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Sahin M, Remy MM, Fallet B, Sommerstein R, Florova M, Langner A, Klausz K, Straub T, Kreutzfeldt M, Wagner I, Schmidt CT, Malinge P, Magistrelli G, Izui S, Pircher H, Verbeek JS, Merkler D, Peipp M, Pinschewer DD. Antibody bivalency improves antiviral efficacy by inhibiting virion release independently of Fc gamma receptors. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110303. [PMID: 35108544 PMCID: PMC8822495 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Across the animal kingdom, multivalency discriminates antibodies from all other immunoglobulin superfamily members. The evolutionary forces conserving multivalency above other structural hallmarks of antibodies remain, however, incompletely defined. Here, we engineer monovalent either Fc-competent or -deficient antibody formats to investigate mechanisms of protection of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and non-neutralizing antibodies (nnAbs) in virus-infected mice. Antibody bivalency enables the tethering of virions to the infected cell surface, inhibits the release of virions in cell culture, and suppresses viral loads in vivo independently of Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) interactions. In return, monovalent antibody formats either do not inhibit virion release and fail to protect in vivo or their protective efficacy is largely FcγR dependent. Protection in mice correlates with virus-release-inhibiting activity of nAb and nnAb rather than with their neutralizing capacity. These observations provide mechanistic insights into the evolutionary conservation of antibody bivalency and help refining correlates of nnAb protection for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Sahin
- Department of Biomedicine - Haus Petersplatz, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, 4009 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Melissa M Remy
- Department of Biomedicine - Haus Petersplatz, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, 4009 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Benedict Fallet
- Department of Biomedicine - Haus Petersplatz, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, 4009 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rami Sommerstein
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marianna Florova
- Department of Biomedicine - Haus Petersplatz, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, 4009 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Langner
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katja Klausz
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tobias Straub
- Institute for Immunology, Department for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mario Kreutzfeldt
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Clinical Pathology, University and University Hospital of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ingrid Wagner
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Clinical Pathology, University and University Hospital of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cinzia T Schmidt
- BioEM Lab, Center for Cellular Imaging & Nano Analytics, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pauline Malinge
- Light Chain Bioscience, Novimmune SA, Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | | | - Shozo Izui
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hanspeter Pircher
- Institute for Immunology, Department for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - J Sjef Verbeek
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toin University of Yokohama, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Doron Merkler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Clinical Pathology, University and University Hospital of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Peipp
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniel D Pinschewer
- Department of Biomedicine - Haus Petersplatz, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, 4009 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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Zhao L, Kopylov M, Potter CS, Carragher B, Finn MG. Engineering the PP7 Virus Capsid as a Peptide Display Platform. ACS NANO 2019; 13:4443-4454. [PMID: 30912918 PMCID: PMC6991139 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b09683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
As self-assembling polyvalent nanoscale structures that can tolerate substantial genetic and chemical modification, virus-like particles are useful in a variety of fields. Here we describe the genetic modification and structural characterization of the Leviviridae PP7 capsid protein as a platform for the presentation of functional polypeptides. This particle was shown to tolerate the display of sequences from 1 kDa (a cell penetrating peptide) to 14 kDa (the Fc-binding double Z-domain) on its exterior surface as C-terminal genetic fusions to the coat protein. In addition, a dimeric construct allowed the presentation of exogenous loops between capsid monomers and the simultaneous presentation of two different peptides at different positions on the icosahedral structure. The PP7 particle is thereby significantly more tolerant of these types of polypeptide additions than Qβ and MS2, the other Leviviridae-derived VLPs in common use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjun Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Mykhailo Kopylov
- National Resource for Automated Molecular Microscopy, Simons Electron Microscopy Center, New York Structural Biology Center, 89 Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Clinton S. Potter
- National Resource for Automated Molecular Microscopy, Simons Electron Microscopy Center, New York Structural Biology Center, 89 Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Bridget Carragher
- National Resource for Automated Molecular Microscopy, Simons Electron Microscopy Center, New York Structural Biology Center, 89 Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - M. G. Finn
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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Rabinowitz JA, Lainson JC, Johnston SA, Diehnelt CW. Non-natural amino acid peptide microarrays to discover Ebola virus glycoprotein ligands. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:1417-1420. [PMID: 29297911 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc08242h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate a platform to screen a virus pseudotyped with Ebola virus glycoprotein (GP) against a library of peptides that contain non-natural amino acids to develop GP affinity ligands. This system could be used for rapid development of peptide-based antivirals for other emerging or neglected tropical infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Rabinowitz
- Biodesign Institute Center for Innovations in Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, USA.
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Lambe T, Bowyer G, Ewer KJ. A review of Phase I trials of Ebola virus vaccines: what can we learn from the race to develop novel vaccines? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 372:rstb.2016.0295. [PMID: 28396468 PMCID: PMC5394635 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporadic outbreaks of Ebola virus infection have been documented since the mid-Seventies and viral exposure can lead to lethal haemorrhagic fever with case fatalities as high as 90%. There is now a comprehensive body of data from both ongoing and completed clinical trials assessing various vaccine strategies, which were rapidly advanced through clinical trials in response to the 2013–2016 Ebola virus disease (EVD) public health emergency. Careful consideration of immunogenicity post vaccination is essential but has been somewhat stifled because of the wide array of immunological assays and outputs that have been used in the numerous clinical trials. We discuss here the different aspects of the immune assays currently used in the Phase I clinical trials for Ebola virus vaccines, and draw comparisons across the immune outputs where possible; various trials have examined both cellular and humoral immunity in European and African cohorts. Assessment of the safety data, the immunological outputs and the ease of field deployment for the various vaccine modalities will help both the scientific community and policy-makers prioritize and potentially license vaccine candidates. If this can be achieved, the next outbreak of Ebola virus, or other emerging pathogen, can be more readily contained and will not have such widespread and devastating consequences. This article is part of the themed issue ‘The 2013–2016 West African Ebola epidemic: data, decision-making and disease control’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Lambe
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Georgina Bowyer
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Katie J Ewer
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
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Reuwer AQ, Heron M, van der Dussen D, Schneider-Hohendorf T, Murk J. The clinical utility of JC virus antibody index measurements in the context of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Acta Neurol Scand 2017; 136 Suppl 201:37-44. [PMID: 29068484 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In natalizumab-treated patients without previous immunosuppressive treatment, the JCV antibody index is used to stratify PML risk. A high index value indicates that the risk to develop PML is significantly elevated, although probably about 99% of patients with this index value will not develop PML. This minireview aimed to provide an overview of the basic virology and immunology relevant to understanding JCV infections in MS patients, with a focus on what is presently known about antibodies to JCV and how they could be of use to predict and diagnose PML.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Q. Reuwer
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Immunology; St. Elisabeth Hospital Tilburg; Tilburg The Netherlands
| | - M. Heron
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Immunology; St. Elisabeth Hospital Tilburg; Tilburg The Netherlands
| | - D. van der Dussen
- Department of Neurology; University Medical Centre Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | | | - J.L. Murk
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Immunology; St. Elisabeth Hospital Tilburg; Tilburg The Netherlands
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Connor J, Kobinger G, Olinger G. Therapeutics Against Filovirus Infection. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2017; 411:263-290. [PMID: 28653190 DOI: 10.1007/82_2017_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Therapies for filovirus infections are urgently needed. The paradoxical issue facing therapies is the need for rigorous safety and efficacy testing, adhering to the principle tenant of medicine to do no harm, while responding to the extreme for a treatment option during an outbreak. Supportive care remains a primary goal for infected patients. Years of research into filoviruses has provided possible medical interventions ranging from direct antivirals, host-factor supportive approaches, and passive immunity. As more basic research is directed toward understanding these pathogens and their impact on the host, effective approaches to treat patients during infection will be identified. The ability to manage outbreaks with medical interventions beyond supportive care will require clinical trial design that will balance the benefits of the patient and scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Connor
- Department of Microbiology, National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, 620 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Gary Kobinger
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Universite Laval, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, RC-709, Ville de Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Gene Olinger
- Department of Medicine, National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, 620 Albaney Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
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