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Shangguan H, Fu T, Shen C, Mi H, Wei J, Tang J, Zhou S. In situ generated oxygen distribution causes maturity differentiation during electrolytic oxygen aerobic composting. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 850:157939. [PMID: 35952878 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electrolytic oxygen aerobic composting (EOAC) is an effective treatment with greater technical superiority and cost advantages for organic solid waste using in situ electrolytic oxygen as a feasible strategy to replace conventional aeration. However, the unclear effects of distribution and variation of in situ electrolytic oxygen on compost maturation in different depth zones of EOAC need further exploration. This study demonstrated that the humification of organic matter was faster at the bottom than in the middle and at the top. The main reason was that the higher oxygen content and lower moisture content in the bottom promoted microbial degradation and heat production, resulting in higher temperatures. The microbial analysis showed that the abundance of typical thermophilic bacteria (such as Cerasibacillus, Lactobacillus, and Pseudogracilibacillus) that could promote compost maturation was higher at the bottom than in the middle and at the top. The finding provided in-depth molecular insights into differentiated humification from bottom to top in EOAC and revealed its further practical engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayuan Shangguan
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Fu
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chang Shen
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Huan Mi
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Junrong Wei
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jiahuan Tang
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Shungui Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Miyamoto H, Seta M, Horiuchi S, Iwasawa Y, Naito T, Nishida A, Miyamoto H, Matsushita T, Itoh K, Kodama H. Potential probiotic thermophiles isolated from mice after compost ingestion. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 114:1147-57. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Miyamoto
- Japan Eco-science (Nikkan Kagaku) Co. Ltd; Chuuou-ku Chiba Japan
- Faculty of Horticulture; Chiba University; Matsudo, Chiba Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Integrative Medical Biology; Keio School of Medicine; Shinjuku-ku Tokyo Japan
- Miroku Co. Ltd; Kitsuki Oita Japan
| | - M. Seta
- Faculty of Horticulture; Chiba University; Matsudo, Chiba Japan
| | - S. Horiuchi
- Department of Molecular Virology; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Y. Iwasawa
- Faculty of Horticulture; Chiba University; Matsudo, Chiba Japan
| | - T. Naito
- Department of Biochemistry and Integrative Medical Biology; Keio School of Medicine; Shinjuku-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - A. Nishida
- Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science; Chiba University; Chiba Japan
| | | | - T. Matsushita
- Department of Food Science and Technology; National Fisheries University; Shimonoseki Yamaguchi Japan
| | - K. Itoh
- Veterinary Public Health; Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - H. Kodama
- Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science; Chiba University; Chiba Japan
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Watanabe K, Nagao N, Toda T, Kurosawa N. Bacterial community in the personal-use composting reactor revealed by isolation and cultivation-independent method. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2010; 45:372-378. [PMID: 20512727 DOI: 10.1080/03601231003799895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Composting is an efficient and cost-effective process for organic waste treatment. In order to expand our knowledge regarding microorganisms and their roles in the composting process, bacterial community structures in the personal-use composting reactor were examined by isolation and 16S rDNA clone analysis (cultivation-independent method). The results of 16S rDNA clone analysis showed that populations of the Bacillaceae family (such as Bacillus spp., Cerasibacillus spp., Gracilibacillus spp.), dominate (98%). By using cultivation method, a total of four species including one novel species (Ureibacillus thermosphaericus, Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius, G. toebii and Thermobacillus composti) were isolated, and were classified into the order Bacillales corresponding to the result of 16S rDNA clone analysis. However, most species detected by clone analysis have not been cultivated, and may be viable but non-culturable VBNC species implying symbiotic interactions among the microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Watanabe
- Department of Environmental Engineering for Symbiosis, Faculty of Engineering, Soka University, Japan.
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Haruta S, Kato S, Yamamoto K, Igarashi Y. Intertwined interspecies relationships: approaches to untangle the microbial network. Environ Microbiol 2009; 11:2963-9. [PMID: 19508345 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.01956.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In nature, microorganisms live by interacting with each other. Microbiological studies that only consider pure cultures are not sufficient to adequately describe the natural behaviour of microbes. Several microbial interactions have been recognized to affect the growth or metabolism of others; e.g. syntrophic cometabolism, competition, production of inhibitors or activators, and predation. It is believed that third-party organisms easily affect the two-species relationships and these relationships form the basis of interspecies networks within microbial communities. A microbial network contributes to 'functional redundancy' or 'structural diversity' and the microbial communities effectively act as a multicellular organism. It is necessary to understand not only the physiological activity of members within microbial communities but also their roles to regulate the activity or population of others. To access the microbial network, we require (i) comprehensive determination of all possible interspecies relationships among microbes, (ii) knock-out experiments by which certain members can be removed or suppressed, and (iii) supplemental addition of microbes or activation of certain members. Microbial network studies have started using defined microbial communities, i.e. a mixed culture that is composed of three or four species. In order to expand these studies to microflora in nature, microbial ecology requires the help of mathematical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Haruta
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan.
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The dominant bacteria shifted from the order “Lactobacillales” to Bacillales and Actinomycetales during a start-up period of large-scale, completely-mixed composting reactor using plastic bottle flakes as bulking agent. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-008-9952-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hanajima D, Haruta S, Hori T, Ishii M, Haga K, Igarashi Y. Bacterial community dynamics during reduction of odorous compounds in aerated pig manure slurry. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 106:118-29. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03984.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Oshima T, Moriya T. A preliminary analysis of microbial and biochemical properties of high-temperature compost. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008; 1125:338-44. [PMID: 18378603 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1419.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the microbial community of a high-temperature compost process exhibiting an internal temperature exceeding 90 degrees C. The waste pile was crosscut and samples were collected from the bottom to the top of the refuse pile. PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis suggested that the microbial community of the high-temperature compost is heterogeneous and differs from one locality to another. Heat-stable collagenases and amylases were extracted directly from the compost pile. Collagenases were located in the upper half of the pile, whereas amylases were detected mainly in the lower parts. Several extremely thermophilic strains were isolated at 80 degrees C; these strains were aerobes. Based on 16S rRNA sequence analysis, the isolates clustered together and represent one or two closely related species. We propose that these thermophilic isolates belong to a novel genus, Caldaterra, gen. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tairo Oshima
- Institute of Environmental Microbiology, Kyowa-kako Co., 2-15-5 Tadao, Machida, Tokyo 194-0035, Japan.
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Watanabe K, Nagao N, Toda T, Kurosawa N. Changes in bacterial communities accompanied by aggregation in a fed-batch composting reactor. Curr Microbiol 2008; 56:458-67. [PMID: 18231830 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-008-9107-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2007] [Accepted: 11/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The contents of fed-batch composting (FBC) reactors often aggregate after prolonged operation. This process leads to irreversible breakdown of the decomposition reaction and possible alteration of the bacterial communities. We compared the structures of bacterial communities in reactors under aggregate and optimal conditions. The results of 16S rRNA gene clone analysis showed that populations of the family Bacillaceae (such as Bacillus spp., Cerasibacillus spp., Gracilibacillus spp.), which dominate (98%) under optimal condition, were significantly decreased under aggregate condition. In contrast, populations of the family Staphylococcaceae considerably increased after aggregation and accounted for 53% of the total. Phylogenetic analysis also showed that anaerobes or facultative anaerobes related to Tetragenococcus halophilus, Atopostipes suicloacalis, Jeotgalicoccus pinnipedialis, and Staphylococcus spp. were dominant in the aggregates. These results suggested that aerobic Gram-positive bacteria mainly contributed to organic degradation and that aggregation created some anaerobic environment, which promoted the growth of bacterial communities usually not found in well-functioning FBC reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Watanabe
- Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, 1-236, Tangi-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan.
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9
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Di Giacomo M, Paolino M, Silvestro D, Vigliotta G, Imperi F, Visca P, Alifano P, Parente D. Microbial community structure and dynamics of dark fire-cured tobacco fermentation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:825-37. [PMID: 17142368 PMCID: PMC1800767 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02378-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2006] [Accepted: 11/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Italian Toscano cigar production includes a fermentation step that starts when dark fire-cured tobacco leaves are moistened and mixed with ca. 20% prefermented tobacco to form a 500-kg bulk. The dynamics of the process, lasting ca. 18 days, has never been investigated in detail, and limited information is available on microbiota involved. Here we show that Toscano fermentation is invariably associated with the following: (i) an increase in temperature, pH, and total microbial population; (ii) a decrease in reducing sugars, citric and malic acids, and nitrate content; and (iii) an increase in oxalic acid, nitrite, and tobacco-specific nitrosamine content. The microbial community structure and dynamics were investigated by culture-based and culture-independent approaches, including denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and single-strand conformational polymorphism. Results demonstrate that fermentation is assisted by a complex microbial community, changing in structure and composition during the process. During the early phase, the moderately acidic and mesophilic environment supports the rapid growth of a yeast population predominated by Debaryomyces hansenii. At this stage, Staphylococcaceae (Jeotgalicoccus and Staphylococcus) and Lactobacillales (Aerococcus, Lactobacillus, and Weissella) are the most commonly detected bacteria. When temperature and pH increase, endospore-forming low-G+C content gram-positive bacilli (Bacillus spp.) become evident. This leads to a further pH increase and promotes growth of moderately halotolerant and alkaliphilic Actinomycetales (Corynebacterium and Yania) during the late phase. To postulate a functional role for individual microbial species assisting the fermentation process, a preliminary physiological and biochemical characterization of representative isolates was performed.
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Dubey SK, Tripathi AK, Upadhyay SN. Exploration of soil bacterial communities for their potential as bioresource. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2006; 97:2217-24. [PMID: 16198103 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2005.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2005] [Revised: 05/23/2005] [Accepted: 06/02/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Soil is a repository of diverse microorganisms, which has frequently been used to isolate and exploit microbes for industrial, environmental and agricultural applications. Knowledge about the structure and dynamics of bacterial communities in soil has been limited as only a small fraction of bacterial diversity is accessible to culture methods. Traditional enrichment techniques and the pure culture approach for microbiological studies have offered only a narrow portal for examining the soil microbial flora due to their limited selectivity. Therefore, the morphological and nutritional criteria used to describe bacterial community failed to provide a natural taxonomic order according to evolutionary relationship. Molecular methods under an emerging discipline of biology "molecular microbial ecology" are now helping in getting these constraints removed to some extent. Nucleic acid extraction from soil is the first crucial step in the application of most of the molecular techniques, which have largely been dominated by diverse variations of PCR. Due to its rapidity, sensitivity and specificity, PCR-based finger printing techniques have proved extremely useful in assessing the changes in microbial community structure. Such techniques can yield complex community profiles and can also provide useful phylogenetic information. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) can be used to evaluate the distribution and function of bacterial population in situ. DNA microarray techniques have also been developed and being frequently used for the evaluation of ecological role and phylogenetic affiliations of bacterial populations in the soil.
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Narihiro
- Department of Ecological Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology
| | - Akira Hiraishi
- Department of Ecological Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology
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Haruta S, Nakayama T, Nakamura K, Hemmi H, Ishii M, Igarashi Y, Nishino T. Microbial diversity in biodegradation and reutilization processes of garbage. J Biosci Bioeng 2005; 99:1-11. [PMID: 16233746 DOI: 10.1263/jbb.99.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2004] [Accepted: 09/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
With particular focus on the microbial diversity in garbage treatment, the current status of garbage treatment in Japan and microbial ecological studies on various bioprocesses for garbage treatment are described in detail. The future direction of research in this field is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Haruta
- Department of Ecosystem Studies, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-8 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-0022, Japan
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13
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Narihiro T, Takebayashi S, Hiraishi A. Activity and Phylogenetic Composition of Proteolytic Bacteria in Mesophilic Fed-batch Garbage Composters. Microbes Environ 2004. [DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.19.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Narihiro
- Department of Ecological Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology
| | - Satoru Takebayashi
- Department of Ecological Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology
| | - Akira Hiraishi
- Department of Ecological Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology
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