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Butt J, Schmitz M, Berkus B, Schmidt K, Höfler D. Validation of Multiplex PCR and Serology Detecting Helicobacter Species in Mice. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020249. [PMID: 36838214 PMCID: PMC9963394 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
High-throughput multiplexed assays are needed to simplify detection of Helicobacter species in experimental infection and routine health monitoring of laboratory mice. Therefore, fluorescent bead-based hybridization assays for Helicobacter sp. DNA and serology were developed. Multiplex PCR amplicons (H. hepaticus, H. bilis, H. typhlonius, H. pylori, H. muridarum, H. pullorum, H. cinaedi, H. heilmanii, C. jejuni) and antibodies against H. pylori, H. hepaticus, H. bilis were assessed in naturally and experimentally infected mice, and results compared to conventional PCR. Species-specific and sensitive detection of seven Helicobacter spp. <100 copies/PCR, and of two species <1000 copies/PCR was successfully established in the Helicobacter multiplex DNA finder. The novel assay was highly comparable with conventional PCR (kappa = 0.98, 95%CI: 0.94-1.00). Antibody detection of H. hepaticus and H. bilis showed low sensitivity (71% and 62%, respectively) and cross-reactivity in H. typhlonius-infected mice. Infection experiments showed that antibodies develop earliest two weeks after DNA detection in feces. In conclusion, detection of Helicobacter antibodies showed low sensitivity depending on the timing relative to infection. However, Helicobacter multiplex DNA finder is a sensitive and specific high-throughput assay applicable in routine health monitoring for laboratory animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Butt
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mareike Schmitz
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Berkus
- Microbiological Diagnostics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja Schmidt
- Microbiological Diagnostics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Höfler
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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2
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Alvarez CS, Florio AA, Butt J, Rivera-Andrade A, Kroker-Lobos MF, Waterboer T, Camargo MC, Freedman ND, Graubard BI, Lazo M, Guallar E, Groopman JD, Ramírez-Zea M, McGlynn KA. Associations between Helicobacter pylori with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and other metabolic conditions in Guatemala. Helicobacter 2020; 25:e12756. [PMID: 33006810 PMCID: PMC7688101 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested an association between Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of the current study was to examine the association in Guatemala, a region with elevated prevalences of both H pylori and NAFLD. Associations between H pylori and other metabolic conditions were also examined, as were associations between H hepaticus and H bilis and the metabolic conditions. MATERIALS & METHODS The analysis included 424 participants from a cross-sectional study in Guatemala. H pylori seropositivity was defined as positivity for ≥ 4 antigens. Seropositivities for H bilis and H hepaticus were defined as positivity for ≥ 2 antigens. NAFLD was estimated using the Fatty Liver Index and the Hepatic Steatosis Index. Other conditions examined were obesity, central obesity, hypercholesterolemia, low HDL, diabetes and metabolic syndrome (MetSyn). Prevalence odds ratios (POR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. RESULTS No overall associations between H pylori,H hepaticus, or H bilis and NAFLD or related metabolic conditions were found. Seropositivity for H pylori antigens CagA and VacA and H hepaticus antigen HH0713 was each significantly associated with NAFLD, however. In addition, associations were observed between the H pylori antigens HyuA, HP1564, and UreA and specified metabolic conditions. CONCLUSIONS While no overall associations between H pylori or Helicobacter species with NAFLD or related conditions were observed, some selected Helicobacter spp. antigens were associated with NAFLD. Further research is warranted to examine whether H. species are associated with any metabolic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian S. Alvarez
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National
Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Andrea A. Florio
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National
Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Julia Butt
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, Infection,
Inflammation and Cancer Research Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alvaro Rivera-Andrade
- Research Center for the Prevention of Chronic
Diseases, Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP), Guatemala City,
Guatemala
| | - María F. Kroker-Lobos
- Research Center for the Prevention of Chronic
Diseases, Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP), Guatemala City,
Guatemala
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, Infection,
Inflammation and Cancer Research Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M. Constanza Camargo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National
Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Neal D. Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National
Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Barry I. Graubard
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National
Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Mariana Lazo
- Division of General Internal Medicine, School of Medicine,
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA,Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public
Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eliseo Guallar
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public
Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, U.S.A
| | - John D. Groopman
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public
Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, U.S.A.,Department of Environmental Health and Engineering,
Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD,
U.S.A
| | - Manuel Ramírez-Zea
- Research Center for the Prevention of Chronic
Diseases, Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP), Guatemala City,
Guatemala
| | - Katherine A. McGlynn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National
Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, U.S.A
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Shao DY, Bai X, Tong MW, Zhang YY, Liu XL, Zhou YH, Li C, Cai W, Gao X, Liu M, Yang Y. Changes to the gut microbiota in mice induced by infection with Toxoplasma gondii. Acta Trop 2020; 203:105301. [PMID: 31843385 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a common parasite worldwide, which can cause encephalitis, enteritis and miscarriage in abortion women. This study examined the cecal microbiome of mice infected with T. gondii through analysis of 16S rRNA genes determined by Illumina sequencing. BALB/c mice were orally infected with sporulated T. gondii oocysts. Mice were killed after 13-days- and 21-days- post infection, respectively, then their cecal contents were extracted and examined to determine the composition of gut microflora by illumina sequencing of the V3 +V4 region of the 16S rRNA genes. Our results showed the alterations in the gut microbes of BALB/c mice infected with T. gondii infection, where we observed a significant shift in the relative abundance of cecal bacteria. In mice at 13 days post-infection, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria increased, along with that of harmful bacteria, such as Bilopha and Desulfovibrio. However, the abundance of Lactobacillus decreased. At 21 days post-infection, the abundance of Lactobacillus was more than that observed for the uninfected control, with harmful bacteria, such as Bilopha and Desulfovibrio being reduced. The mice at 21-days post-infection had more beneficial intestinal bacteria than the control group. Our results suggested that the gut microbiota play an important role in disease progression from acute infection to chronic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yan Shao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis/College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis/College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ming Wei Tong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuan Yuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis/College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis/College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yong Hua Zhou
- Jiang Su Institute of Parasitic Disease, Wuxi, China
| | - Chengyao Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis/College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, The Forth People's Hospital of Wuxi City, Wuxi, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis/College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis/College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Yong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis/College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Wu Xi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
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Javed S, Gul F, Javed K, Bokhari H. Helicobacter pullorum: An Emerging Zoonotic Pathogen. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:604. [PMID: 28443081 PMCID: PMC5385324 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pullorum (H.pullorum) commonly colonizes the gastrointestinal tract of poultry causing gastroenteritis. The bacterium may be transmitted to humans through contaminated meat where it has been associated with colitis and hepatitis. Despite the high prevalence of H. pullorum observed in poultry, little is known about the mechanisms by which this bacterium establishes infection in host and its virulence determinants. In this article we aim to provide an overview of this emerging zoonotic pathogen; its general characteristics, hosts, prevalence, and transmission as well as its pathogenic potential. We also discuss possible control strategies and risk of disease emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundus Javed
- Department of BioSciences, COMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyIslamabad, Pakistan
| | - Farzana Gul
- Department of BioSciences, COMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyIslamabad, Pakistan
| | - Kashaf Javed
- Department of BioSciences, COMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyIslamabad, Pakistan
| | - Habib Bokhari
- Department of BioSciences, COMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyIslamabad, Pakistan
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Qin HP, Bi LH, Wei BL, Pan XY, Ye AL, Yi P. Development and clinical application of a nested-PCR assay for Helicobacter hepaticus detection. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:4507-4514. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i28.4507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To develop a nested-PCR assay for the detection of Helicobacter hepaticus (H. hepaticus) with a high sensitivity and specificity and to analyze its clinical application.
METHODS: The nested primers were designed based on the sequences of 16S rRNA gene of nine subtypes of H. hepaticus. After optimizing reaction condition, the sensitivity and specificity of the assay were examined using simulated feces and bile samples, related bacteria, mouse infection model and clinical inpatients samples.
RESULTS: The detection limit for H. hepaticus strain in simulated feces and bile samples was 102 CFU/mL. No specific PCR product was detected with DNA from Helicobacter pylori, Helicobacter bilis, Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. H. hepaticus was successfully detected in the liver, caecum and feces of experimentally infected mice. Moreover, H. hepaticus was successfully detected in the gallbladder bile, gallbladder mucosa and fecal samples from two of ten patients with cholelithiasis. PCR methods, medical intervention, sample type and management may all influence the detection.
CONCLUSION: Due to the high sensitivity and specificity of the PCR assay, it may be used to detect H. hepaticus infection. H. hepaticus may be associated with the pathogenesis of human cholelithiasis. PCR methods, medical intervention, sample type and management may all influence the detection of clinical samples.
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Devkota S, Wang Y, Musch MW, Leone V, Fehlner-Peach H, Nadimpalli A, Antonopoulos DA, Jabri B, Chang EB. Dietary-fat-induced taurocholic acid promotes pathobiont expansion and colitis in Il10-/- mice. Nature 2012; 487:104-8. [PMID: 22722865 PMCID: PMC3393783 DOI: 10.1038/nature11225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1307] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The composite human microbiome of Western populations has probably changed over the past century, brought on by new environmental triggers that often have a negative impact on human health. Here we show that consumption of a diet high in saturated (milk-derived) fat, but not polyunsaturated (safflower oil) fat, changes the conditions for microbial assemblage and promotes the expansion of a low-abundance, sulphite-reducing pathobiont, Bilophila wadsworthia. This was associated with a pro-inflammatory T helper type 1 (T(H)1) immune response and increased incidence of colitis in genetically susceptible Il10(−/−), but not wild-type mice. These effects are mediated by milk-derived-fat-promoted taurine conjugation of hepatic bile acids, which increases the availability of organic sulphur used by sulphite-reducing microorganisms like B. wadsworthia. When mice were fed a low-fat diet supplemented with taurocholic acid, but not with glycocholic acid, for example, a bloom of B. wadsworthia and development of colitis were observed in Il10(−/−) mice. Together these data show that dietary fats, by promoting changes in host bile acid composition, can markedly alter conditions for gut microbial assemblage, resulting in dysbiosis that can perturb immune homeostasis. The data provide a plausible mechanistic basis by which Western-type diets high in certain saturated fats might increase the prevalence of complex immune-mediated diseases like inflammatory bowel disease in genetically susceptible hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Devkota
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, The University of Chicago, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, 900 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Hamada T, Yokota K, Ayada K, Hirai K, Kamada T, Haruma K, Chayama K, Oguma K. Detection of Helicobacter hepaticus in human bile samples of patients with biliary disease. Helicobacter 2009; 14:545-51. [PMID: 19889072 PMCID: PMC2779990 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2009.00729.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the discovery of Helicobacter pylori, various enterohepatic Helicobacter spices have been detected in the guts of humans and animals. Some enterohepatic Helicobacters have been associated with inflammatory bowel disease or liver disease in mice. However the association of these bacteria with human diseases remains unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collected 126 bile samples from patients with cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, gallbladder polyp, and other nonbiliary diseases. Samples were screened for the presence of enterohepatic Helicobacter spp. using cultures, nested PCR, or in situ hybridization. We tested for antibodies to H. pylori and H. hepaticus by Western blot analysis. RESULTS Attempts at cultivation were unsuccessful. However, H. hepaticus was detected in bile samples with nested PCR whereas H. bilis was not. Helicobacter hepaticus in the bile was confirmed by in situ hybridization, but H. hepaticus from bile samples was coccoid in appearance. We detected immunoglobulin G antibodies to H. hepaticus in bile samples by Western blotting. Helicobacter hepaticus was detected in 40 (32%) of total 126 samples as H. hepaticus positive if at least one of the three methods with nested PCR, in situ, or Western blotting. Patients with cholelithiasis (41%) and cholecystitis with gastric cancer (36%) had significantly higher (p = .029) prevalence of H. hepaticus infection than samples from patients with other diseases. CONCLUSION Helicobacter hepaticus may closely associate with diseases of the liver and biliary tract in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihide Hamada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Miyoshi Central HospitalMiyoshi, Hiroshima
| | | | - Kiyoshi Ayada
- Department of Bacteriology Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama UniversityOkayama
| | - Kazuyuki Hirai
- Department of Bacteriology Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama UniversityOkayama
| | - Tomoari Kamada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Medical SchoolKurashiki
| | - Ken Haruma
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Medical SchoolKurashiki
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityHiroshima, Japan
| | - Keiji Oguma
- Department of Bacteriology Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama UniversityOkayama
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Abstract
Helicobacter species have been found in human bile and biliary tract (BT) tissue and are suspected to cause BT diseases, including gallbladder and extrahepatic cancers, collectively referred to in this work as BT cancers. We conducted a literature review of the epidemiological evidence linking the presence of Helicobacter species in bile or BT biopsies to BT cancers and benign diseases. Reports showed great variability with respect to study methods. Nine studies of BT cancers were identified, all with 30 or fewer BT cancers; eight included cancer-free control subjects and used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as a means of Helicobacter species detection. In four of these studies, Helicobacter species were detected in patients with BT cancer significantly more frequently than in controls, at least when controls without BT diseases were used. In two studies, no Helicobacter species were detected in either cases or controls. Helicobacter species were also often detected in benign BT diseases such as gallstone disease or chronic cholecystitis. As our current knowledge relies on a few small studies that showed substantial differences, larger studies and more standardised protocols for detecting DNA and antibodies against Helicobacter species are needed to investigate a potential association with BT cancer.
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Cross-reactivity between immune responses to Helicobacter bilis and Helicobacter pylori in a population in Thailand at high risk of developing cholangiocarcinoma. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2008; 15:1363-8. [PMID: 18596203 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00132-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter bilis DNA has been detected in human tissue and is a candidate for etiologic investigations on the causes of hepatic and biliary tract diseases, but reliable serologic tests need to be developed in order to pursue such investigations. The scope of this study was to assess the specificity of two assays for H. bilis immune response allowing for H. pylori, and their cross-reactivity in a population in Thailand at high risk for cholangiocarcinoma. Plasma samples from 92 Thai volunteers were independently tested in two laboratories (Massachusetts Institute of Technology [MIT] and Lund). MIT performed three analyses of H. pylori and H. bilis based either on (i) outer membrane protein (OMP) with no preabsorption or on antigens derived from whole-cell sonicate before (ii) or after (iii) preabsorption with H. pylori sonicate protein. Lund used cell surface proteins from H. pylori and H. bilis as antigens. Testing for H. bilis was preabsorbed with a whole-cell lysate of H. pylori. More than 80% of the samples were positive for H. pylori in both laboratories. As tested by MIT, 58.7% (95% confidence interval, 47.9 to 68.9%) were positive for H. bilis by OMP and 44.5% (34.1 to 55.3%) were positive for H. bilis sonicate protein, but only 15.2% (8.6 to 24.2%) remained positive after preabsorption with H. pylori sonicate protein. Lund found 34.5% of the samples positive for H. bilis (22.0 to 41.0%), which was statistically compatible with all three MIT results. Serologic responses to OMPs of the two bacteria coincided in 66 and 45% of the samples in the MIT and Lund assays, respectively. We found high cross-reactivity between the immune responses to H. pylori and H. bilis antigens. More-specific H. bilis antigens need to be isolated to develop serologic tests suitable for epidemiological studies.
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Ceelen LM, Decostere A, Van den Bulck K, On SLW, Baele M, Ducatelle R, Haesebrouck F. Helicobacter pullorum in chickens, Belgium. Emerg Infect Dis 2006; 12:263-7. [PMID: 16494752 PMCID: PMC3373087 DOI: 10.3201/eid1202.050847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 110 broilers from 11 flocks were tested for Helicobacter pullorum by polymerase chain reaction; positive samples were reexamined with a conventional isolation method. H. pullorum isolates were examined by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprinting for interstrain genetic diversity and relatedness. Sixteen isolates from cecal samples from 2 different flocks were obtained. AFLP analysis showed that these isolates and 4 additional isolates from a different flock clustered according to their origin, which indicates that H. pullorum colonization may occur with a single strain that disseminates throughout the flock. Strains isolated from different hosts or geographic sources displayed a distinctive pattern. H. pullorum is present in approximately one third of live chickens in Belgium and may represent a risk to human health.
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Maurer KJ, Rogers AB, Ge Z, Wiese AJ, Carey MC, Fox JG. Helicobacter pylori and cholesterol gallstone formation in C57L/J mice: a prospective study. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2006; 290:G175-82. [PMID: 16109843 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00272.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we demonstrated that cholesterol gallstone-prone C57L/J mice rarely develop gallstones unless they are infected with certain cholelithogenic enterohepatic Helicobacter species. Because the common gastric pathogen H. pylori has been identified in the hepatobiliary tree of cholesterol gallstone patients, we wanted to ascertain if H. pylori is cholelithogenic, by prospectively studying C57L infected mice fed a lithogenic diet. Weanling, Helicobacter spp.-free male C57L mice were either infected with H. pylori SS1 or sham dosed. Mice were then fed a lithogenic diet (1.0% cholesterol, 0.5% cholic acid, and 15% dairy triglycerides) for 8 wk. At 16 wk of age, mice were euthanatized, the biliary phenotype was analyzed microscopically, and tissues were analyzed histopathologically. H. pylori infection did not promote cholesterol monohydrate crystal formation (20% vs. 10%), sandy stone formation (0% for both), or true gallstone formation (20%) compared with uninfected mice fed the lithogenic diet (10%). Additionally, H. pylori failed to stimulate mucin gel accumulation in the gallbladder or alter gallbladder size compared with uninfected animals. H. pylori-infected C57L mice developed moderate to severe gastritis by 12 wk, and the lithogenic diet itself produced lesions in the forestomach, which were exacerbated by the infection. We conclude that H. pylori infection does not play any role in murine cholesterol gallstone formation. Nonetheless, the C57L mouse develops severe lesions of both the glandular and nonglandular stomach in response to H. pylori infection and the lithogenic diet, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirk J Maurer
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Feng S, Ku K, Hodzic E, Lorenzana E, Freet K, Barthold SW. Differential detection of five mouse-infecting helicobacter species by multiplex PCR. CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 12:531-6. [PMID: 15817762 PMCID: PMC1074391 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.12.4.531-536.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Several species of helicobacter have been isolated from laboratory mice, including H. bilis, H. hepaticus, H. muridarum, H. rodentium, and H. typhlonius, which appear to be the most common. The most widely used published method for molecular detection of these agents is PCR amplification of a conserved region of 16S rRNA, but differential speciation requires restriction enzyme digestion of the amplicons. This study was undertaken to determine PCR conditions that would simultaneously and specifically identify each of the five common species without restriction enzyme analyses. First, we designed novel and specific PCR primers for H. bilis, H. hepaticus, H. muridarum, H. rodentium, and H. typhlonius, using sequences from the heterologous regions of 16S rRNA. Because of comigration of amplified products, we next identified P17, an H. bilis-specific protein; P25, an H. hepaticus-specific protein; and P30, an H. muridarum-specific protein by screening genomic DNA expression libraries of each species. Primers were designed from these three genes, plus newly designed, species-specific 16S rRNA primers for H. rodentium and H. typhlonius that could be utilized for a five-plex PCR. The sizes of the amplicons from H. bilis, H. hepaticus, H. muridarum, H. rodentium, and H. typhlonius were 435, 705, 807, 191, and 122 bp, respectively, allowing simultaneous detection and effective discrimination among species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunlian Feng
- Center for Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
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13
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Ceelen L, Decostere A, Devriese LA, Ducatelle R, Haesebrouck F. In VitroSusceptibility ofHelicobacter pullorumStrains to Different Antimicrobial Agents. Microb Drug Resist 2005; 11:122-6. [PMID: 15910225 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2005.11.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro activity of 13 antimicrobial agents against 23 Helicobacter pullorum strains from poultry (21) and human (two) origin, and one human H. canadensis strain was tested by the agar dilution method. With the H. pullorum strains, monomodal distributions of Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) were seen with lincomycin, doxycycline, gentamicin, tobramycin, erythromycin, tylosin, metronidazole, and enrofloxacin in concentration ranges considered as indicating susceptibility in other bacteria. The normal susceptibility level for nalidixic acid was situated at or slightly above the MIC breakpoints proposed for Campylobacteriaceae. Ampicillin, ceftriaxone, and sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim showed poor activity against H. pullorum. For the H. canadensis strain, a similar susceptibility pattern was seen, except for nalidixic acid and enrofloxacin, whose MIC of >512 and 8 microg/ml, respectively, indicated resistance of this agent. With spectinomycin, a bimodal distribution of the MICs was noted for the tested strains; eight H. pullorum isolates originating from one flock showed acquired resistance (MIC>512 microg/ml).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth Ceelen
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Feng S, Kendall LV, Hodzic E, Wong S, Lorenzana E, Freet K, Ku KS, Luciw PA, Barthold SW, Khan IH. Recombinant Helicobacter bilis protein P167 for mouse serodiagnosis in a multiplex microbead assay. CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 11:1094-9. [PMID: 15539512 PMCID: PMC524761 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.11.6.1094-1099.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Infection of mice with Helicobacter bilis is widespread in research and commercial mouse colonies. Therefore, sensitive, specific, and high-throughput assays are needed for rapid and accurate testing of mice in large numbers. This report describes a novel multiplex assay, based on fluorescent microbeads, for serodetection of H. bilis infection. The assay requires only a few microliters of serum to perform and is amenable to a high-throughput format. Individual microbead sets were conjugated to purified, H. bilis-specific, recombinant proteins P167C and P167D and bacterial membrane extracts from H. bilis and Helicobacter hepaticus. For detecting H. bilis infection in the microbead multiplex assay, P167C and P167D provided significantly higher sensitivities (94 and 100%, respectively) and specificities (100 and 95%, respectively) than membrane extract (78% sensitivity and 65% specificity). Microbead multiplex assay results were validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Purified recombinant proteins showed low batch-to-batch variation; this feature allows for ease of quality control, assay robustness, and affordability. Thus, recombinant antigens are highly suitable in the multiplex microbead assay format for serodetection of H. bilis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunlian Feng
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
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15
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Young VB, Knox KA, Pratt JS, Cortez JS, Mansfield LS, Rogers AB, Fox JG, Schauer DB. In vitro and in vivo characterization of Helicobacter hepaticus cytolethal distending toxin mutants. Infect Immun 2004; 72:2521-7. [PMID: 15102759 PMCID: PMC387909 DOI: 10.1128/iai.72.5.2521-2527.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter hepaticus expresses a member of the cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) family of bacterial cytotoxins. To investigate the role of CDT in the pathogenesis of H. hepaticus, transposon mutagenesis was used to generate a series of isogenic mutants in and around the cdtABC gene cluster. An H. hepaticus transposon mutant with a disrupted cdtABC coding region no longer produced CDT activity. Conversely, a transposon insertion outside of the cluster did not affect the CDT activity. An examination of these mutants demonstrated that CDT represents the previously described granulating cytotoxin in H. hepaticus. Challenge of C57BL/6 interleukin 10(-/-) mice with isogenic H. hepaticus mutants revealed that CDT expression is not required for colonization of the murine gut. However, a CDT-negative H. hepaticus mutant had a significantly diminished capacity to induce lesions in this murine model of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent B Young
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, National Food Safety and Toxicology Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
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Gasbarrini A, Carloni E, Gasbarrini G, Ménard A. Helicobacter pylori and extragastric diseases -- other helicobacters. Helicobacter 2003; 8 Suppl 1:68-76. [PMID: 14617220 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-5378.2003.00167.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of Helicobacter pylori infection is explored in more and more extragastric diseases without definite proof in most of the studies, except possibly some hematologic diseases. In cardiovascular diseases, including stroke, the presence of CagA positive strains may be involved. The possible role of helicobacters in hepatobiliary diseases goes beyond that of H. pylori to involve enterohepatic helicobacters. New Helicobacter species are regularly described and molecular methods are developed to improve their detection. Helicobacter felis remains the major species to be used in animal models of Helicobacter infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gasbarrini
- Istituti di Patologia Medica e Medicina Interna, Universita Cattolica, Rome 00168, Italy.
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