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Kaplan BS, Hofstetter AR, McGill JL, Lippolis JD, Norimine J, Dassanayake RP, Sacco RE. Identification of a DRB3*011:01-restricted CD4 + T cell response against bovine respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1040075. [PMID: 36891302 PMCID: PMC9986546 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1040075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Although Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (HRSV) is a significant cause of severe respiratory disease with high morbidity and mortality in pediatric and elderly populations worldwide there is no licensed vaccine. Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV) is a closely related orthopneumovirus with similar genome structure and high homology between structural and nonstructural proteins. Like HRSV in children, BRSV is highly prevalent in dairy and beef calves and known to be involved in the etiology of bovine respiratory disease, in addition to being considered an excellent model for HRSV. Commercial vaccines are currently available for BRSV, though improvements in efficacy are needed. The aims of this study were to identify CD4+ T cell epitopes present in the fusion glycoprotein of BRSV, an immunogenic surface glycoprotein that mediates membrane fusion and a major target of neutralizing antibodies. Overlapping peptides representing three regions of the BRSV F protein were used to stimulate autologous CD4+ T cells in ELISpot assays. T cell activation was observed only in cells from cattle with the DRB3*011:01 allele by peptides from AA249-296 of the BRSV F protein. Antigen presentation studies with C-terminal truncated peptides further defined the minimum peptide recognized by the DRB3*011:01 allele. Computationally predicted peptides presented by artificial antigen presenting cells further confirmed the amino acid sequence of a DRB3*011:01 restricted class II epitope on the BRSV F protein. These studies are the first to identify the minimum peptide length of a BoLA-DRB3 class II-restricted epitope in BRSV F protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan S. Kaplan
- Ruminant Diseases & Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Amelia R. Hofstetter
- Ruminant Diseases & Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Jodi L. McGill
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - John D. Lippolis
- Ruminant Diseases & Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Junzo Norimine
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Rohana P. Dassanayake
- Ruminant Diseases & Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Randy E. Sacco
- Ruminant Diseases & Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
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Hove P, Madesh S, Nair A, Jaworski D, Liu H, Ferm J, Kleinhenz MD, Highland MA, Curtis AK, Coetzee JF, Noh SM, Wang Y, Genda D, Ganta RR. Targeted mutagenesis in Anaplasma marginale to define virulence and vaccine development against bovine anaplasmosis. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010540. [PMID: 35576225 PMCID: PMC9135337 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne Anaplasma species are obligate, intracellular, bacterial pathogens that cause important diseases globally in people, agricultural animals, and dogs. Targeted mutagenesis methods are yet to be developed to define genes essential for these pathogens. In addition, vaccines conferring protection against diseases caused by Anaplasma species are not available. Here, we describe a targeted mutagenesis method for deletion of the phage head-to-tail connector protein (phtcp) gene in Anaplasma marginale. The mutant did not cause disease and exhibited attenuated growth in its natural host (cattle). We then assessed its ability to confer protection against wild-type A. marginale infection challenge. Additionally, we compared vaccine protection with the mutant to that of whole cell A. marginale inactivated antigens as a vaccine (WCAV) candidate. Upon infection challenge, non-vaccinated control cattle developed severe disease, with an average 57% drop in packed cell volume (PCV) between days 26-31 post infection, an 11% peak in erythrocytic infection, and apparent anisocytosis. Conversely, following challenge, all animals receiving the live mutant did not develop clinical signs or anemia, or erythrocyte infection. In contrast, the WCAV vaccinees developed similar disease as the non-vaccinees following A. marginale infection, though the peak erythrocyte infection reduced to 6% and the PCV dropped 43%. This is the first study describing targeted mutagenesis and its application in determining in vivo virulence and vaccine development for an Anaplasma species pathogen. This study will pave the way for similar research in related Anaplasma pathogens impacting multiple hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paidashe Hove
- Center of Excellence for Vector-Borne Diseases (CEVBD), Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, West Indies, Grenada
| | - Swetha Madesh
- Center of Excellence for Vector-Borne Diseases (CEVBD), Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Arathy Nair
- Center of Excellence for Vector-Borne Diseases (CEVBD), Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Deborah Jaworski
- Center of Excellence for Vector-Borne Diseases (CEVBD), Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Huitao Liu
- Center of Excellence for Vector-Borne Diseases (CEVBD), Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Ferm
- Center of Excellence for Vector-Borne Diseases (CEVBD), Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Michael D Kleinhenz
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Margaret A Highland
- Center of Excellence for Vector-Borne Diseases (CEVBD), Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Andrew K Curtis
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology and, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Johann F Coetzee
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology and, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Susan M Noh
- Animal Diseases Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 3003 ADBF, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ying Wang
- Center of Excellence for Vector-Borne Diseases (CEVBD), Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Dominica Genda
- Center of Excellence for Vector-Borne Diseases (CEVBD), Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Roman R Ganta
- Center of Excellence for Vector-Borne Diseases (CEVBD), Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
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Dall'Agnol B, Webster A, Souza UA, Barbieri A, Mayer FQ, Cardoso GA, Torres TT, Machado RZ, Ferreira CAS, Reck J. Genomic analysis on Brazilian strains of Anaplasma marginale. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 30:e000421. [PMID: 34076044 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612021043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Anaplasma marginale is a vector-borne pathogen that causes a disease known as anaplasmosis. No sequenced genomes of Brazilian strains are yet available. The aim of this work was to compare whole genomes of Brazilian strains of A. marginale (Palmeira and Jaboticabal) with genomes of strains from other regions (USA and Australia strains). Genome sequencing of Brazilian strains was performed by means of next-generation sequencing. Reads were mapped using the genome of the Florida strain of A. marginale as a reference sequence. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertions/deletions (INDELs) were identified. The data showed that two Brazilian strains grouped together in one particular clade, which grouped in a larger American group together with North American strains. Moreover, some important differences in surface proteins between the two Brazilian isolates can be discerned. These results shed light on the evolutionary history of A. marginale and provide the first genome information on South American isolates. Assessing the genome sequences of strains from different regions is essential for increasing knowledge of the pan-genome of this bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Dall'Agnol
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor - IPVDF, Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brasil
| | - Anelise Webster
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor - IPVDF, Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brasil
| | - Ugo Araújo Souza
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor - IPVDF, Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brasil
| | - Antonela Barbieri
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor - IPVDF, Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brasil
| | - Fabiana Quoos Mayer
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor - IPVDF, Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brasil
| | | | | | - Rosangela Zacarias Machado
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | | | - José Reck
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor - IPVDF, Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brasil
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Hove P, Brayton KA, Liebenberg J, Pretorius A, Oosthuizen MC, Noh SM, Collins NE. Anaplasma marginale outer membrane protein vaccine candidates are conserved in North American and South African strains. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2020; 11:101444. [PMID: 32336660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Bovine anaplasmosis is a globally economically important tick-borne disease caused by the obligate intraerythrocytic rickettsia, Anaplasma marginale. A live Anaplasma centrale blood-based vaccine is available, but it does not protect against all A. marginale field strains and may also transmit other blood-borne pathogens. Five potential outer membrane protein (OMP) vaccine candidates have been well-characterised in A. marginale strains from the USA, however, their levels of conservation in other countries must be ascertained in order to inform their use in a vaccine with regional or global efficacy. This study assessed the amino acid variation in vaccine candidate OMPs in South African strains of A. marginale, and also compared the immunogenic properties between South African and US strains. OMP genes Am779, Am854, omp7, omp8 and omp9 were amplified and sequenced from a set of genetically diverse South African samples with different msp1α-genotypes. OMPs Am854 and Am779 were highly conserved, with 99-100 % amino acid identity, while Omp7, Omp8 and Omp9 had 79-100 % identity with US strains. As has been shown previously, Omp7-9 possess conserved N- and C- termini, a central variable region, and a highly conserved CD4 T-cell epitope, FLLVDDA(I/V)V, in the N-terminal region. Western blot analysis of recombinant OMPs indicates strong antigenic conservation between South African and US strains of A. marginale, suggesting that they are good candidates for use in a novel global vaccine cocktail, although further work on the best formulation and delivery methods will be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paidashe Hove
- Vectors and Vector-borne Diseases Research Programme, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, Pretoria, South Africa; Agricultural Research Council-Biotechnology Platform, Private Bag X5, Onderstepoort, 0110, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Kelly A Brayton
- Vectors and Vector-borne Diseases Research Programme, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA
| | - Junita Liebenberg
- Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Private Bag X5, Onderstepoort, 0110, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Alri Pretorius
- Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Private Bag X5, Onderstepoort, 0110, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Marinda C Oosthuizen
- Vectors and Vector-borne Diseases Research Programme, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Susan M Noh
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA; Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Pullman, WA 99164-6630, USA
| | - Nicola E Collins
- Vectors and Vector-borne Diseases Research Programme, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, Pretoria, South Africa.
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Liu Z, Peasley AM, Yang J, Li Y, Guan G, Luo J, Yin H, Brayton KA. The Anaplasma ovis genome reveals a high proportion of pseudogenes. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:69. [PMID: 30665414 PMCID: PMC6341658 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5374-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The genus Anaplasma is made up of organisms characterized by small genomes that are undergoing reductive evolution. Anaplasma ovis, one of the seven recognized species in this genus, is an understudied pathogen of sheep and other ruminants. This tick-borne agent is thought to induce only mild clinical disease; however, small deficits may add to larger economic impacts due to the wide geographic distribution of this pathogen. Results In this report we present the first complete genome sequence for A. ovis and compare the genome features with other closely related species. The 1,214,674 bp A. ovis genome encodes 933 protein coding sequences, the split operon arrangement for ribosomal RNA genes, and more pseudogenes than previously recognized for other Anaplasma species. The metabolic potential is similar to other Anaplasma species. Anaplasma ovis has a small repertoire of surface proteins and transporters. Several novel genes are identified. Conclusions Analyses of these important features and significant gene families/genes with potential to be vaccine candidates are presented in a comparative context. The availability of this genome will significantly facilitate research for this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Austin M Peasley
- Program in Genomics, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-7040, USA
| | - Jifei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Youquan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiquan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kelly A Brayton
- Program in Genomics, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-7040, USA.
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Hove P, Khumalo ZTH, Chaisi ME, Oosthuizen MC, Brayton KA, Collins NE. Detection and Characterisation of Anaplasma marginale and A. centrale in South Africa. Vet Sci 2018; 5:E26. [PMID: 29510496 PMCID: PMC5876571 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci5010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine anaplasmosis is endemic in South Africa and it has a negative economic impact on cattle farming. An improved understanding of Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma marginale variety centrale (A. centrale) transmission, together with improved tools for pathogen detection and characterisation, are required to inform best management practices. Direct detection methods currently in use for A. marginale and A. centrale in South Africa are light microscopic examination of tissue and organ smears, conventional, nested, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays, and a reverse line blot hybridisation assay. Of these, qPCR is the most sensitive for detection of A. marginale and A. centrale in South Africa. Serological assays also feature in routine diagnostics, but cross-reactions prevent accurate species identification. Recently, genetic characterisation has confirmed that A. marginale and A. centrale are separate species. Diversity studies targeting Msp1a repeats for A. marginale and Msp1aS repeats for A. centrale have revealed high genetic variation and point to correspondingly high levels of variation in A. marginale outer membrane proteins (OMPs), which have been shown to be potential vaccine candidates in North American studies. Information on these OMPs is lacking for South African A. marginale strains and should be considered in future recombinant vaccine development studies, ultimately informing the development of regional or global vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paidashe Hove
- Vectors and Vector-borne Diseases Research Programme, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0110, South Africa.
- Biotechnology Platform, Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa.
| | - Zamantungwa T H Khumalo
- Vectors and Vector-borne Diseases Research Programme, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0110, South Africa.
- Biotechnology Platform, Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa.
| | - Mamohale E Chaisi
- Research and Scientific Services Department, National Zoological Gardens of South Africa; Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
| | - Marinda C Oosthuizen
- Vectors and Vector-borne Diseases Research Programme, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0110, South Africa.
| | - Kelly A Brayton
- Vectors and Vector-borne Diseases Research Programme, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0110, South Africa.
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | - Nicola E Collins
- Vectors and Vector-borne Diseases Research Programme, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0110, South Africa.
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