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Salazar S, Starck MF, Villegas MF, Acosta J, Sánchez O, Ramos E, Nova-Lamperti E, Toledo JR, Gädicke P, Ruiz Á, González A, Montesino R. New Formulation of a Subunit Vaccine Candidate against Lawsonia intracellularis Increases Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1817. [PMID: 38140221 PMCID: PMC10747550 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we designed a subunit vaccine candidate based on three L. intracellularis antigens with promising results in pigs. In this study, antigens were produced individually to achieve an even antigen ratio in the formulation. The emulsion characterization included the drop size and the mechanical and thermal stability. Immune response was evaluated by indirect and sandwich ELISAs, qPCR, and flow cytometry. The vaccine candidate's safety was assessed by histopathology and monitoring the clinical behavior of animals. The average production yielded for the chimeric antigen as inclusion bodies was around 75 mg/L. The formulation showed mechanical and thermal stability, with a ratio Hu/Ho > 0.85 and a drop size under 0.15 nm. Antigens formulated at a ratio of 1:1:1 induced a significant immune response in inoculated pigs that persisted until the end of the experiment (week 14). The dose of 200 μg significantly activated cellular response measured by transcriptional and translational levels of cytokines. The cell proliferation assay revealed an increment of lymphocytes T CD4+ at the same dose. Animals gained weight constantly and showed proper clinical behavior during immunization assays. This research demonstrated the immunological robustness of the new subunit vaccine candidate against Porcine Proliferative Enteropathy evenly formulated with three chimeric antigens of L. intracellularis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Salazar
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, Concepción P.O. Box 160-C, Chile; (S.S.); (M.F.S.); (M.F.V.); (J.A.); (E.R.); (J.R.T.)
| | - María Francisca Starck
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, Concepción P.O. Box 160-C, Chile; (S.S.); (M.F.S.); (M.F.V.); (J.A.); (E.R.); (J.R.T.)
| | - Milton F. Villegas
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, Concepción P.O. Box 160-C, Chile; (S.S.); (M.F.S.); (M.F.V.); (J.A.); (E.R.); (J.R.T.)
| | - Jannel Acosta
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, Concepción P.O. Box 160-C, Chile; (S.S.); (M.F.S.); (M.F.V.); (J.A.); (E.R.); (J.R.T.)
| | - Oliberto Sánchez
- Pharmacology Department, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, Concepción P.O. Box 160-C, Chile;
| | - Eduardo Ramos
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, Concepción P.O. Box 160-C, Chile; (S.S.); (M.F.S.); (M.F.V.); (J.A.); (E.R.); (J.R.T.)
| | - Estefanía Nova-Lamperti
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Pharmacy Faculty, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, Concepción P.O. Box 160-C, Chile;
| | - Jorge R. Toledo
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, Concepción P.O. Box 160-C, Chile; (S.S.); (M.F.S.); (M.F.V.); (J.A.); (E.R.); (J.R.T.)
| | - Paula Gädicke
- Pathology and Preventive Medicine Department, School of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Avenida Vicente Méndez 595, Chillan P.O. Box 537, Chile; (P.G.); (Á.R.)
| | - Álvaro Ruiz
- Pathology and Preventive Medicine Department, School of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Avenida Vicente Méndez 595, Chillan P.O. Box 537, Chile; (P.G.); (Á.R.)
| | - Alaín González
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Medellin, Cra. 87 No. 30-65, Medellin P.C. 050026, Antioquia, Colombia;
| | - Raquel Montesino
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, Concepción P.O. Box 160-C, Chile; (S.S.); (M.F.S.); (M.F.V.); (J.A.); (E.R.); (J.R.T.)
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Bohlin AM, Olsen SN, Laursen SH, Öhman A, van Galen G. Lawsonia intracellularis associated equine proliferative enteropathy in Danish weanling foals. Acta Vet Scand 2019; 61:12. [PMID: 30850006 PMCID: PMC6407178 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-019-0447-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lawsonia intracellularis, an obligate intracellular bacterium, causes equine proliferative enteropathy, mainly in horses around weaning. This disease is rarely reported in the Scandinavian countries. Results Five cases of equine proliferative enteropathy were diagnosed between 2008–2016 at the University of Copenhagen Large Animal Teaching Hospital. Cases were Danish Warmbloods and a Friesian horse, aged 6–7 months, presenting with typical clinical signs of lethargy, poor body condition, pyrexia and diarrhea. Clinical pathology was consistent with previous reports of severe hypoalbuminemia and leukocytosis. Diagnosis was confirmed by fecal polymerase chain reaction, serum immunomonolayer peroxidase assay and/or immunofluorescence and fluorescence in situ hybridization performed on formalin-fixed ileum samples. Concurrent intestinal parasitism was present in all five cases. Treatment consisted of antimicrobial therapy, anti-inflammatories, intravenous crystalloids and plasma. Three foals were euthanised due to deterioration and poor response to treatment, one with complications of septic arthritis and Strongylus vulgaris associated intestinal infarct. The other two foals survived and were reported by the owners to be healthy on long-term follow-up. Conclusions Equine proliferative enteropathy is a disease to consider in young horses presenting with diarrhea and hypoproteinemia in Denmark.
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Draft Genome Sequences of Lawsonia intracellularis Swine Strains Causing Proliferative Enteropathy in Japan. Microbiol Resour Announc 2018; 7:MRA01021-18. [PMID: 30533927 PMCID: PMC6256519 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01021-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The draft genome sequences of three strains of Lawsonia intracellularis, an obligate intracellular animal pathogen responsible for causing proliferative enteropathy, obtained from swine in different prefectures in Japan revealed the absence of a genomic island previously reported to be linked to host adaptation and to high genomic diversity, despite geographical proximity. The draft genome sequences of three strains of Lawsonia intracellularis, an obligate intracellular animal pathogen responsible for causing proliferative enteropathy, obtained from swine in different prefectures in Japan revealed the absence of a genomic island previously reported to be linked to host adaptation and to high genomic diversity, despite geographical proximity.
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Karuppannan AK, Opriessnig T. Lawsonia intracellularis: Revisiting the Disease Ecology and Control of This Fastidious Pathogen in Pigs. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:181. [PMID: 30140680 PMCID: PMC6095029 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lawsonia intracellularis is an anaerobic obligate intracellular bacterium infecting the small intestine and infrequently also the large intestine of pigs and other animals including hamsters and horses. The infection is characterized by proliferation, hemorrhage, necrosis, or any combination commonly referred to as "ileitis," affecting the health and production efficacy of farmed pigs. Despite decades of research on this pathogen, the pathogenesis and virulence factors of this organism are not clearly known. In pigs, prophylaxis against L. intracellularis infection is achieved by either administration of subtherapeutic levels of in-feed antibiotic growth promoters or vaccination. While the former approach is considered to be effective in L. intracellularis control, potential regulations on subtherapeutic antibiotics in many countries in the near future may necessitate alternative approaches. The potential of manipulating the gut microbiome of pigs with feed ingredients or supplements to control L. intracellularis disease burden is promising based on the current understanding of the porcine gut microbiome in general, as well as preliminary insights into the disease ecology of L. intracellularis infection accrued over the last 30 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbu K. Karuppannan
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Tanja Opriessnig
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- The Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
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