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Autographivirinae Bacteriophage Arno 160 Infects Pectobacterium carotovorum via Depolymerization of the Bacterial O-Polysaccharide. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093170. [PMID: 32365879 PMCID: PMC7246868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytopathogenic bacteria belonging to the Pectobacterium and Dickeya genera (soft-rot Pectobacteriaceae) are in the focus of agriculture-related microbiology because of their diversity, their substantial negative impact on the production of potatoes and vegetables, and the prospects of bacteriophage applications for disease control. Because of numerous amendments in the taxonomy of P. carotovorum, there are still a few studied sequenced strains among this species. The present work reports on the isolation and characterization of the phage infectious to the type strain of P. carotovorum. The phage Arno 160 is a lytic Podovirus representing a potential new genus of the subfamily Autographivirinae. It recognizes O-polysaccahride of the host strain and depolymerizes it in the process of infection using a rhamnosidase hydrolytic mechanism. Despite the narrow host range of this phage, it is suitable for phage control application.
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Kajsík M, Bugala J, Kadličeková V, Szemes T, Turňa J, Drahovská H. Characterization of Dev-CD-23823 and Dev-CT57, new Autographivirinae bacteriophages infecting Cronobacter spp. Arch Virol 2019; 164:1383-1391. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04202-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Buttimer C, Lucid A, Neve H, Franz CMAP, O'Mahony J, Turner D, Lavigne R, Coffey A. Pectobacterium atrosepticum Phage vB_PatP_CB5: A Member of the Proposed Genus ' Phimunavirus'. Viruses 2018; 10:E394. [PMID: 30050020 PMCID: PMC6115819 DOI: 10.3390/v10080394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pectobacterium atrosepticum is a phytopathogen of economic importance as it is the causative agent of potato blackleg and soft rot. Here we describe the Pectobacterium phage vB_PatP_CB5 (abbreviated as CB5), which specifically infects the bacterium. The bacteriophage is characterized in detail and TEM micrographs indicate that it belongs to the Podoviridae family. CB5 shares significant pairwise nucleotide identity (≥80%) with P. atrosepticum phages φM1, Peat1, and PP90 and also shares common genome organization. Phylograms constructed using conserved proteins and whole-genome comparison-based amino acid sequences show that these phages form a distinct clade within the Autographivirinae. They also possess conserved RNA polymerase recognition and specificity loop sequences. Their lysis cassette resembles that of KP34virus, containing in sequential order a U-spanin, a holin, and a signal⁻arrest⁻release (SAR) endolysin. However, they share low pairwise nucleotide identity with the type phage of the KP34virus genus, Klebsiella phage KP34. In addition, phage KP34 does not possess several conserved proteins associated with these P. atrosepticum phages. As such, we propose the allocation of phages CB5, Peat1, φM1, and PP90 to a separate new genus designated Phimunavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Buttimer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland.
| | - Alan Lucid
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland.
| | - Horst Neve
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner-Institut, 24103 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Charles M A P Franz
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner-Institut, 24103 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Jim O'Mahony
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland.
| | - Dann Turner
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK.
| | - Rob Lavigne
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Aidan Coffey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland.
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland.
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Bolduc B, Jang HB, Doulcier G, You ZQ, Roux S, Sullivan MB. vConTACT: an iVirus tool to classify double-stranded DNA viruses that infect Archaea and Bacteria. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3243. [PMID: 28480138 PMCID: PMC5419219 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Taxonomic classification of archaeal and bacterial viruses is challenging, yet also fundamental for developing a predictive understanding of microbial ecosystems. Recent identification of hundreds of thousands of new viral genomes and genome fragments, whose hosts remain unknown, requires a paradigm shift away from traditional classification approaches and towards the use of genomes for taxonomy. Here we revisited the use of genomes and their protein content as a means for developing a viral taxonomy for bacterial and archaeal viruses. A network-based analytic was evaluated and benchmarked against authority-accepted taxonomic assignments and found to be largely concordant. Exceptions were manually examined and found to represent areas of viral genome 'sequence space' that are under-sampled or prone to excessive genetic exchange. While both cases are poorly resolved by genome-based taxonomic approaches, the former will improve as viral sequence space is better sampled and the latter are uncommon. Finally, given the largely robust taxonomic capabilities of this approach, we sought to enable researchers to easily and systematically classify new viruses. Thus, we established a tool, vConTACT, as an app at iVirus, where it operates as a fast, highly scalable, user-friendly app within the free and powerful CyVerse cyberinfrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bolduc
- Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ho Bin Jang
- Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Guilhem Doulcier
- Institut de Biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), École normale supérieure, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- ESPCI, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Zhi-Qiang You
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Simon Roux
- Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Matthew B. Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Genomic characterization of bacteriophage vB_PcaP_PP2 infecting Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, a new member of a proposed genus in the subfamily Autographivirinae. Arch Virol 2017; 162:2441-2444. [PMID: 28409265 PMCID: PMC5506502 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3349-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriophage vB_PcaP_PP2 (PP2) is a novel virulent phage that infects the plant-pathogenic bacterium Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. PP2 phage has a 41,841-bp double-stranded DNA encoding 47 proteins, and it was identified as a member of the family Podoviridae by transmission electron microscopy. Nineteen of its open reading frames (ORFs) show homology to functional proteins, and 28 ORFs have been characterized as hypothetical proteins. PP2 phage is homologous to Cronobacter phage vB_CskP_GAP227 and Dev-CD-23823. Based on phylogenetic analysis, PP2 and its homologous bacteriophages form a new group within the subfamily Autographivirinae in the family Podoviridae, suggesting the need to establish a new genus. No lysogenic-cycle-related genes or bacterial toxins were identified.
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A Novel Bacteriophage Targeting Cronobacter sakazakii Is a Potential Biocontrol Agent in Foods. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 82:192-201. [PMID: 26497465 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01827-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cronobacter sakazakii is an important pathogen that causes high mortality in infants. Due to its occasional antibiotic resistance, a bacteriophage approach might be an alternative effective method for the control of this pathogen. To develop a novel biocontrol agent using bacteriophages, the C. sakazakii-infecting phage CR5 was newly isolated and characterized. Interestingly, this phage exhibited efficient and relatively durable host lysis activity. In addition, a specific gene knockout study and subsequent complementation experiment revealed that this phage infected the host strain using the bacterial flagella. The complete genome sequence analysis of phage CR5 showed that its genome contains 223,989 bp of DNA, including 231 predicted open reading frames (ORFs), and it has a G+C content of 50.06%. The annotated ORFs were classified into six functional groups (structure, packaging, host lysis, DNA manipulation, transcription, and additional functions); no gene was found to be related to virulence or toxin or lysogen formation, but >80% of the predicted ORFs are unknown. In addition, a phage proteomic analysis using SDS-PAGE and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) revealed that seven phage structural proteins are indeed present, supporting the ORF predictions. To verify the potential of this phage as a biocontrol agent against C. sakazakii, it was added to infant formula milk contaminated with a C. sakazakii clinical isolate or food isolate, revealing complete growth inhibition of the isolates by the addition of phage CR5 when the multiplicity of infection (MOI) was 10(5).
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Kajsík M, Oslanecová L, Szemes T, Hýblová M, Bilková A, Drahovská H, Turňa J. Characterization and genome sequence of Dev2, a new T7-like bacteriophage infecting Cronobacter turicensis. Arch Virol 2014; 159:3013-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-014-2173-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Efficiency of bacteriophage therapy against Cronobacter sakazakii in Galleria mellonella (greater wax moth) larvae. Arch Virol 2014; 159:2253-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-014-2055-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Tall BD, Chen Y, Yan Q, Gopinath GR, Grim CJ, Jarvis KG, Fanning S, Lampel KA. Cronobacter: an emergent pathogen causing meningitis to neonates through their feeds. Sci Prog 2014; 97:154-72. [PMID: 25108996 PMCID: PMC10365370 DOI: 10.3184/003685014x13994743930498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The recognition of Cronobacter as a public health concern was raised when powdered infant formula (PIF) was linked to several neonatal meningitis outbreaks. It is an opportunistic pathogen that causes necrotising enterocolitis, infantile septicaemia, and meningitis which carries a high mortality rate among neonates. It has been also linked with cases of infection in adults and elderly. Over the past decade, much focus has been made on developing sensitive and specific characterisation, detection, and isolation methods to ascertain the quality of foods, notably contamination of PIF with Cronobacter and to understand its ability to cause disease. Whole genome sequencing has unveiled several putative virulence factors, yet the full capacity of the pathogenesis of Cronobacter has not yet been elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben D. Tall
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration in Laurel, Maryland
| | - Yi Chen
- FDA in College Park, Maryland
| | | | - Gopal R. Gopinath
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, FDA, in Laurel, Maryland
| | | | - Karen G. Jarvis
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, FDA, in Laurel, Maryland
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Lynch KH, Abdu AH, Schobert M, Dennis JJ. Genomic characterization of JG068, a novel virulent podovirus active against Burkholderia cenocepacia. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:574. [PMID: 23978260 PMCID: PMC3765740 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As is true for many other antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative pathogens, members of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) are currently being assessed for their susceptibility to phage therapy as an antimicrobial treatment. The objective of this study was to perform genomic and limited functional characterization of the novel BCC phage JG068 (vB_BceP_JG068). RESULTS JG068 is a podovirus that forms large, clear plaques on Burkholderia cenocepacia K56-2. Host range analysis indicates that this phage can infect environmental, clinical, and epidemic isolates of Burkholderia multivorans, B. cenocepacia, Burkholderia stabilis, and Burkholderia dolosa, likely through interaction with the host lipopolysaccharide as a receptor. The JG068 chromosome is 41,604 base pairs (bp) in length and is flanked by 216 bp short direct terminal repeats. Gene expression originates from both host and phage promoters and is in the forward direction for all 49 open reading frames. The genome sequence shows similarity to Ralstonia phage ϕRSB1, Caulobacter phage Cd1, and uncharacterized genetic loci of blood disease bacterium R229 and Burkholderia pseudomallei 1710b. CoreGenesUniqueGenes analysis indicates that JG068 belongs to the Autographivirinae subfamily and ϕKMV-like phages genus. Modules within the genome encode proteins involved in DNA-binding, morphogenesis, and lysis, but none associated with pathogenicity or lysogeny. Similar to the signal-arrest-release (SAR) endolysin of ϕKMV, inducible expression of the JG068 SAR endolysin causes lysis of Escherichia coli that is dependent on the presence of an N-terminal signal sequence. In an in vivo assay using the Galleria mellonella infection model, treatment of B. cenocepacia K56-2-infected larvae with JG068 results in a significant increase in larval survival. CONCLUSIONS As JG068 has a broad host range, does not encode virulence factors, is obligately lytic, and has activity against an epidemic B. cenocepacia strain in vivo, this phage is a highly promising candidate for BCC phage therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlene H Lynch
- Department of Biological Sciences, 6–008 Centennial Centre for Interdisciplinary Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9 Canada
| | - Ashraf H Abdu
- Department of Biological Sciences, 6–008 Centennial Centre for Interdisciplinary Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9 Canada
| | - Max Schobert
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jonathan J Dennis
- Department of Biological Sciences, 6–008 Centennial Centre for Interdisciplinary Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9 Canada
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