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Huang N, Shimomura E, Yin G, Tran C, Sato A, Steiner A, Heibeck T, Tam M, Fairman J, Gibson FC. Immunization with cell-free-generated vaccine protects from Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced alveolar bone loss. J Clin Periodontol 2019; 46:197-205. [PMID: 30578564 PMCID: PMC7891626 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Periodontal diseases (PD) are complex oral inflammatory diseases initiated by keystone bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis. A vaccine for PD is desirable as clinical treatment involves protracted maintenance strategies aimed to retain dentition. Although prior immunization approaches targeting P. gingivalis have reported variable success in limiting facets of disease such as oral bone loss, it remains that a vaccine for this disease may be attainable. Aim To investigate cell‐free protein synthesis (CFPS) as a platform to produce vaccinable targets suitable for efficacy testing in a P. gingivalis‐induced murine oral bone loss model. Materials and Methods Recombinantly generated P. gingivalis minor fimbriae protein (Mfa1), RgpA gingipain hemagglutinin domain 1 (HA1), and RgpA gingipain hemagglutinin domain 2 (HA2) were combined in equivalent doses in adjuvants and injected intramuscularly to immunize mice. Serum levels of protein‐specific antibody were measured by ELISA, and oral bone levels were defined by morphometrics. Results Recombinantly generated P. gingivalis proteins possessed high fidelity to predicted size and elicited protein‐specific IgG following immunization. Importantly, immunization with the vaccine cocktail protected from P. gingivalis elicited oral bone loss. Conclusion These data verify the utility of the CFPS technology to synthesize proteins that have the capacity to serve as novel vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasi Huang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Gang Yin
- Sutro BioPharma, South San Francisco, California
| | - Cuong Tran
- Sutro BioPharma, South San Francisco, California
| | - Aaron Sato
- Sutro BioPharma, South San Francisco, California
| | - Alex Steiner
- Sutro BioPharma, South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Michelle Tam
- Sutro BioPharma, South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Frank C Gibson
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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Yoshikawa K, Kikuchi Y, Kokubu E, Imamura K, Saito A, Ishihara K. Identification of a specific domain of Porphyromonas gingivalis Hgp44 responsible for adhesion to Treponema denticola. Pathog Dis 2018; 76:4995196. [PMID: 29771309 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/fty047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interaction between two periodontal pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola, contributes to plaque biofilm formation. Porphyromonas gingivalis forms aggregates with T. denticola through its adhesion/hemagglutinin domain (Hgp44). In this study, we investigated the specific domain of P. gingivalis Hgp44 responsible for adhesion to T. denticola using expression vectors harboring P. gingivalis Hgp44 DNA sequences encoding amino acid residues 1-419. Six plasmids harboring fragments in this region were generated by PCR amplification and self-ligation, and recombinant proteins r-Hgp44 (residues 1-419), r-Hgp441 (residues 1-124), r-Hgp442 (1-199), r-Hgp443 (1-316), r-Hgp444 (199-419), r-Hgp445 (124-198) and r-Hgp446 (199-316) were produced, as confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. r-Hgp44, r-Hgp443 and r-Hgp446 showed greater adhesion to T. denticola sonicates than the control, as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. r-Hgp446 reduced the coaggregation of P. gingivalis and T. denticola. Scanning electron and confocal laser scanning microscopy analyses revealed that r-Hgp446 reduced dual-species biofilm formation. Our results indicate that residues 199-316 of P. gingivalis Hgp44 are mainly responsible for adhesion to T. denticola; inhibiting this domain could potentially disrupt periodontopathic biofilm formation and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouki Yoshikawa
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Kikuchi
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan.,Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Eitoyo Kokubu
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan.,Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Kentaro Imamura
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Atsushi Saito
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan.,Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Ishihara
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan.,Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
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Puth S, Hong SH, Park MJ, Lee HH, Lee YS, Jeong K, Kang IC, Koh JT, Moon B, Park SC, Rhee JH, Lee SE. Mucosal immunization with a flagellin-adjuvanted Hgp44 vaccine enhances protective immune responses in a murine Porphyromonas gingivalis infection model. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13:2794-2803. [PMID: 28604268 PMCID: PMC5718812 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1327109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic periodontitis is caused by interactions between the oral polymicrobial community and host factors. Periodontal diseases are associated with dysbiotic shift in oral microbiota. Vaccination against periodontopathic bacteria could be a fundamental therapeutic to modulate polymicrobial biofilms. Because oral cavity is the site of periodontopathic bacterial colonization, mucosal vaccines should provide better protection than vaccines administered systemically. We previously reported that bacterial flagellin is an excellent mucosal adjuvant. In this study, we investigated whether mucosal immunization with a flagellin-adjuvanted polypeptide vaccine induces protective immune responses using a Porphyromonas gingivalis infection model. We used the Hgp44 domain polypeptide of Arg-gingipain A (RgpA) as a mucosal antigen. Intranasal (IN) immunization induced a significantly higher Hgp44-specific IgG titer in the serum of mice than sublingual (SL) administration. The co-administration of flagellin potentiated serum IgG responses for both the IN and SL vaccinations. On the other hand, the anti-Hgp44-specific IgA titer in the saliva was comparable between IN and SL vaccinations, suggesting SL administration as more compliant vaccination route for periodontal vaccines. The co-administration of flagellin significantly potentiated the secretory IgA response in saliva also. Furthermore, mice administered a mixture of Hgp44 and flagellin via the IN and SL routes exhibited significant reductions in alveolar bone loss induced by live P. gingivalis infections. An intranasally administered Hgp44-flagellin fusion protein induced a comparable level of Hgp44-specific antibody responses to the mixture of Hgp44 and flagellin. Overall, a flagellin-adjuvanted Hgp44 antigen would serve an important component for a multivalent mucosal vaccine against polymicrobial periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sao Puth
- a Clinical Vaccine R&D Center , Chonnam National University , Hwasun-gun , Jeonnam , Republic of Korea.,b Department of Microbiology , Chonnam National University Medical School , Hwasun-gun , Jeonnam , Republic of Korea
| | - Seol Hee Hong
- a Clinical Vaccine R&D Center , Chonnam National University , Hwasun-gun , Jeonnam , Republic of Korea.,b Department of Microbiology , Chonnam National University Medical School , Hwasun-gun , Jeonnam , Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jin Park
- a Clinical Vaccine R&D Center , Chonnam National University , Hwasun-gun , Jeonnam , Republic of Korea.,b Department of Microbiology , Chonnam National University Medical School , Hwasun-gun , Jeonnam , Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Hwa Lee
- a Clinical Vaccine R&D Center , Chonnam National University , Hwasun-gun , Jeonnam , Republic of Korea.,c Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry , Chonnam National University , Gwangju , Republic of Korea ; Department of Microbiology , Chonnam National University Medical School , Hwasun-gun , Jeonnam , Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Suhk Lee
- a Clinical Vaccine R&D Center , Chonnam National University , Hwasun-gun , Jeonnam , Republic of Korea.,c Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry , Chonnam National University , Gwangju , Republic of Korea ; Department of Microbiology , Chonnam National University Medical School , Hwasun-gun , Jeonnam , Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangjoon Jeong
- a Clinical Vaccine R&D Center , Chonnam National University , Hwasun-gun , Jeonnam , Republic of Korea.,b Department of Microbiology , Chonnam National University Medical School , Hwasun-gun , Jeonnam , Republic of Korea
| | - In-Chol Kang
- d Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry , Chonnam National University , Gwangju , Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Tae Koh
- c Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry , Chonnam National University , Gwangju , Republic of Korea ; Department of Microbiology , Chonnam National University Medical School , Hwasun-gun , Jeonnam , Republic of Korea
| | - Byounggon Moon
- e Well Aging Research Center, Samsung Adv. Inst. of Technology (SAIT) , Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Suwon-si , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chul Park
- e Well Aging Research Center, Samsung Adv. Inst. of Technology (SAIT) , Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Suwon-si , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Haeng Rhee
- a Clinical Vaccine R&D Center , Chonnam National University , Hwasun-gun , Jeonnam , Republic of Korea.,b Department of Microbiology , Chonnam National University Medical School , Hwasun-gun , Jeonnam , Republic of Korea
| | - Shee Eun Lee
- a Clinical Vaccine R&D Center , Chonnam National University , Hwasun-gun , Jeonnam , Republic of Korea.,c Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry , Chonnam National University , Gwangju , Republic of Korea ; Department of Microbiology , Chonnam National University Medical School , Hwasun-gun , Jeonnam , Republic of Korea
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Olsen I, Potempa J. Strategies for the inhibition of gingipains for the potential treatment of periodontitis and associated systemic diseases. J Oral Microbiol 2014; 6:24800. [PMID: 25206939 PMCID: PMC4138498 DOI: 10.3402/jom.v6.24800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gingipains are the major virulence factors of Porphyromonas gingivalis, the main periodontopathogen. It is expected that inhibition of gingipain activity in vivo could prevent or slow down the progression of adult periodontitis. To date, several classes of gingipain inhibitors have been recognized. These include gingipain N-terminal prodomains, synthetic compounds, inhibitors from natural sources, antibiotics, antiseptics, antibodies, and bacteria. Several synthetic compounds are potent gingipain inhibitors but inhibit a broad spectrum of host proteases and have undesirable side effects. Synthetic compounds with high specificity for gingipains have unknown toxicity effects, making natural inhibitors more promising as therapeutic gingipain blockers. Cranberry and rice extracts interfere with gingipain activity and prevent the growth and biofilm formation of periodontopathogens. Although the ideal gingipain inhibitor has yet to be discovered, gingipain inhibition represents a novel approach to treat and prevent periodontitis. Gingipain inhibitors may also help treat systemic disorders that are associated with periodontitis, including cardiovascular disease, rheumatoid arthritis, aspiration pneumonia, pre-term birth, and low birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingar Olsen
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Potempa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland ; Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Disease, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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Zhu C, Yang J, Sun J, Shi J, Gou J, Li A. Induction of immune response and prevention of alveolar bone loss with recombinant Porphyromonas gingivalis peptidylarginine deiminase. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 58:1777-83. [PMID: 24200304 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Treatments for periodontitis are not absolutely perfect, and a vaccine against Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) could become a valuable adjunct therapy for periodontitis. DESIGN In this study, a vaccine of peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) from P. gingivalis was evaluated in P. gingivalis-induced murine lesion and periodontitis models. The prevention of alveolar bone loss analysis determined by micro-computed X-ray tomography (micro-CT), and histological assays. Furthermore, the induction of immune response of mouse anti-PAD done with ELISA and Western Blot analysis. RESULTS Compared with animal immunization with incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) alone, PAD group significantly inhibited (P<0.05) bone resorption. ELISA and Western Blot showed that PAD induced response involving immunoglobulin G1 (Ig G1) predominantly. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that PAD could be a candidate antigen for a vaccine against P. gingivalis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Zhu
- Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi 710004, China
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