1
|
Yount KS, Kollipara A, Liu C, Zheng X, O'Connell CM, Bagwell B, Wiesenfeld HC, Hillier SL, Darville T. Unique T cell signatures are associated with reduced Chlamydia trachomatis reinfection in a highly exposed cohort. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.02.551709. [PMID: 37577476 PMCID: PMC10418240 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.02.551709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the United States, despite effective antibiotics. Information regarding natural immunity to CT will inform vaccine design. The objectives of this study were to determine immune cell populations and functional features associated with reduced risk of CT reinfection or endometrial CT infection. PBMCs were collected from a cohort of CT-exposed women who were tested for CT and other STIs at the cervix and endometrium (to determine ascension) and were repeatedly tested over the course of a year (to determine reinfection). Mass cytometry identified major immune populations and T cell subsets. Women with CT had increased CD4+ effector memory T cells (TEM) compared to uninfected women. Specifically, Th2, Th17, and Th17 DN CD4+ TEM were increased. Th17 and Th17 DN CD4+ central memory T cells (TCM) were increased in women who did not experience follow-up CT infection, suggesting that these cells may be important for protection. These data indicate that peripheral T cells display distinct features that correlate with natural immunity to CT and suggest that the highly plastic Th17 lineage plays a role in protection against reinfection.
Collapse
|
2
|
Smith‐Norowitz TA, Shidid S, Norowitz YM, Kohlhoff S. CD4<sup>+</sup> T effector memory cell responses in Chlamydia pneumoniae-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells in nonasthmatic subjects. Immun Inflamm Dis 2022; 10:e726. [PMID: 36301027 PMCID: PMC9609443 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae) is a gram-negative intracellular bacterium that causes respiratory infection in humans, including subjects with or without asthma. C. pneumoniae activates cells (e.g., monocytes/macrophages) in vitro, and produces cytokines that may contribute to inflammatory responses observed in asthma. Immunological differences exist between subjects with or without asthma, with regard to host responses to C. pneumoniae. The heterogeneity and subsequent diverse pathophysiology of asthma can be better understood by analyzing the repertoire of T-cell subpopulations; the most common distinction between different asthma endotypes includes cytokines produced by CD4<sup>+</sup> cells (T helper (Th)2 high vs. Th2 low).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamar A. Smith‐Norowitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious DiseasesState University of New York Downstate Health Sciences UniversityBrooklynNew YorkUSA
| | - Sarah Shidid
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious DiseasesState University of New York Downstate Health Sciences UniversityBrooklynNew YorkUSA
| | - Yitzchok M. Norowitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious DiseasesState University of New York Downstate Health Sciences UniversityBrooklynNew YorkUSA
| | - Stephan Kohlhoff
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious DiseasesState University of New York Downstate Health Sciences UniversityBrooklynNew YorkUSA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Muruganandah V, Kupz A. Immune responses to bacterial lung infections and their implications for vaccination. Int Immunol 2021; 34:231-248. [PMID: 34850883 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pulmonary immune system plays a vital role in protecting the delicate structures of gaseous exchange against invasion from bacterial pathogens. With antimicrobial resistance becoming an increasing concern, finding novel strategies to develop vaccines against bacterial lung diseases remains a top priority. In order to do so, a continued expansion of our understanding of the pulmonary immune response is warranted. Whilst some aspects are well characterised, emerging paradigms such as the importance of innate cells and inducible immune structures in mediating protection provide avenues of potential to rethink our approach to vaccine development. In this review, we aim to provide a broad overview of both the innate and adaptive immune mechanisms in place to protect the pulmonary tissue from invading bacterial organisms. We use specific examples from several infection models and human studies to depict the varying functions of the pulmonary immune system that may be manipulated in future vaccine development. Particular emphasis has been placed on emerging themes that are less reviewed and underappreciated in vaccine development studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Visai Muruganandah
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia
| | - Andreas Kupz
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Smith-Norowitz TA, Shidid S, Norowitz YM, Kohlhoff S. Chlamydia pneumoniae-Induced IFN-Gamma Responses in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Increase Numbers of CD4+ but Not CD8+ T Effector Memory Cells. J Blood Med 2021; 12:385-394. [PMID: 34104025 PMCID: PMC8178698 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s303275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chlamydia pneumoniae causes respiratory infection in adults and children. Previous studies in our laboratory identified significantly higher in vitro T lymphocyte responses to C. pneumoniae in children with asthma compared to healthy controls which may indicate the presence of T effector memory (TEM) lymphocytes. Aim In the present study, healthy subjects were screened for the presence of TEM cells and their cytokines. CCR7 negative effector TEMs may indicate persistent infection with C. pneumoniae. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) (1×106/mL) from adult non-asthmatic subjects were infected for 1h ± C. pneumoniae TW-183 at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) = 0.1 and cultured (48 hrs). Distributions of lymphocytes (CD4+, CD8+) and TEM cells (CD4+CCR7+CD45RA+CD154+, CD8+CCR7+CD45RA+CD154+) were determined. Levels of intracellular interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, and interferon (IFN)-gamma were measured (flow microfluorimetry); IFN-gamma was measured in supernatants (ELISA). Results C. pneumoniae infection led to a decrease in numbers of CD8+ TEM and CD8+CD154+ cells; CD4+TEM and CD4+CD154+ cells did not change. Numbers of TEM cells (CD4+IL-2+, CD8+ IL-2+) also decreased. However, number of TEM cells (CD4+IL4-+, CD8+ IL-4+) and (CD4+ IFN-gamma+, CD8+IFN-gamma+) did not change. When stratified according to IFN-gamma+ status, numbers of CD4+ IL-2+ and CD4+IL-4+ TEMs increased; CD8+IL-2+ and CD8+ IL-4+ TEMs decreased. Conclusion C. pneumoniae-induced PBMC IFN-gamma+ responses increased numbers of CD4+ IL-2+ and CD4+IL-4+ TEM cells, while CD8+IL-2+ and CD8+IL-4+ TEMs decreased. Production of IFN-gamma by C. pneumoniae infected PBMC should be further studied as a biomarker of persistent infection in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamar A Smith-Norowitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Sarah Shidid
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Yitzchok M Norowitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Stephan Kohlhoff
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Talepoor AG, Fouladseresht H, Khosropanah S, Doroudchi M. Immune-Inflammation in Atherosclerosis: A New Twist in an Old Tale. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 20:525-545. [DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666191016095725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective:Atherosclerosis, a chronic and progressive inflammatory disease, is triggered by the activation of endothelial cells followed by infiltration of innate and adaptive immune cells including monocytes and T cells in arterial walls. Major populations of T cells found in human atherosclerotic lesions are antigen-specific activated CD4+ effectors and/or memory T cells from Th1, Th17, Th2 and Treg subsets. In this review, we will discuss the significance of T cell orchestrated immune inflammation in the development and progression of atherosclerosis.Discussion:Pathogen/oxidative stress/lipid induced primary endothelial wound cannot develop to a full-blown atherosclerotic lesion in the absence of chronically induced inflammation. While the primary inflammatory response might be viewed as a lone innate response, the persistence of such a profound response over time must be (and is) associated with diverse local and systemic T cell responses. The interplay between T cells and innate cells contributes to a phenomenon called immuneinflammation and has an impact on the progression and outcome of the lesion. In recent years immuneinflammation, an old term, has had a comeback in connecting the puzzle pieces of chronic inflammatory diseases.Conclusion:Taking one-step back and looking from afar at the players of immune-inflammation may help us provide a broader perspective of these complicated interactions. This may lead to the identification of new drug targets and the development of new therapies as well as preventative measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atefe Ghamar Talepoor
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamed Fouladseresht
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shahdad Khosropanah
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Doroudchi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mangar C, Armitage CW, Timms P, Corcoran LM, Beagley KW. Characterisation of CD4 T cells in healthy and diseased koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) using cell-type-specific monoclonal antibodies. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 60:80-90. [PMID: 26905635 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) is an arboreal herbivorous marsupial that is an Australian icon. Koalas in many parts of Australia are under multiple threats including habitat destruction, dog attacks, vehicular accidents, and infectious diseases such as Chlamydia spp. and the koala retrovirus (KoRV), which may contribute to the incidence of lymphoma and leukaemia in this species. Due to a lack of koala-specific immune reagents and assays there is currently no way to adequately analyse the immune response in healthy, diseased or vaccinated animals. This paper reports the production and characterisation of the first anti-koala CD4 monoclonal antibody (mAb). The koala CD4 gene was identified and used to develop recombinant proteins for mAb production. Fluorochrome-conjugated anti-CD4 mAb was used to measure the levels of CD4(+) lymphocytes collected from koala spleens (41.1%, range 20-45.1%) lymph nodes (36.3%, range 19-55.9%) and peripheral blood (23.8%, range 17.3-35%) by flow cytometry. Biotin-conjugated anti-CD4 mAb was used for western blot to determine an approximate size of 52 kDa for the koala CD4 molecule and used in immunohistochemistry to identify CD4(+) cells in the paracortical region and germinal centres of spleen and lymph nodes. Using the anti-CD4 mab we showed that CD4 cells from vaccinated, but not control, koalas proliferated following in vitro stimulation with UV-inactivated Chlamydia pecorum and recombinant chlamydial antigens. Since CD4(+) T cells have been shown to play a pivotal role in clearing chlamydial infection in both human and mouse infections, using this novel antibody will help determine the role CD4(+) T cells play in protection against chlamydial infection in koalas and also enhance our knowledge of how KoRV affects the koala immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Mangar
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), P.O Box 4059, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Charles W Armitage
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), P.O Box 4059, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter Timms
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), P.O Box 4059, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of Sunshine Coast (USC), P.O Box, 4556, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lynn M Corcoran
- The Walter Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, 3052, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kenneth W Beagley
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), P.O Box 4059, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Smith-Norowitz TA, Chotikanatis K, Erstein DP, Perlman J, Norowitz YM, Joks R, Durkin HG, Hammerschlag MR, Kohlhoff S. Chlamydia pneumoniae enhances the Th2 profile of stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from asthmatic patients. Hum Immunol 2016; 77:382-8. [PMID: 26924667 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Chlamydia pneumoniae is a cause of respiratory infection in adults and children. There is evidence for an association between atypical bacterial respiratory pathogens and the pathogenesis of asthma. We compared T helper (Th) responses in C. pneumoniae - infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in patients with or without asthma. PBMC (1×10(6)/mL) from asthmatic patients (N=11) and non-asthmatic controls (N=12) were infected or mock-infected for 1h +/- C. pneumoniae TW-183 at a multiplicity of infection (MOI)=1 and MOI=0.1, or cultured for 24h +/- Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG). Interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, IL-12, Interferon (IFN)-gamma and total IgE levels were measured in supernatants (ELISA). C. pneumoniae infection led to an increase (>50%) of IgE levels in PBMC from asthmatics, compared with mock-infected on day 10; IgE wasn't detected in non-asthmatics. C. pneumoniae - infected PBMC from asthmatics increased levels of IL-4 and IFN-gamma after 24h, compared with PBMC alone; levels of IL-10 and IL-12 were low. When uninfected-PBMC from asthmatics were LGG-stimulated, after 24h, IL-4 was undetectable, but IL-10, IL-12, and IFN-gamma increased, compared with PBMC alone. Thus, C. pneumoniae infection has the ability to induce allergic responses in PBMC of asthmatics, as evidenced by production of Th2 responses and IgE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamar A Smith-Norowitz
- Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States; Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States.
| | - Kobkul Chotikanatis
- Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
| | - David P Erstein
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
| | - Jason Perlman
- Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
| | - Yitzchok M Norowitz
- Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
| | - Rauno Joks
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States; Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
| | - Helen G Durkin
- Department of Pathology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States; Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
| | - Margaret R Hammerschlag
- Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
| | - Stephan Kohlhoff
- Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States; Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Carbone J, Lanio N, Gallego A, Kern F, Navarro J, Muñoz P, Alonso R, Catalán P, Fernández-Yáñez J, Palomo J, Ruiz M, Fernández-Cruz E, Sarmiento E. Simultaneous Monitoring of Cytomegalovirus-Specific Antibody and T-cell levels in Seropositive Heart Transplant Recipients. J Clin Immunol 2012; 32:809-19. [DOI: 10.1007/s10875-012-9670-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
9
|
Lanuti P, Ciccocioppo F, Bonanni L, Marchisio M, Lachmann R, Tabet N, Pierdomenico L, Santavenere E, Catinella V, Iacone A, Thomas A, Gambi D, Miscia S, Onofrj M, Kern F. Amyloid-specific T-cells differentiate Alzheimer's disease from Lewy body dementia. Neurobiol Aging 2012; 33:2599-611. [PMID: 22330173 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies are the most common neurodegenerative dementias in old age. Accurate diagnosis of these conditions has important clinical implications because they tend to be confounded. In the brain of Alzheimer's disease patients amyloid-beta is produced in excess and deposited as plaques, forming the hallmark of this condition. Lymphocytes have been implicated in the process of amyloid-beta removal and inflammation occurrence. Here we investigated peripheral amyloid-beta1-42-specific T-cells by multicolor flow cytometry to simultaneously detect and characterize activation markers and cell signaling proteins (phospho-protein kinase C) in patients with Alzheimer's disease or Lewy body dementia and in healthy controls. Results indicate that only Alzheimer's disease patients display small subsets of peripheral amyloid-beta1-42-specific T-cells, characterized by bright expression of phosphorylated-protein kinase C-delta or -zeta whose significance although discussed, is far from being understood. The identification of such subsets, anyhow, may strongly contribute to distinguish Alzheimer's disease from dementia with Lewy bodies, opening possible new routes to early therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Lanuti
- Cell Signalling Unit, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Carbone J, del Pozo N, Gallego A, Sarmiento E. Immunological risk factors for infection after immunosuppressive and biologic therapies. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2011; 9:405-13. [PMID: 21504398 DOI: 10.1586/eri.10.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Immunosuppressive and biologic therapies are costly and can involve a considerable risk of infection. Noninvasive diagnostic tools for early prediction of infection before and after administration of these therapies are of major interest. Serial longitudinal immune monitoring would provide data on immunocompetence and complement clinical follow-up protocols. Biomarkers of immune response may be useful to identify patients at risk of developing infection and who could be candidates for immunosuppressant dose reduction. This article focuses on the potential use of biomarkers of immune response to predict development of infection after immunosuppressive and biologic therapies in selected settings of autoimmune disease (rituximab for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis) and solid organ transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Carbone
- Transplant Immunology Group, Clinical Immunology Department, University Hospital Gregorio Marañon, Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|