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Kang WH, Park YD, Lim JY, Park HM. LAMMER Kinase Governs the Expression and Cellular Localization of Gas2, a Key Regulator of Flocculation in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. J Microbiol 2024; 62:21-31. [PMID: 38180730 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-023-00097-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
It was reported that LAMMER kinase in Schizosaccharomyces pombe plays an important role in cation-dependent and galactose-specific flocculation. Analogous to other flocculating yeasts, when cell wall extracts of the Δlkh1 strain were treated to the wild-type strain, it displayed flocculation. Gas2, a 1,3-β-glucanosyl transferase, was isolated from the EDTA-extracted cell-surface proteins in the Δlkh1 strain. While disruption of the gas2+ gene was not lethal and reduced the flocculation activity of the ∆lkh1 strain, the expression of a secreted form of Gas2, in which the GPI anchor addition sequences had been removed, conferred the ability to flocculate upon the WT strain. The Gas2-mediated flocculation was strongly inhibited by galactose but not by glucose. Immunostaining analysis showed that the cell surface localization of Gas2 was crucial for the flocculation of fission yeast. In addition, we identified the regulation of mbx2+ expression by Lkh1 using RT-qPCR. Taken together, we found that Lkh1 induces asexual flocculation by regulating not only the localization of Gas2 but also the transcription of gas2+ through Mbx2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Hwa Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
- Y-Biologics Co. Ltd., Daejeon, 34013, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Dong Park
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Joo-Yeon Lim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine-Terre Haute, Terre Haute, IN, 47809, USA
| | - Hee-Moon Park
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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Fukunaga T, Watanabe M, Nakamichi Y, Morita T, Higuchi Y, Maekawa H, Takegawa K. Mechanistic insights into Schizosaccharomyces pombe GT-A family protein Pvg3 in the biosynthesis of pyruvylated β1,3-galactose of N-linked oligosaccharides. J Biosci Bioeng 2023; 135:423-432. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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Fukunaga T, Ohashi T, Tanaka Y, Yoshimatsu T, Higuchi Y, Maekawa H, Takegawa K. Galactosylation of cell-surface glycoprotein required for hyphal growth and cell wall integrity in Schizosaccharomyces japonicus. J Biosci Bioeng 2022; 134:384-392. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2022.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Fukunaga T, Tanaka N, Furumoto T, Nakakita S, Ohashi T, Higuchi Y, Maekawa H, Takegawa K. Substrate specificities of α1,2- and α1,3-galactosyltransferases and characterization of Gmh1p and Otg1p in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Glycobiology 2021; 31:1037-1045. [PMID: 33909078 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, α1,2- and α1,3-linked D-galactose (Gal) residues are transferred to N- and O-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins by galactosyltransferases. Although the galactomannans are important for cell-cell communication in S. pombe (e.g., in non-sexual aggregation), the mechanisms underlying galactosylation in cells remain unclear. S. pombe has 10 galactosyltransferase-related genes: seven belonging to glycosyltransferase (GT) family 34 and three belonging GT family 8. Disruption of all 10 α-galactosyltransferases (strain Δ10GalT) has been shown to result in a complete lack of α-Gal residues. Here, we have investigated the function and substrate specificities of galactosyltransferases in S pombe by using strains expressing single α-galactosyltransferases in the Δ10GalT background. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of pyridylaminated O-linked oligosaccharides showed that two GT family 34 α1,2-galactosyltransferases (Gma12p and Gmh6p) and two GT family 8 α1,3-galactosyltransferases (Otg2p and Otg3p) are involved in galactosylation of O-linked oligosaccharide. Moreover, 1H-NMR of N-glycans revealed that three GT family 34 α1,2-galactosyltransferases (Gmh1p, Gmh2p, and Gmh3p) are required for galactosylation of N-linked oligosaccharides. Furthermore, HPLC and lectin-blot analysis revealed that Otg1p showed α1,3-galactosyltransferase activity under conditions of co-expression with Gmh6p, indicating that α-1,2-linked galactose is required for the galactosylation activity of Otg1p in S. pombe. In conclusion, eight galactosyltransferases have been shown to have activity in S. pombe with different substrate specificities. These findings will be useful for genetically tailoring the galactosylation of both N- and O- glycans in fission yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamasa Fukunaga
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naotaka Tanaka
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Toshio Furumoto
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Shinichi Nakakita
- Department of Endocrinology; Department of Immunology and Immunopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan; and Life Science Research Center, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Takao Ohashi
- Faculty of Science and Engineering Department of Life Science, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yujiro Higuchi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiromi Maekawa
- Centre for Promotion of International Education and Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu university, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kaoru Takegawa
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Sanchez AM, Garg A, Shuman S, Schwer B. Inositol pyrophosphates impact phosphate homeostasis via modulation of RNA 3' processing and transcription termination. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:8452-8469. [PMID: 31276588 PMCID: PMC6895273 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fission yeast phosphate acquisition genes pho1, pho84, and tgp1 are repressed in phosphate-rich medium by transcription of upstream lncRNAs. Here, we show that phosphate homeostasis is subject to metabolite control by inositol pyrophosphates (IPPs), exerted through the 3'-processing/termination machinery and the Pol2 CTD code. Increasing IP8 (via Asp1 IPP pyrophosphatase mutation) de-represses the PHO regulon and leads to precocious termination of prt lncRNA synthesis. pho1 de-repression by IP8 depends on cleavage-polyadenylation factor (CPF) subunits, termination factor Rhn1, and the Thr4 letter of the CTD code. pho1 de-repression by mutation of the Ser7 CTD letter depends on IP8. Simultaneous inactivation of the Asp1 and Aps1 IPP pyrophosphatases is lethal, but this lethality is suppressed by mutations of CPF subunits Ppn1, Swd22, Ssu72, and Ctf1 and CTD mutation T4A. Failure to synthesize IP8 (via Asp1 IPP kinase mutation) results in pho1 hyper-repression. Synthetic lethality of asp1Δ with Ppn1, Swd22, and Ssu72 mutations argues that IP8 plays an important role in essential 3'-processing/termination events, albeit in a manner genetically redundant to CPF. Transcriptional profiling delineates an IPP-responsive regulon composed of genes overexpressed when IP8 levels are increased. Our results establish a novel role for IPPs in cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Sanchez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Angad Garg
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Stewart Shuman
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Beate Schwer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Lie S, Banks P, Lawless C, Lydall D, Petersen J. The contribution of non-essential Schizosaccharomyces pombe genes to fitness in response to altered nutrient supply and target of rapamycin activity. Open Biol 2019; 8:rsob.180015. [PMID: 29720420 PMCID: PMC5990653 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrient fluctuations in the cellular environment promote changes in cell metabolism and growth to adapt cell proliferation accordingly. The target of rapamycin (TOR) signalling network plays a key role in the coordination of growth and cell proliferation with the nutrient environment and, importantly, nutrient limitation reduces TOR complex 1 (TORC1) signalling. We have performed global quantitative fitness profiling of the collection of Schizosaccharomyces pombe strains from which non-essential genes have been deleted. We identified genes that regulate fitness when cells are grown in a nutrient-rich environment compared with minimal environments, with varying nitrogen sources including ammonium, glutamate and proline. In addition, we have performed the first global screen for genes that regulate fitness when both TORC1 and TORC2 signalling is reduced by Torin1. Analysis of genes whose deletions altered fitness when nutrients were limited, or when TOR signalling was compromised, identified a large number of genes that regulate transmembrane transport, transcription and chromatin organization/regulation and vesicle-mediated transport. The ability to tolerate reduced TOR signalling placed demands upon a large number of biological processes including autophagy, mRNA metabolic processing and nucleocytoplasmic transport. Importantly, novel biological processes and all processes known to be regulated by TOR were identified in our screens. In addition, deletion of 62 genes conserved in humans gave rise to strong sensitivity or resistance to Torin1, and 29 of these 62 genes have novel links to TOR signalling. The identification of chromatin and transcriptional regulation, nutritional uptake and transport pathways in this powerful genetic model now paves the way for a molecular understanding of how cells adapt to the chronic and acute fluctuations in nutrient supply that all eukaryotes experience at some stage, and which is a key feature of cancer cells within solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervi Lie
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Peter Banks
- High Throughput Screening Facility, Newcastle Biomedicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Conor Lawless
- Institute for Cell & Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - David Lydall
- Institute for Cell & Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Janni Petersen
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia .,South Australia Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, PO Box 11060, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
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Yoritsune KI, Higuchi Y, Matsuzawa T, Takegawa K. Functional analysis of putative phosphoenolpyruvate transporters localized to the Golgi apparatus inSchizosaccharomyces pombe. FEMS Yeast Res 2014; 14:1101-9. [DOI: 10.1111/1567-1364.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichi Yoritsune
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Faculty of Agriculture; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Yujiro Higuchi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Faculty of Agriculture; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Tomohiko Matsuzawa
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Faculty of Agriculture; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Kaoru Takegawa
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Faculty of Agriculture; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
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Abstract
In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, over 90% of transcription factor genes are nonessential. Moreover, the majority do not exhibit significant growth defects under optimal conditions when deleted, complicating their functional characterization and target gene identification. Here, we systematically overexpressed 99 transcription factor genes with the nmt1 promoter and found that 64 transcription factor genes exhibited reduced fitness when ectopically expressed. Cell cycle defects were also often observed. We further investigated three uncharacterized transcription factor genes (toe1(+)-toe3(+)) that displayed cell elongation when overexpressed. Ectopic expression of toe1(+) resulted in a G1 delay while toe2(+) and toe3(+) overexpression produced an accumulation of septated cells with abnormalities in septum formation and nuclear segregation, respectively. Transcriptome profiling and ChIP-chip analysis of the transcription factor overexpression strains indicated that Toe1 activates target genes of the pyrimidine-salvage pathway, while Toe3 regulates target genes involved in polyamine synthesis. We also found that ectopic expression of the putative target genes SPBC3H7.05c, and dad5(+) and SPAC11D3.06 could recapitulate the cell cycle phenotypes of toe2(+) and toe3(+) overexpression, respectively. Furthermore, single deletions of the putative target genes urg2(+) and SPAC1399.04c, and SPBC3H7.05c, SPACUNK4.15, and rds1(+), could suppress the phenotypes of toe1(+) and toe2(+) overexpression, respectively. This study implicates new transcription factors and metabolism genes in cell cycle regulation and demonstrates the potential of systematic overexpression analysis to elucidate the function and target genes of transcription factors in S. pombe.
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Yoritsune KI, Matsuzawa T, Ohashi T, Takegawa K. The fission yeast Pvg1p has galactose-specific pyruvyltransferase activity. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:917-21. [PMID: 23422075 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
N-Glycan from the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe contains outer-chain pyruvic acid 4,6-ketal-linked galactose (PvGal). Here, we characterized a putative S. pombe pyruvyltransferase, Pvg1p, reported to be essential for biosynthesis of PvGal. When p-nitrophenyl-β-Gal (pNP-β-Gal) was used as a substrate, the structure of the recombinant Pvg1p product was determined to be pNP-PvGal by one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. The recombinant Pvg1p transferred pyruvyl residues from phosphoenolpyruvate specifically to β-linked galactose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichi Yoritsune
- Department of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Fukuoka, Japan
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Matsuzawa T, Kageyama Y, Ooishi K, Kawamukai M, Takegawa K. The zinc finger protein Gsf1 regulates Gsf2-dependent flocculation in fission yeast. FEMS Yeast Res 2013; 13:259-66. [PMID: 23311928 DOI: 10.1111/1567-1364.12029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fission yeast flocculates nonsexually by induction of the flocculin encoded by gsf2(+) which is controlled by the positive regulator Mbx2. Here, we report a novel gene designated gsf1(+) found to be a negative regulator of nonsexual flocculation. We identified gsf1(+) as a multicopy suppressor of a sam2 mutation, which caused growth sensitivity to Ca(2+) and also found a nonsense mutation in gsf1(+) in a previously isolated gsf1 mutant. The gsf1(+) gene encodes a 547-aa protein containing a Zn(2)-Cys(6) binuclear cluster-type zinc finger motif. The Gsf1 protein localized in the nucleus, consistent with a role as a transcription factor. Deletion of gsf1(+) resulted in nonsexual flocculation inducible by CaCl2 , which was suppressed by the addition of EDTA or galactose. Both gsf2(+) and mbx2(+) were highly expressed in the gsf1 mutant. gsf1∆ gsf2∆ and gsf1∆ mbx2∆ double mutants did not flocculate, suggesting that gsf1(+) is an upstream regulator. In addition, the gsf1 mutant was sensitive to CaCl2 , KCl, HU, and TBZ, consistent with the possibility that gsf1(+) plays a role in functions unrelated to flocculation. Taken together, these results suggest that nonsexual flocculation in fission yeast is negatively controlled by Gsf1, which controls expression of mbx2(+) and gsf2(+) .
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Matsuzawa
- Department of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Deciphering the transcriptional-regulatory network of flocculation in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1003104. [PMID: 23236291 PMCID: PMC3516552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the transcriptional-regulatory network that governs flocculation remains poorly understood. Here, we systematically screened an array of transcription factor deletion and overexpression strains for flocculation and performed microarray expression profiling and ChIP-chip analysis to identify the flocculin target genes. We identified five transcription factors that displayed novel roles in the activation or inhibition of flocculation (Rfl1, Adn2, Adn3, Sre2, and Yox1), in addition to the previously-known Mbx2, Cbf11, and Cbf12 regulators. Overexpression of mbx2(+) and deletion of rfl1(+) resulted in strong flocculation and transcriptional upregulation of gsf2(+)/pfl1(+) and several other putative flocculin genes (pfl2(+)-pfl9(+)). Overexpression of the pfl(+) genes singly was sufficient to trigger flocculation, and enhanced flocculation was observed in several combinations of double pfl(+) overexpression. Among the pfl1(+) genes, only loss of gsf2(+) abrogated the flocculent phenotype of all the transcription factor mutants and prevented flocculation when cells were grown in inducing medium containing glycerol and ethanol as the carbon source, thereby indicating that Gsf2 is the dominant flocculin. In contrast, the mild flocculation of adn2(+) or adn3(+) overexpression was likely mediated by the transcriptional activation of cell wall-remodeling genes including gas2(+), psu1(+), and SPAC4H3.03c. We also discovered that Mbx2 and Cbf12 displayed transcriptional autoregulation, and Rfl1 repressed gsf2(+) expression in an inhibitory feed-forward loop involving mbx2(+). These results reveal that flocculation in S. pombe is regulated by a complex network of multiple transcription factors and target genes encoding flocculins and cell wall-remodeling enzymes. Moreover, comparisons between the flocculation transcriptional-regulatory networks of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and S. pombe indicate substantial rewiring of transcription factors and cis-regulatory sequences.
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Matsuzawa T, Ohashi T, Nakase M, Yoritsune KI, Takegawa K. Galactose-Specific Recognition System in the Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2012. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.24.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Matsuzawa
- Department of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Takao Ohashi
- Department of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Mai Nakase
- Department of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Yoritsune
- Department of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Kaoru Takegawa
- Department of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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