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Liu S, Sappington TW, Coates BS, Bonning BC. Sequences Encoding a Novel Toursvirus Identified from Southern and Northern Corn Rootworms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Viruses 2022; 14:v14020397. [PMID: 35215990 PMCID: PMC8879594 DOI: 10.3390/v14020397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sequences derived from a novel toursvirus were identified from pooled genomic short read data from U.S. populations of southern corn rootworm (SCR, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber) and northern corn rootworm (NCR, Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence). Most viral sequences were identified from the SCR genomic dataset. As proteins encoded by toursvirus sequences from SCR and NCR were almost identical, the contig sets from SCR and NCR were combined to generate 26 contigs. A total of 108,176 bp were assembled from these contigs, with 120 putative toursviral ORFs identified indicating that most of the viral genome had been recovered. These ORFs included all 40 genes that are common to members of the Ascoviridae. Two genes typically present in Ascoviridae (ATP binding cassette transport system permeases and Baculovirus repeated open reading frame), were not detected. There was evidence for transposon insertion in viral sequences at different sites in the two host species. Phylogenetic analyses based on a concatenated set of 45 translated protein sequences clustered toursviruses into a distinct clade. Based on the combined evidence, we propose taxonomic separation of toursviruses from Ascoviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijun Liu
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Thomas W. Sappington
- Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (T.W.S.); (B.S.C.)
| | - Brad S. Coates
- Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (T.W.S.); (B.S.C.)
| | - Bryony C. Bonning
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Correspondence:
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Paddock KJ, Robert CAM, Erb M, Hibbard BE. Western Corn Rootworm, Plant and Microbe Interactions: A Review and Prospects for New Management Tools. INSECTS 2021; 12:171. [PMID: 33671118 PMCID: PMC7922318 DOI: 10.3390/insects12020171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, is resistant to four separate classes of traditional insecticides, all Bacillius thuringiensis (Bt) toxins currently registered for commercial use, crop rotation, innate plant resistance factors, and even double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) targeting essential genes via environmental RNA interference (RNAi), which has not been sold commercially to date. Clearly, additional tools are needed as management options. In this review, we discuss the state-of-the-art knowledge about biotic factors influencing herbivore success, including host location and recognition, plant defensive traits, plant-microbe interactions, and herbivore-pathogens/predator interactions. We then translate this knowledge into potential new management tools and improved biological control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J. Paddock
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Christelle A. M. Robert
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013 Bern, Switzerland; (C.A.M.R.); (M.E.)
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Erb
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013 Bern, Switzerland; (C.A.M.R.); (M.E.)
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bruce E. Hibbard
- Plant Genetics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Liu S, Sappington TW, Coates BS, Bonning BC. Nudivirus Sequences Identified from the Southern and Western Corn Rootworms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Viruses 2021; 13:v13020269. [PMID: 33572446 PMCID: PMC7916170 DOI: 10.3390/v13020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis of pooled genomic short read sequence data revealed the presence of nudivirus-derived sequences from U.S. populations of both southern corn rootworm (SCR, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber) and western corn rootworm (WCR, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte). A near complete nudivirus genome sequence was assembled from sequence data for an SCR population with relatively high viral titers. A total of 147,179 bp was assembled from five contigs that collectively encode 109 putative open reading frames (ORFs) including 20 nudivirus core genes. In contrast, genome sequence recovery was incomplete for a second nudivirus from WCR, although sequences derived from this virus were present in three geographically dispersed populations. Only 48,989 bp were assembled with 48 putative ORFs including 13 core genes, representing about 20% of a typical nudivirus genome. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that both corn rootworm nudiviruses grouped with the third known nudivirus of beetles, Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus in the genus Alphanudivirus. On the basis of phylogenetic and additional analyses, we propose further taxonomic separation of nudiviruses within Alphanudivirus and Betanudivirus into two subfamilies and five genera. Identification of nudivirus-derived sequences from two species of corn rootworm highlights the diversity of viruses associated with these agricultural insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijun Liu
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Thomas W. Sappington
- Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (T.W.S.); (B.S.C.)
| | - Brad S. Coates
- Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (T.W.S.); (B.S.C.)
| | - Bryony C. Bonning
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Correspondence:
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Genome Sequence of a Small RNA Virus of the Southern Corn Rootworm, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Microbiol Resour Announc 2020; 9:9/26/e00379-20. [PMID: 32586857 PMCID: PMC7317097 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00379-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The genome sequence of a novel small RNA virus, tentatively named Diabrotica undecimpunctata virus 1 (DuV1), was discovered from the transcriptome of the southern corn rootworm, Diabrotica undecimpunctatahowardi Barber. DuV1 has a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome that encodes a single polyprotein of 3,401 amino acids with limited similarity to other viruses. The genome sequence of a novel small RNA virus, tentatively named Diabrotica undecimpunctata virus 1 (DuV1), was discovered from the transcriptome of the southern corn rootworm, Diabrotica undecimpunctatahowardi Barber. DuV1 has a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome that encodes a single polyprotein of 3,401 amino acids with limited similarity to other viruses.
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Liu S, Valencia-Jiménez A, Darlington M, Vélez AM, Bonning BC. Diabrotica undecimpunctata virus 2, a Novel Small RNA Virus Discovered from Southern Corn Rootworm, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Microbiol Resour Announc 2020; 9:e00380-20. [PMID: 32586858 PMCID: PMC7317098 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00380-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The genome of Diabrotica undecimpunctata virus 2 (DuV2), a putative positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus identified from the southern corn rootworm transcriptome, comprises 5,313 nucleotides, including a short poly(A) tail. The two open reading frames encode a nonstructural polyprotein (p156) and a putative capsid protein (p25).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijun Liu
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Arnubio Valencia-Jiménez
- Departamento de Producción Agropecuaria, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Molly Darlington
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Ana M Vélez
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Bryony C Bonning
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Ludwick DC, Ericsson AC, Meihls LN, Gregory MLJ, Finke DL, Coudron TA, Hibbard BE, Shelby KS. Survey of bacteria associated with western corn rootworm life stages reveals no difference between insects reared in different soils. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15332. [PMID: 31653954 PMCID: PMC6814711 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51870-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) is a serious pest of maize (Zea mays L.) in North America and parts of Europe. With most of its life cycle spent in the soil feeding on maize root tissues, this insect is likely to encounter and interact with a wide range of soil and rhizosphere microbes. Our knowledge of the role of microbes in pest management and plant health remains woefully incomplete, yet that knowledge could play an important role in effective pest management strategies. For this study, insects were reared on maize in soils from different locations. Insects from two different laboratory colonies (a diapausing and a non-diapausing colony) were sampled at each life stage to determine the possible core bacteriome. Additionally, soil was sampled at each life stage and resulting bacteria were identified to determine the possible contribution of soil to the rootworm bacteriome, if any. We analyzed the V4 hypervariable region of bacterial 16S rRNA genes with Illumina MiSeq to survey the different species of bacteria associated with the insects and the soils. The bacterial community associated with insects was significantly different from that in the soil. Some differences appear to exist between insects from non-diapausing and diapausing colonies while no significant differences in community composition existed between the insects reared on different soils. Despite differences in the bacteria present in immature stages and in male and female adults, there is a possible core bacteriome of approximately 16 operational taxonomic units (i.e., present across all life stages). This research may provide insights into Bt resistance development, improved nutrition in artificial rearing systems, and new management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron C Ericsson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Lisa N Meihls
- USDA-ARS, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | | | - Deborah L Finke
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Thomas A Coudron
- USDA-ARS, 1503 S. Providence Rd., Columbia, MO, 65203, USA.,Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Bruce E Hibbard
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,USDA-ARS, 205 Curtis Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Kent S Shelby
- USDA-ARS, 1503 S. Providence Rd., Columbia, MO, 65203, USA. .,Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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Davis-Vogel C, Ortiz A, Procyk L, Robeson J, Kassa A, Wang Y, Huang E, Walker C, Sethi A, Nelson ME, Sashital DG. Knockdown of RNA interference pathway genes impacts the fitness of western corn rootworm. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7858. [PMID: 29777111 PMCID: PMC5959937 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26129-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) is a serious agricultural pest known for its high adaptability to various management strategies, giving rise to a continual need for new control options. Transgenic maize expressing insecticidal RNAs represents a novel mode of action for rootworm management that is dependent on the RNA interference (RNAi) pathways of the insect for efficacy. Preliminary evidence suggests that western corn rootworm could develop broad resistance to all insecticidal RNAs through changes in RNAi pathway genes; however, the likelihood of field-evolved resistance occurring through this mechanism remains unclear. In the current study, eight key genes involved in facilitating interference in the microRNA and small interfering RNA pathways were targeted for knockdown in order to evaluate impact on fitness of western corn rootworm. These genes include drosha, dicer-1, dicer-2, pasha, loquacious, r2d2, argonaute 1, and argonaute 2. Depletion of targeted transcripts in rootworm larvae led to changes in microRNA expression, decreased ability to pupate, reduced adult beetle emergence, and diminished reproductive capacity. The observed effects do not support evolution of resistance through changes in expression of these eight genes due to reduced insect fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Davis-Vogel
- Research and Development, DuPont Pioneer, 7300 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA, USA.
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, 2437 Pammel Dr., Ames, IA, USA.
| | - Angel Ortiz
- Research and Development, DuPont Pioneer, 7300 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA, USA
| | - Lisa Procyk
- Research and Development, DuPont Pioneer, 7300 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA, USA
| | - Jonathan Robeson
- Research and Development, DuPont Pioneer, 7300 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA, USA
| | - Adane Kassa
- Research and Development, DuPont Pioneer, 7300 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA, USA
| | - Yiwei Wang
- Research and Development, DuPont Pioneer, 7300 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA, USA
| | - Emily Huang
- Research and Development, DuPont Pioneer, 7300 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA, USA
| | - Carl Walker
- Research and Development, DuPont Pioneer, 7300 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA, USA
| | - Amit Sethi
- Research and Development, DuPont Pioneer, 7300 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA, USA
| | - Mark E Nelson
- Research and Development, DuPont Pioneer, 7300 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA, USA
| | - Dipali G Sashital
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, 2437 Pammel Dr., Ames, IA, USA
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