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Neuzil-Bunesova V, Ramirez Garcia A, Modrackova N, Makovska M, Sabolova M, Spröer C, Bunk B, Blom J, Schwab C. Feed Insects as a Reservoir of Granadaene-Producing Lactococci. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:848490. [PMID: 35615513 PMCID: PMC9125021 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.848490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects are a component of the diet of different animal species and have been suggested as the major source of human dietary protein for the future. However, insects are also carriers of potentially pathogenic microbes that constitute a risk to food and feed safety. In this study, we reported the occurrence of a hemolytic orange pigmented producing phenotype of Lactococcus garvieae/petauri/formosensis in the fecal microbiota of golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia) and feed larvae (Zophobas atratus). Feed insects were identified as a regular source of L. garvieae/petauri/formosensis based on a reanalysis of available 16S rRNA gene libraries. Pan-genome analysis suggested the existence of four clusters within the L. garvieae/petauri/formosensis group. The presence of cyl cluster indicated that some strains of the L. garvieae/petauri/formosensis group produced a pigment similar to granadaene, an orange cytotoxic lipid produced by group B streptococci, including Streptococcus agalactiae. Pigment production by L. garvieae/petauri/formosensis strains was dependent on the presence of the fermentable sugars, with no pigment being observed at pH <4.7. The addition of buffering compounds or arginine, which can be metabolized to ammonium, restored pigment formation. In addition, pigment formation might be related to the source of peptone. These data suggest that edible insects are a possible source of granadaene-producing lactococci, which can be considered a pathogenic risk with zoonotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Neuzil-Bunesova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Vera Neuzil-Bunesova,
| | - Alejandro Ramirez Garcia
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nikol Modrackova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Marie Makovska
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Monika Sabolova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Cathrin Spröer
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Boyke Bunk
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jochen Blom
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Clarissa Schwab
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Rosa-Fraile M, Dramsi S, Spellerberg B. Group B streptococcal haemolysin and pigment, a tale of twins. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2014; 38:932-46. [PMID: 24617549 PMCID: PMC4315905 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6976.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Group B streptococcus [(GBS or Streptococcus agalactiae)] is a leading cause of neonatal meningitis and septicaemia. Most clinical isolates express simultaneously a β-haemolysin/cytolysin and a red polyenic pigment, two phenotypic traits important for GBS identification in medical microbiology. The genetic determinants encoding the GBS haemolysin and pigment have been elucidated and the molecular structure of the pigment has been determined. The cyl operon involved in haemolysin and pigment production is regulated by the major two-component system CovS/R, which coordinates the expression of multiple virulence factors of GBS. Genetic analyses indicated strongly that the haemolysin activity was due to a cytolytic toxin encoded by cylE. However, the biochemical nature of the GBS haemolysin has remained elusive for almost a century because of its instability during purification procedures. Recently, it has been suggested that the haemolytic and cytolytic activity of GBS is due to the ornithine rhamnopolyenic pigment and not to the CylE protein. Here we review and summarize our current knowledge of the genetics, regulation and biochemistry of these twin GBS phenotypic traits, including their functions as GBS virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaynoor Dramsi
- Unité de Biologie des Bactéries Pathogènes à Gram positif, Institut PasteurParis, France
- CNRS ERL 3526Paris, France
| | - Barbara Spellerberg
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital UlmUlm, Germany
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Rosa-Fraile M, Rodríguez-Granger J, Camacho-Muñoz E, Sampedro A. Use of unmodified starches and partial removal of serum to improve Granada medium stability. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:1989-91. [PMID: 15815040 PMCID: PMC1081375 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.43.4.1989-1991.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of 1% unmodified rice starch and 1% horse serum instead of 2% soluble starch and 5% serum in Granada medium is described. These components result in a medium of increased stability, preventing spoilage after a few days of storage at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Rosa-Fraile
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain.
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Rosa-Fraile M, Sampedro A, Rodríguez-Granger J, García-Peña ML, Ruiz-Bravo A, Haïdour A. Pigment production by Streptococcus agalactiae in quasi-defined media. Appl Environ Microbiol 2001; 67:473-4. [PMID: 11133484 PMCID: PMC92604 DOI: 10.1128/aem.67.1.473-474.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A quasi-defined medium that supports the growth of Streptococcus agalactiae as pigmented colonies has been developed. The medium contains starch, a peptic digest of albumin, amino acids, nucleosides, vitamins, and salts. The presence of free cysteine, which could be replaced with other sulphur-containing compounds and to a lesser degree by reducing agents, was required for pigment formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rosa-Fraile
- Microbiology Service, Virgen de las Nieves Hospital, 18014 Granada
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