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Gao B, Xie W, Wu X, Wang L, Guo J. Functionally analyzing the important roles of hepatocyte nuclear factor 3 (FoxA) in tumorigenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1873:188365. [PMID: 32325165 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional factors (TFs) play a central role in governing gene expression under physiological conditions including the processes of embryonic development, metabolic homeostasis and response to extracellular stimuli. Conceivably, the aberrant dysregulations of TFs would dominantly result in various human disorders including tumorigenesis, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. Serving as the most evolutionarily reserved TFs, Fox family TFs have been explored to exert distinct biological functions in neoplastic development, by manipulating diverse gene expression. Recently, among the Fox family members, the pilot roles of FoxAs attract more attention due to their functions as both pioneer factor and transcriptional factor in human tumorigenesis, particularly in the sex-dimorphism tumors. Therefore, the pathological roles of FoxAs in tumorigenesis have been well-explored in modulating inflammation, immune response and metabolic homeostasis. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the impressive progression of FoxA functional annotation, clinical relevance, upstream regulators and downstream effectors, as well as valuable animal models, and highlight the potential strategies to target FoxAs for cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Gao
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Xueji Wu
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Jianping Guo
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China.
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2-Amino-4-(1-piperidine) pyridine exhibits inhibitory effect on colon cancer through suppression of FOXA2 expression. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:384. [PMID: 31656722 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1915-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of 2-amino-4-(1-piperidine) pyridine on migration and invasion of colon cancer cells. Treatment of colon cancer cells with 2-amino-4-(1-piperidine) pyridine reduced viability in concentration-based manner. The migration potential of HCT116 and HT29 cells was also suppressed on treatment with 2-amino-4-(1-piperidine) pyridine. In HCT116 and HT29 cells, apoptotic cell proportion was increased significantly by 2-amino-4-(1-piperidine) pyridine treatment. The expression of EMT and Vimentin in HCT116 and HT29 cells was reduced markedly on treatment with 2-amino-4-(1-piperidine) pyridine. The expression of E-cadherin was increased in HCT116 and HT29 cells by 2-amino-4-(1-piperidine) pyridine treatment. Treatment with 2-amino-4-(1-piperidine) pyridine reduced the expression of FOXA2 in HCT116 and HT29 cells. The 2-amino-4-(1-piperidine) pyridine treatment reduced growth of tumor in vivo in mice model. In summary, 2-amino-4-(1-piperidine) pyridine treatment inhibits colon cancer cell proliferation through down-regulation of FOXA2 expression. Therefore, 2-amino-4-(1-piperidine) pyridine can be used for the treatment of colon cancer.
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Wang B, Liu G, Ding L, Zhao J, Lu Y. FOXA2 promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion, and epithelial mesenchymal transition in colon cancer. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:133-140. [PMID: 29896233 PMCID: PMC5995056 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study determined the expression and biological functions of FOXA2 gene in colon cancer in tissues, cells and animals. A total of 66 patients with colon cancer were included in the present study. Using The Human Protein Atlas database, expression and distribution of FOXA2 in colon cancer tissues were analyzed. Using immunohistochemistry, the expression and distribution of FOXA2 in colon cancer cells were studied. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to determine the expression of FOXA2 mRNA in colon cancer tissues. Following in vitro transfection with FOXA2 interference sequence (siR-FOXA2), the proliferation, cell cycle, migration and invasion of colon cancer HCT116 and HT29 cells were investigated using Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, flow cytometry, and Transwell assay, respectively. Furthermore, flow cytometry was used to determine apoptosis of HCT116 and HT29 cells. Western blotting was used to determine the expression of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) proteins, E-Cadherin and Vimentin. Laser scanning confocal microscopy was performed to observe the cytoskeleton in HCT116 and HT29 cells. Results indicated tumorigenesis of colon cancer cells in nude mice. In addition, the expression of FOXA2 in colon cancer tissues was elevated and associated with the metastasis and clinical staging of colon cancer. Notably, inhibition of FOXA2 reduced the proliferation of colon cancer cells in vitro and reduced expression of FOXA2 was able to decrease the migration and invasion abilities of colon cancer cells. Furthermore, FOXA2 promoted EMT, inhibited apoptosis and enhanced the invasion ability of colon cancer cells. Decreased expression of FOXA2 inhibited tumorigenesis of colon cancer cells in nude mice. To conclude, the present study demonstrated that the expression of FOXA2 in colon cancer tissues was elevated and associated with the metastasis and clinical staging of colon cancer. As an oncogene, FOXA2 may promote the proliferation, migration and invasion and EMT in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolei Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266555, P.R. China
| | - Guangwei Liu
- Emergency Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Lei Ding
- Medical Administration Division, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Yun Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266555, P.R. China
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Wang K, Holterman AX. Pathophysiologic role of hepatocyte nuclear factor 6. Cell Signal 2011; 24:9-16. [PMID: 21893194 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 6 (HNF6) is one of liver-enriched transcription factors. HNF6 utilizes the bipartite onecut-homeodomain sequence to localize the HNF6 protein to the nuclear compartment and binds to specific DNA sequences of numerous target gene promoters. HNF6 regulates an intricate network and mediates complex biological processes that are best known in the liver and pancreas. The function of HNF6 is correlated to cell proliferation, cell cycle regulation, cell differentiation and organogenesis, cell migration and cell-matrix adhesion, glucose metabolism, bile homeostasis, inflammation and so on. HNF6 controls the transcription of its target genes in different ways. The details of the regulatory pathways and their mechanisms are still under investigation. Future study will explore HNF6 novel functions associated with apoptosis, oncogenesis, and modulation of the inflammatory response. This review highlights recent progression pertaining to the pathophysiologic role of HNF6 and summarizes the potential mechanisms in preclinical animal models. HNF6-mediated pathways represent attractive therapeutic targets for the treatment of the relative diseases such as cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Wang
- Department of Pediatrics and Surgery/Section of Pediatric Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
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Wederell ED, Bilenky M, Cullum R, Thiessen N, Dagpinar M, Delaney A, Varhol R, Zhao Y, Zeng T, Bernier B, Ingham M, Hirst M, Robertson G, Marra MA, Jones S, Hoodless PA. Global analysis of in vivo Foxa2-binding sites in mouse adult liver using massively parallel sequencing. Nucleic Acids Res 2008; 36:4549-64. [PMID: 18611952 PMCID: PMC2504304 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkn382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Foxa2 (HNF3β) is a one of three, closely related transcription factors that are critical to the development and function of the mouse liver. We have used chromatin immunoprecipitation and massively parallel Illumina 1G sequencing (ChIP–Seq) to create a genome-wide profile of in vivo Foxa2-binding sites in the adult liver. More than 65% of the ∼11.5 k genomic sites associated with Foxa2 binding, mapped to extended gene regions of annotated genes, while more than 30% of intragenic sites were located within first introns. 20.5% of all sites were further than 50 kb from any annotated gene, suggesting an association with novel gene regions. QPCR analysis demonstrated a strong positive correlation between peak height and fold enrichment for Foxa2-binding sites. We measured the relationship between Foxa2 and liver gene expression by overlapping Foxa2-binding sites with a SAGE transcriptome profile, and found that 43.5% of genes expressed in the liver were also associated with Foxa2 binding. We also identified potential Foxa2-interacting transcription factors whose motifs were enriched near Foxa2-binding sites. Our comprehensive results for in vivo Foxa2-binding sites in the mouse liver will contribute to resolving transcriptional regulatory networks that are important for adult liver function.
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Richardson MA, Gupta A, O'Brien LA, Berg DT, Gerlitz B, Syed S, Sharma GR, Cramer MS, Heuer JG, Galbreath EJ, Grinnell BW. Treatment of sepsis-induced acquired protein C deficiency reverses Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 inhibition and decreases pulmonary inflammatory response. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2008; 325:17-26. [PMID: 18182560 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.107.130609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein C (PC) pathway plays an important role in vascular and immune function, and acquired deficiency during sepsis is associated with increased mortality in both animal models and in clinical studies. However, the association of acquired PC deficiency with the pathophysiology of lung injury is unclear. We hypothesized that low PC induced by sepsis would associate with increased pulmonary injury and that replacement with activated protein C (APC) would reverse the activation of pathways associated with injury. Using a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of polymicrobial sepsis, we examined the role of acquired PC deficiency on acute lung injury assessed by analyzing changes in pulmonary pathology, chemokine response, inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS), and the angiotensin pathway. Acquired PC deficiency was strongly associated with an increase in lung inflammation and drivers of pulmonary injury, including angiotensin (Ang) II, thymus and activation-regulated chemokine, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1, and iNOS. In contrast, the protective factor angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-2 was significantly suppressed in animals with acquired PC deficiency. The endothelial protein C receptor, required for the cytoprotective signaling of APC, was significantly increased post-CLP, suggesting a compensatory up-regulation of the signaling receptor. Treatment of septic animals with APC reduced pulmonary pathology, suppressed the macrophage inflammatory protein family chemokine response, iNOS expression, and PAI-1 activity and up-regulated ACE-2 expression with concomitant reduction in AngII peptide. These data demonstrate a clear link between acquired PC deficiency and pulmonary inflammatory response in the rat sepsis model and provide support for the concept of APC as a replacement therapy in acute lung injury associated with acquired PC deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Richardson
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
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Sharma GR, Gerlitz B, Berg DT, Cramer MS, Jakubowski JA, Galbreath EJ, Heuer JG, Grinnell BW. Activated protein C modulates chemokine response and tissue injury in experimental sepsis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2008; 614:83-91. [PMID: 18290317 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-74911-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The protein C (PC) pathway plays an important role in vascular function, and acquired deficiency during sepsis is associated with increased mortality. We have explored the role of PC suppression in modulating early inflammatory events in a model of polymicrobial sepsis. We show that increased levels of organ damage and dysfunction are associated with decreased levels of endogenous PC. Notably, animals with low PC had correspondingly high levels of pulmonary iNOS expression, which correlated with chemokines KC/Gro and MIP2, previously shown to predict outcome in this model. Treatment with activated protein C (aPC) not only reduced the pathology score, leukocyte infiltration and markers of organ dysfunction, but also suppressed the induction of iNOS, and the chemokine response (including KC/Gro, MIP2, IP-10, RANTES, GCP-2 and lymphotactin), and increased apoA1. aPC treatment also suppressed the induction of VEGF, a marker recently suggested to play a pathophysiological role in sepsis. These data demonstrate a clear link between low protein C and degree of organ damage and dysfunction in sepsis, as well as the early reversal with aPC treatment. Moreover, our data show a direct role of aPC in broadly modulating monocyte and T-cell chemokines following systemic inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh R Sharma
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
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Gupta A, Berg DT, Gerlitz B, Sharma GR, Syed S, Richardson MA, Sandusky G, Heuer JG, Galbreath EJ, Grinnell BW. Role of protein C in renal dysfunction after polymicrobial sepsis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007; 18:860-7. [PMID: 17301189 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2006101167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein C (PC) plays an important role in vascular function, and acquired deficiency during sepsis is associated with increased mortality in both animal models and in clinical studies. This study explored the consequences of PC suppression on the kidney in a cecal ligation and puncture model of polymicrobial sepsis. This study shows that a rapid drop in PC after sepsis is strongly associated with an increase in blood urea nitrogen, renal pathology, and expression of known markers of renal injury, including neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, CXCL1, and CXCL2. The endothelial PC receptor, which is required for the anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic activity of activated PC (APC), was significantly increased after cecal ligation and puncture as well as in the microvasculature of human kidneys after injury. Treatment of septic animals with APC reduced blood urea nitrogen, renal pathology, and chemokine expression and dramatically reduced the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase and caspase-3 activation in the kidney. The data demonstrate a clear link between acquired PC deficiency and renal dysfunction in sepsis and suggest a compensatory upregulation of the signaling receptor. Moreover, these data suggest that APC treatment may be effective in reducing inflammatory and apoptotic insult during sepsis-induced acute renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Gupta
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Eli-Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, 355 East Merrill Street, DC# 0434, Lilly & Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 462225, USA
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