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Danzelle C, Cunha P, Noleto PG, Gilbert FB, Santos KR, Staub C, Pinard A, Deslis A, Barbey S, Germon P, De Craene JO, Rainard P, Blondel M, Martins RP. Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a platform for vaccination against bovine mastitis. Vaccine 2024; 42:126385. [PMID: 39326211 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Mastitis is a major issue for the dairy industry. Despite multiple attempts, the efficacy of available mastitis vaccines is limited and this has been attributed to their incapacity to trigger robust cell-mediated immunity. Yeasts have recently been identified as promising antigen vectors capable of inducing T-cell responses, surpassing the antibody-biased mechanisms elicited by conventional adjuvanted vaccines. In this study, we combine in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo approaches to evaluate the potential of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a platform for novel vaccines against bovine mastitis. We demonstrate that S. cerevisiae is safe for intramuscular and intramammary immunisation in dairy cows. Vaccination resulted in a significant increase of IFNγ and IL-17 responses against the yeast platform but not against the vaccine antigen. These observations highlight that strategies to counterbalance the immunodominance of S. cerevisiae antigens are necessary for the development of successful vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célya Danzelle
- ISP, INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR1282, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Patricia Cunha
- ISP, INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR1282, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sarah Barbey
- Unité Expérimentale du Pin, 61310 Gouffern en Auge, France
| | - Pierre Germon
- ISP, INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR1282, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Johan-Owen De Craene
- UR2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Pascal Rainard
- ISP, INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR1282, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Marc Blondel
- Université de Brest; Inserm UMR1078; Etablissement Français Du Sang (EFS) Bretagne; CHRU Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Brest, France
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Kim H, Choi HG, Shin SJ. Bridging the gaps to overcome major hurdles in the development of next-generation tuberculosis vaccines. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1193058. [PMID: 37638056 PMCID: PMC10451085 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1193058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the leading causes of death from an infectious disease worldwide, the development of vaccines more effective than bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the only licensed TB vaccine, has progressed slowly even in the context of the tremendous global impact of TB. Most vaccine candidates have been developed to strongly induce interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-producing T-helper type 1 (Th1) cell responses; however, accumulating evidence has suggested that other immune factors are required for optimal protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. In this review, we briefly describe the five hurdles that must be overcome to develop more effective TB vaccines, including those with various purposes and tested in recent promising clinical trials. In addition, we discuss the current knowledge gaps between preclinical experiments and clinical studies regarding peripheral versus tissue-specific immune responses, different underlying conditions of individuals, and newly emerging immune correlates of protection. Moreover, we propose how recently discovered TB risk or susceptibility factors can be better utilized as novel biomarkers for the evaluation of vaccine-induced protection to suggest more practical ways to develop advanced TB vaccines. Vaccines are the most effective tools for reducing mortality and morbidity from infectious diseases, and more advanced technologies and a greater understanding of host-pathogen interactions will provide feasibility and rationale for novel vaccine design and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Gyu Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jae Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Silva AJD, Rocha CKDS, de Freitas AC. Standardization and Key Aspects of the Development of Whole Yeast Cell Vaccines. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122792. [PMID: 36559285 PMCID: PMC9781213 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of vaccine development, improving antigenic presentation is critical for the activation of specific immune responses and the success of immunization, in addition to selecting an appropriate target. In this sense, different strategies have been developed and improved. Among them is the use of yeast cells as vehicles for the delivery of recombinant antigens. These vaccines, named whole yeast vaccines (WYVs), can induce humoral and cellular immune responses, with the additional advantage of dispensing with the use of adjuvants due to the immunostimulatory properties of their cell wall components. However, there are some gaps in the methodologies for obtaining and validating recombinant strains and vaccine formulations. The standardization of these parameters is an important factor for WYVs approval by regulatory agencies and, consequently, their licensing. This review aimed to provide an overview of the main parameters to consider when developing a yeast-based vaccine, addressing some available tools, and highlighting the main variables that can influence the vaccine production process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jéssica Duarte Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy—LEMTE, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
| | | | - Antonio Carlos de Freitas
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy—LEMTE, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-81996067671
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Jiang J, Mei J, Yi S, Feng C, Ma Y, Liu Y, Liu Y, Chen C. Tumor associated macrophage and microbe: The potential targets of tumor vaccine delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 180:114046. [PMID: 34767863 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and development of tumors depend on the tumor microenvironment (TME), which is made of various immune cells, activated fibroblasts, basement membrane, capillaries, and extracellular matrix. Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) and microbes are important components in TME. Tumor cells can recruit and educate TAMs and microbes, and the hijacked TAMs and microbes can promote the progression of tumor reciprocally. Tumor vaccine delivery remodeling TME by targeting TAM and microbes can not only enhance the specificity and immunogenicity of antigens, but also contribute to the regulation of TME. Tumor vaccine design benefits from nanotechnology which is a suitable platform for antigen and adjuvant delivery to catalyze new candidate vaccines applying to clinical therapy at unparalleled speed. In view of the characteristics and mechanisms of TME development, vaccine delivery targeting and breaking the malignant interactions among tumor cells, TAMs, and microbes may serve as a novel strategy for tumor therapy.
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Goh S, Kolakowski J, Holder A, Pfuhl M, Ngugi D, Ballingall K, Tombacz K, Werling D. Development of a Potential Yeast-Based Vaccine Platform for Theileria parva Infection in Cattle. Front Immunol 2021; 12:674484. [PMID: 34305904 PMCID: PMC8297500 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.674484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
East Coast Fever (ECF), caused by the tick-borne apicomplexan parasite Theileria parva, remains one of the most important livestock diseases in sub-Saharan Africa with more than 1 million cattle dying from infection every year. Disease prevention relies on the so-called "Infection and Treatment Method" (ITM), which is costly, complex, laborious, difficult to standardise on a commercial scale and results in a parasite strain-specific, MHC class I-restricted cytotoxic T cell response. We therefore attempted to develop a safe, affordable, stable, orally applicable and potent subunit vaccine for ECF using five different T. parva schizont antigens (Tp1, Tp2, Tp9, Tp10 and N36) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an expression platform. Full-length Tp2 and Tp9 as well as fragments of Tp1 were successfully expressed on the surface of S. cerevisiae. In vitro analyses highlighted that recombinant yeast expressing Tp2 can elicit IFNγ responses using PBMCs from ITM-immunized calves, while Tp2 and Tp9 induced IFNγ responses from enriched bovine CD8+ T cells. A subsequent in vivo study showed that oral administration of heat-inactivated, freeze-dried yeast stably expressing Tp2 increased total murine serum IgG over time, but more importantly, induced Tp2-specific serum IgG antibodies in individual mice compared to the control group. While these results will require subsequent experiments to verify induction of protection in neonatal calves, our data indicates that oral application of yeast expressing Theileria antigens could provide an affordable and easy vaccination platform for sub-Saharan Africa. Evaluation of antigen-specific cellular immune responses, especially cytotoxic CD8+ T cell immunity in cattle will further contribute to the development of a yeast-based vaccine for ECF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Goh
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Jeannine Kolakowski
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Holder
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Pfuhl
- Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Ngugi
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kata Tombacz
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk Werling
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
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Pneumonia caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Microbes Infect 2020; 22:278-284. [PMID: 32561408 PMCID: PMC7297158 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2020.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top ten leading causes of death worldwide. The causative agent of TB is Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Acute tuberculous pneumonia (TP) is an acute form of pulmonary TB. However, acute TP and non-tuberculous community-acquired pneumonia can be easily confused, resulting in deterioration of TP due to delayed treatment. Therefore, rapid and accurate diagnosis of acute TP is crucial in order to stop the transmission of TB. Moreover, development of new diagnostic tools (technologies and approaches), and flexible application of different therapy schemes will help to reduce the incidence of TP and promote the goal of ending the TB epidemic.
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Zhu H, Mathew E, Connelly SM, Zuber J, Sullivan M, Piepenbrink MS, Kobie JJ, Dumont ME. Identification of variant HIV envelope proteins with enhanced affinities for precursors to anti-gp41 broadly neutralizing antibodies. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221550. [PMID: 31504041 PMCID: PMC6736307 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV envelope protein (Env) is the sole target of broadly neutralizing antibodies (BNAbs) that are capable of neutralizing diverse strains of HIV. While BNAbs develop spontaneously in a subset of HIV-infected patients, efforts to design an envelope protein-based immunogen to elicit broadly neutralizing antibody responses have so far been unsuccessful. It is hypothesized that a primary barrier to eliciting BNAbs is the fact that HIV envelope proteins bind poorly to the germline-encoded unmutated common ancestor (UCA) precursors to BNAbs. To identify variant forms of Env with increased affinities for the UCA forms of BNAbs 4E10 and 10E8, which target the Membrane Proximal External Region (MPER) of Env, libraries of randomly mutated Env variants were expressed in a yeast surface display system and screened using fluorescence activated cell sorting for cells displaying variants with enhanced abilities to bind the UCA antibodies. Based on analyses of individual clones obtained from the screen and on next-generation sequencing of sorted libraries, distinct but partially overlapping sets of amino acid substitutions conferring enhanced UCA antibody binding were identified. These were particularly enriched in substitutions of arginine for highly conserved tryptophan residues. The UCA-binding variants also generally exhibited enhanced binding to the mature forms of anti-MPER antibodies. Mapping of the identified substitutions into available structures of Env suggest that they may act by destabilizing both the initial pre-fusion conformation and the six-helix bundle involved in fusion of the viral and cell membranes, as well as providing new or expanded epitopes with increased accessibility for the UCA antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Mathew
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Sara M. Connelly
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Zuber
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Mark Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Piepenbrink
- Infectious Diseases Division, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY United States of America
| | - James J. Kobie
- Infectious Diseases Division, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY United States of America
| | - Mark E. Dumont
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
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Sneaking Out for Happy Hour: Yeast-Based Approaches to Explore and Modulate Immune Response and Immune Evasion. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10090667. [PMID: 31480411 PMCID: PMC6770942 DOI: 10.3390/genes10090667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Many pathogens (virus, bacteria, fungi, or parasites) have developed a wide variety of mechanisms to evade their host immune system. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has successfully been used to decipher some of these immune evasion strategies. This includes the cis-acting mechanism that limits the expression of the oncogenic Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-encoded EBNA1 and thus of antigenic peptides derived from this essential but highly antigenic viral protein. Studies based on budding yeast have also revealed the molecular bases of epigenetic switching or recombination underlying the silencing of all except one members of extended families of genes that encode closely related and highly antigenic surface proteins. This mechanism is exploited by several parasites (that include pathogens such as Plasmodium, Trypanosoma, Candida, or Pneumocystis) to alternate their surface antigens, thereby evading the immune system. Yeast can itself be a pathogen, and pathogenic fungi such as Candida albicans, which is phylogenetically very close to S. cerevisiae, have developed stealthiness strategies that include changes in their cell wall composition, or epitope-masking, to control production or exposure of highly antigenic but essential polysaccharides in their cell wall. Finally, due to the high antigenicity of its cell wall, yeast has been opportunistically exploited to create adjuvants and vectors for vaccination.
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Kumar R, Kumar P. Yeast-based vaccines: New perspective in vaccine development and application. FEMS Yeast Res 2019; 19:5298404. [PMID: 30668686 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foz007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In presently licensed vaccines, killed or attenuated organisms act as a source of immunogens except for peptide-based vaccines. These conventional vaccines required a mass culture of associated or related organisms and long incubation periods. Special requirements during storage and transportation further adds to the cost of vaccine preparations. Availability of complete genome sequence, well-established genetic, inherent natural adjuvant and non-pathogenic nature of yeast species viz. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia pastoris makes them an ideal model system for the development of vaccines both for public health and for on-farm consumption. In this review, we compile the work in this emerging field during last two decades with major emphases on S. cerevisiae and P. pastoris which are routinely used worldwide for expression of heterologous proteins with therapeutic value against infectious diseases along with possible use in cancer therapy. We also pointed towards the developments in use of whole recombinant yeast, yeast surface display and virus-like particles as a novel strategy in the fight against infectious diseases and cancer along with other aspects including suitability of yeast in vaccines preparations, yeast cell wall component as an immune stimulator or modulator and present status of yeast-based vaccines in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Kumar
- Section of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Piyush Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, Maharashtra, India
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Billeskov R, Beikzadeh B, Berzofsky JA. The effect of antigen dose on T cell-targeting vaccine outcome. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 15:407-411. [PMID: 30277831 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1527496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past 3-4 decades, an increasing amount of evidence has pointed to the complex role of the antigen dose or T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation strength on the subsequent type, duration and "flavor" or quality of the response. Antigen dose was initially shown to impact Th1/Th2 bias, and later also shown to differentially affect development and induction of Tregs, Th17, T-follicular helper (Tfh), cells, and others. In recent years the quality of both CD4/8 T cells during infections, cancer and/or autoimmunity has turned out to be critical for subsequent disease outcome. Importantly, different vaccination strategies also lead to different types of T cell responses, and the role of the antigen dose is emerging as an important factor as well as a tool for investigators to utilize in fine-tuning vaccine efficacy. This commentary will highlight essential background of how antigen dose can impact and affect the quality of T cell responses, and discuss how this translates in different vaccine settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Billeskov
- a Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research , National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA.,c Department of Infectious Disease Immunology , Statens Serum Institut , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Babak Beikzadeh
- b Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , University of Tehran , Tehran , Iran.,c Department of Infectious Disease Immunology , Statens Serum Institut , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Jay A Berzofsky
- a Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research , National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
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