixeira P, Gibbs PA. Effect of the pH of growth on the survival of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus to stress conditions during spray-drying. J Appl Microbiol 2005; 98:775-82. [PMID: 15715882 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2004.02516.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to optimize survival of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus during spray-drying and subsequent storage through optimizing the pH of growth conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS Cell concentrates previously grown without or with pH controlled were spray-dried and stored at 20 degrees C and heat treated at 57 degrees C. Cells grown under noncontrolled pH were more resistant to both drying and heating than cells grown under controlled pH but no significant differences were observed during storage. The intracellular proteins profile of cells grown under both conditions was studied by two-dimensional SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Eight proteins were identified using automated mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data acquisition. Of the identified proteins, only cochaperonin GroES corresponded to a known heat shock protein (HSP). The other proteins identified are proteins involved in glycolysis. For cells grown under noncontrolled pH the expression of the Hsp70, GroES and GroEL, measured by Western blotting, was enhanced. CONCLUSIONS The higher resistance of cells grown under noncontrolled pH correlates with the enhanced production of heat shock proteins. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Growth of L. bulgaricus under controlled pH (commonly used by the starter cultures production industry) results in cells more sensitive to stresses frequently encountered by the cells during starter cultures preparation/storage/utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Silva
- Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, Porto, Portugal
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Ananta E, Knorr D. Evidence on the role of protein biosynthesis in the induction of heat tolerance of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG by pressure pre-treatment. Int J Food Microbiol 2004; 96:307-13. [PMID: 15454321 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2003] [Revised: 11/14/2003] [Accepted: 04/04/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
It was the aim of this work to evaluate, whether and to which extent heat resistance of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG is affected by mild pressure treatments prior to exposure to lethal temperatures, such as during spray-drying. It was observed that cells pressure pre-treated at 100 MPa at 37 degrees C for 10 min showed higher survival than untreated cells when exposed to heat challenge at 60 degrees C. To gain more insights on the cellular mode of action of pressure induced heat tolerance, flow cytometric analysis was applied in combination with functional dye LIVE/DEAD BacLight bacterial viability kit. Dot plot analysis showed that a lower degree of membrane damage was observed at pressure pre-treated cells upon heat treatment at 60 degrees C for 3 min. Evaluation of heat inactivation kinetics of cells pressure treated in the presence of chloramphenicol, a protein synthesis inhibitor, pointed out the potential contribution of pressure-induced protein biosynthesis in the enhancement of bacterial heat tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ananta
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Food Process Engineering, Berlin University of Technology, Königin-Luise-Str. 22, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
Environmental stress responses in Lactobacillus, which have been investigated mainly by proteomics approaches, are reviewed. The physiological and molecular mechanisms of responses to heat, cold, acid, osmotic, oxygen, high pressure and starvation stresses are described. Specific examples of the repercussions of these effects in food processing are given. Molecular mechanisms of stress responses in lactobacilli and other bacteria are compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria De Angelis
- Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, CNR, Bari, Italy
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De Angelis M, Di Cagno R, Huet C, Crecchio C, Fox PF, Gobbetti M. Heat shock response in Lactobacillus plantarum. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004; 70:1336-46. [PMID: 15006751 PMCID: PMC368309 DOI: 10.1128/aem.70.3.1336-1346.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2003] [Accepted: 12/05/2003] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress resistance and response were studied in strains of Lactobacillus plantarum. Stationary-phase cells of L. plantarum DPC2739 had decimal reduction times (D values) (D value was the time that it took to reduce the number of cells by 1 log cycle) in sterile milk of 32.9, 14.7, and 7.14 s at 60, 72, and 75 degrees C, respectively. When mid-exponential-phase cells were used, the D values decreased. The temperature increases which caused a 10-fold reduction in the D value ranged from 9 to 20 degrees C, depending on the strain. Part of the cell population treated at 72 degrees C for 90 s recovered viability during incubation at 7 degrees C in sterile milk for 20 days. When mid-exponential- or stationary-phase cells of L. plantarum DPC2739 were adapted to 42 degrees C for 1 h, the heat resistance at 72 degrees C for 90 s increased ca. 3 and 2 log cycles, respectively. Heat-adapted cells also showed increased growth at pH 5 and in the presence of 6% NaCl. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of proteins expressed by control and heat-adapted cells revealed changes in the levels of expression of 31 and 18 proteins in mid-exponential- and stationary-phase cells, respectively. Twelve proteins were commonly induced. Nine proteins induced in the heat-adapted mid-exponential- and/or stationary-phase cells of L. plantarum DPC2739 were subjected to N-terminal sequencing. These proteins were identified as DnaK, GroEL, trigger factor, ribosomal proteins L1, L11, L31, and S6, DNA-binding protein II HlbA, and CspC. All of these proteins have been found to play a role in the mechanisms of stress adaptation in other bacteria. Antibodies against GroES detected a protein which was induced moderately, while antibodies against DnaJ and GrpE reacted with proteins whose level of expression did not vary after heat adaptation. This study showed that the heat resistance of L. plantarum is a complex process involving proteins with various roles in cell physiology, including chaperone activity, ribosome stability, stringent response mediation, temperature sensing, and control of ribosomal function. The physiological mechanisms of response to pasteurization in L. plantarum are fundamental for survival in cheese during manufacture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria De Angelis
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR, 70125 Bari, Italy
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Hemmi H, Shimoyama T, Nakayama T, Hoshi K, Nishino T. Molecular biological analysis of microflora in a garbage treatment process under thermoacidophilic conditions. J Biosci Bioeng 2004; 97:119-26. [PMID: 16233602 DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(04)70178-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2003] [Accepted: 11/12/2003] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In our efforts to solve problems associated with the treatment of garbage wastes, a novel, efficient process utilizing a small bioreactor equipped with a heating and an agitating apparatus was developed. The use of this process, which reduces and stabilizes garbage wastes, can be distinguished from other similar treatment processes that utilize similar equipment by its highly stable operation. This advantage led us to consider a characteristic microflora that would play an important role in the process. Thus, we analyzed the structure of the microflora in the process using molecular biological methods. The major microorganisms inhabiting the treatment environment were usually maintained for several weeks although garbage waste was added to the system each weekday. Moreover, surprisingly, lactic acid bacteria constituted a large majority in the microflorae in spite of the thermoacidophilic conditions in the reactor. These analyses permitted a better understanding of the mechanism of the process, especially of its stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Hemmi
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
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Prasad J, McJarrow P, Gopal P. Heat and osmotic stress responses of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 (DR20) in relation to viability after drying. Appl Environ Microbiol 2003; 69:917-25. [PMID: 12571012 PMCID: PMC143580 DOI: 10.1128/aem.69.2.917-925.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2002] [Accepted: 11/01/2002] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The viability of lactic acid bacteria in frozen, freeze-dried, and air-dried forms is of significant commercial interest to both the dairy and food industries. In this study we observed that when prestressed with either heat (50 degrees C) or salt (0.6 M NaCl), Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 (also known as DR20) showed significant (P < 0.05) improvement in viability compared with the nonstressed control culture after storage at 30 degrees C in the dried form. To investigate the mechanisms underlying this stress-related viability improvement in L. rhamnosus HN001, we analyzed protein synthesis in cultures subjected to different growth stages and stress conditions, using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and N-terminal sequencing. Several proteins were up- or down-regulated after either heat or osmotic shock treatments. Eleven proteins were positively identified, including the classical heat shock proteins GroEL and DnaK and the glycolytic enzymes glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, enolase, phosphoglycerate kinase, and triose phosphate isomerase, as well as tagatose 1,6-diphosphate aldolase of the tagatose pathway. The phosphocarrier protein HPr (histidine-containing proteins) was up-regulated in cultures after the log phase irrespective of the stress treatments used. The relative synthesis of an ABC transport-related protein was also up-regulated after shock treatments. Carbohydrate analysis of cytoplasmic contents showed higher levels (20 +/- 3 microg/mg of protein) in cell extracts (CFEs) derived from osmotically stressed cells than in the unstressed control (15 +/- 3 microg/mg of protein). Liquid chromatography of these crude carbohydrate extracts showed significantly different profiles. Electrospray mass spectrometry analysis of CFEs revealed, in addition to normal mono-, di-, tri-, and tetrasaccharides, the presence of saccharides modified with glycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Prasad
- Fonterra Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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