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Bezerra CS, Portilho MM, Frota CC, Villar LM. Comparison of four extraction methods for the detection of hepatitis B virus DNA in dried blood spot samples. Microbiologyopen 2021; 10:e1161. [PMID: 33970537 PMCID: PMC8107022 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The dried blood spot (DBS) samples are a useful resource for viral DNA isolation and important in increasing access to HBV diagnosis. However, the choice of the DNA extraction method is crucial for reliable results. We compared the reliability of four DNA extraction methods using DBS samples for the qualitative and quantitative detection of HBV. A panel of serially diluted HBV DNA in whole blood was spotted onto filter paper (Whatman 903 paper and Whatman FTA cards). Four methods were used to extract DNA: QIAamp® DNA Blood Mini Kit (Qiagen); High Pure Viral Nucleic Acid Kit (Roche); Invisorb Spin Blood Midi Kit (Invitek), and DBS Genomic DNA Isolation Kit (Norgen Biotek). Two qualitative PCRs for the core and surface gene regions of HBV were used, and in‐house real‐time PCR was also evaluated. It was possible to detect HBV DNA using all extraction and PCR protocols. The lowest limit of detection was found using Whatman 903 paper, Roche extraction, and qualitative PCR (20 copies of HBV DNA per ml) for the surface/polymerase HBV region. In the case of in‐house real‐time PCR, the lowest limit of detection was found using both Roche and Qiagen assays (estimated 2 × 103 copies per ml). These results suggest the importance of both the extraction method and PCR protocol in detecting HBV DNA in DBS. This study provides insights into the utility of DBS samples in HBV molecular diagnosis and their feasibility in low resource areas where cold storage and transportation may be difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristianne Sousa Bezerra
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Departamento de Educação, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Moyra Machado Portilho
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fiocruz, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Cunha Frota
- Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Lívia Melo Villar
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Santaus TM, Li S, Saha L, Chen WH, Bhagat S, Stine OC, Geddes CD. A comparison of Lyse-It to other cellular sample preparation, bacterial lysing, and DNA fragmentation technologies. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220102. [PMID: 31335892 PMCID: PMC6650070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability for safe and rapid pathogenic sample transportation and subsequent detection is an increasing challenge throughout the world. Herein, we describe and use bead-beating, vortex, sonication, 903 protein saver cards, and Lyse-It methods, aiming to inactivate Gram-positive and -negative bacteria with subsequent genome DNA (quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction) qPCR detection. The basic concepts behind the four chosen technologies is their versatility, cost, and ease of use in developed and underdeveloped countries. The four methods target the testing of bacterial resilience, cellular extraction from general and complex media and subsequent DNA extraction for qPCR detection and amplification. These results demonstrate that conventional high temperature heating, 903 protein saver cards, and Lyse-It are all viable options for inactivating bacterial growth for safe shipping. Additionally, Lyse-It was found to be particularly useful as this technology can inactivate bacteria, extract cells from 903 protein saver cards, lyse bacterial cells, and additionally keep genomic DNA viable for qPCR detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonya M. Santaus
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Institute of Fluorescence, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Shan Li
- Epidemiology and Public Health Department, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Lahari Saha
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Wilbur H. Chen
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Siya Bhagat
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - O. Colin Stine
- Epidemiology and Public Health Department, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Chris D. Geddes
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Institute of Fluorescence, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ibarra-Meneses AV, Mondal D, Alvar J, Moreno J, Carrillo E. Cytokines and chemokines measured in dried SLA-stimulated whole blood spots for asymptomatic Leishmania infantum and Leishmania donovani infection. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17266. [PMID: 29222521 PMCID: PMC5722824 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17315-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole blood stimulation with soluble Leishmania antigen (SLA), followed by plasma cytokine and chemokine determination, provides means of detecting subjects with asymptomatic Leishmania infection. This work examines the potential of Protein Saver 903 cards for the storage and transport of SLA-stimulated dried plasma spot samples. Blood was collected from asymptomatic and negative control subjects living in a Leishmania infantum- (Spain) and Leishmania donovani-endemic area (Bangladesh). After SLA-stimulation, three types of sample were prepared: frozen liquid plasma (-20 °C), and plasma dropped onto Protein Saver cards kept at -20 °C (DPS-FZ), and at ambient temperature (DPS-AT). The concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-2, CXCL10, CXCL9, CCL2 and CXCL8 in the thawed liquid plasma (TLP), DPS-FZ and DPS-AT samples were then determined. Strong correlations were seen between the TLP and DPS-FZ/AT samples for all the studied cytokines/chemokines in both the L. infantum and L. donovani areas. Protein Saver 903 cards would therefore appear to allow for the transport of SLA-stimulated plasma samples by courier at ambient temperature. The CXCL10 and CXCL9 detectable in these plasma spots provided robust markers for identifying asymptomatic subjects from both endemic areas. This easy procedure opens up new possibilities for field studies in resource-limited settings, which could help in Leishmania control.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Ibarra-Meneses
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Leishmaniasis, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Mondal
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division (NCSD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - J Alvar
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Moreno
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Leishmaniasis, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Carrillo
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Leishmaniasis, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Tang RH, Yang H, Choi JR, Gong Y, Feng SS, Pingguan-Murphy B, Huang QS, Shi JL, Mei QB, Xu F. Advances in paper-based sample pretreatment for point-of-care testing. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2016; 37:411-428. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2016.1164664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Goosen WJ, van Helden PD, Warren RM, Miller MA, Parsons SDC. The stability of plasma IP-10 enhances its utility for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis infection in African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer). Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 173:17-20. [PMID: 27090621 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The measurement of interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) in antigen-stimulated whole blood is a sensitive biomarker of Mycobacterium bovis infection in African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer). However, this species often occurs in remote locations and diagnostic samples must be transported to centralised laboratories for processing. In humans, plasma IP-10 is highly stable and this feature contributes to its diagnostic utility; for this reason we aimed to characterize the stability of this molecule in buffaloes. Blood from M. bovis-infected and -uninfected animals was incubated with pathogen-specific peptides, saline and phytohaemagglutinin, respectively. Plasma fractions were harvested and aliquots of selected samples were: (i) stored at different temperatures for various times; (ii) heat treated before storage at RT, and (iii) stored on Protein Saver Cards (PSCs) at RT for either 2 or 8 weeks before measurement of IP-10. Incubation of plasma at 65°C for 20 min caused no loss of IP-10 and this protein could be quantified in plasma stored on PSCs for 2 and 8 weeks. Moreover, for all storage conditions, IP-10 retained its excellent diagnostic characteristics. These features of IP-10 might allow for the heat inactivation of potentially infectious plasma which would facilitate the safe and simple transport of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wynand J Goosen
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research/SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research/Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Paul D van Helden
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research/SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research/Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Robin M Warren
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research/SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research/Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Michele A Miller
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research/SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research/Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Sven D C Parsons
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research/SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research/Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
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McAllister G, Shepherd S, Templeton K, Aitken C, Gunson R. Long term stability of HBsAg, anti-HBc and anti-HCV in dried blood spot samples and eluates. J Clin Virol 2015; 71:10-7. [PMID: 26370308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.07.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dried blood spots (DBS) are a useful specimen collection tool in situations where venous access is problematic, however, detection of biomarkers from this specimen type is subject to variation depending on storage conditions and storage time. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to assess the detection of HBsAg, anti-HBc and anti-HCV from DBS after storage. STUDY DESIGN DBS specimens were stored at -70°C, -20°C, 4°C, 22 to 28°C and 37°C either with or without desiccant. Eluates were also prepared from DBS specimens and stored at -20°C and -70°C. DBS cards and eluates were tested for HBsAg, anti-HBc and anti-HCV at baseline on day 0 and thereafter at intervals of 14, 70 and 200 days. RESULTS Loss of detection of both HBsAg and anti-HBc was evident by the first time point (14 days) in all storage conditions except for the samples (DBS and eluates) stored at -20°C or -70°C. Both HBsAg and anti-HBc stored under these conditions showed minimal variation up to the final time point (200 days) of storage. The detection of anti-HCV did not differ between the 22 to 28°C, 4°C, -20°C and -70°C DBS nor the -20°C or the -70°C stored eluates over the 200 day time period. CONCLUSION We suggest that extended storage of DBS intended for downstream testing is best carried out by freezing either the DBS, or eluate, at -20°C or -70°C as soon as possible following collection for optimal detection of HBsAg, anti-HBc and anti-HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina McAllister
- East of Scotland Specialist Virology Centre, Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, 51 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
| | - Samantha Shepherd
- West of Scotland Specialist Virology Centre, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Kate Templeton
- East of Scotland Specialist Virology Centre, Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, 51 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Celia Aitken
- West of Scotland Specialist Virology Centre, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Rory Gunson
- West of Scotland Specialist Virology Centre, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
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Choi JR, Tang R, Wang S, Wan Abas WAB, Pingguan-Murphy B, Xu F. Paper-based sample-to-answer molecular diagnostic platform for point-of-care diagnostics. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 74:427-39. [PMID: 26164488 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid testing (NAT), as a molecular diagnostic technique, including nucleic acid extraction, amplification and detection, plays a fundamental role in medical diagnosis for timely medical treatment. However, current NAT technologies require relatively high-end instrumentation, skilled personnel, and are time-consuming. These drawbacks mean conventional NAT becomes impractical in many resource-limited disease-endemic settings, leading to an urgent need to develop a fast and portable NAT diagnostic tool. Paper-based devices are typically robust, cost-effective and user-friendly, holding a great potential for NAT at the point of care. In view of the escalating demand for the low cost diagnostic devices, we highlight the beneficial use of paper as a platform for NAT, the current state of its development, and the existing challenges preventing its widespread use. We suggest a strategy involving integrating all three steps of NAT into one single paper-based sample-to-answer diagnostic device for rapid medical diagnostics in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Ru Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; The Key Library of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Ruihua Tang
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; The Key Library of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China
| | - ShuQi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, PR China; Institute for Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Wan Abu Bakar Wan Abas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Belinda Pingguan-Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Feng Xu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; The Key Library of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.
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