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Nath C, Hossain MS, Ahaduzzaman M. First molecular detection of avian polyomavirus from captive psittacine birds in Bangladesh, together with confirmation of beak and feather disease virus co-infection. Virusdisease 2023; 34:440-445. [PMID: 37780906 PMCID: PMC10533433 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-023-00829-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian polyomavirus (APV) is an emerging pathogen in many parts of the world responsible for causing significant mortality in captive psittacine birds. The virus spreads slowly, and transboundary movement of birds is one of the potential risk factors for the virus introduction in the naïve population. Bangladesh allows the import of birds, however there is currently no surveillance to screen for APV. Since we confirmed beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) infection in the captive population in our earlier investigation, we hypothesized that APV may also be circulating in Bangladesh. Feather samples were collected from 100 birds (90 psittacine and 10 non-psittacine). The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect viral DNA together with sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. This first pilot study confirmed the presence (7%, 7/100) of APV in captive psittacine birds of Bangladesh and almost half (4%, 4/100) of the APV positive birds had the BFDV co-infection. All the PCR-positive birds were asymptomatic and found in live bird markets (LBMs). No significant variation was observed in the detection rate considering species (P = 0.94), age (P = 0.39) or sex (P = 0.55) of birds. According to the results of the phylogenetic study, the APV isolates found in Bangladesh appear to be unrelated to isolates from other geographical areas. These findings provide an evidence of APV circulating in Bangladesh, with or without the co-infection of BFDV. Additional studies are needed to investigate the occurrence of APV/BFDV co-infection in the larger population of Bangladesh and in countries where transboundary bird interaction with Bangladesh may be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Nath
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Md Saddam Hossain
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ahaduzzaman
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Chattogram, Bangladesh
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2
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Sarker S, Athukorala A, Phalen DN. Genome Sequence of a Beak and Feather Disease Virus from an Unusual Novel Host, Australian Boobook Owl (Ninox boobook). Microbiol Resour Announc 2022; 11:e0017222. [PMID: 35319253 PMCID: PMC9022591 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00172-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) is a pathogen of psittacine birds. BFDVs infecting nonpsittacine birds remain largely uncharacterized. We report the genome of a BFDV from a boobook owl (Ninox boobook), a nonpsittacine bird. The genome consisted of 1,993 bp containing two major bidirectionally transcribed open reading frames.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subir Sarker
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ajani Athukorala
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David N. Phalen
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Schubot Exotic Bird Health, Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas, USA
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3
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Mohamed M, El-Sabagh I, Vashi Y, Jagrit V, Elmonem Salem MA, Al-Ramadan MA, Al-Ali AM, Kumar S. Analysis of the beak and feather disease viral genome indicates evidence of multiple introduction events into Saudi Arabia. Virus Res 2020; 295:198279. [PMID: 33387603 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD), caused by beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) is a highly contagious disease in wild and captive psittacine populations and has an almost global presence. However, the BFDV infection in Saudi Arabia remains largely unknown. In the present study, we report the full genome sequence of BFDV strains from Saudi Arabia and its genetic diversity. The complete genome sequences were analyzed for 14 BFDV-infected birds representing 6 psittacine species. The complete genome sequence of BFDV strains was compared with 201 previously reported sequences to evaluate their diversity and possible recombination events, if any. Our analysis revealed that newly sequenced BFDV genomes from Saudi Arabia belonged to six different strains. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the isolated BFDV genomes were highly recombinant with a high degree of diversity. It is evident from the study that psittacine species in Saudi Arabia are at risk from the spread of BFDV. As per the CITES trade database, about 190,000 parrots have been imported to Saudi Arabia since 1975 over a thousand instances. Presumably, during any of these trade events or unregulated trade of birds has predisposed the introduction of BFDV to Saudi Arabia. Understanding the epidemiology of BFDV is necessitated to address the threat posed by the virus to the psittacine population of Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Mohamed
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O Box: 400, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia; Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim El-Sabagh
- Central Biotechnology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O Box: 400, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia; Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Yoya Vashi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Vipin Jagrit
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Mohamed Abd Elmonem Salem
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O Box: 400, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - M A Al-Ramadan
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, King Faisal University, P.O Box: 400, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Al-Ali
- Central Biotechnology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O Box: 400, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
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Sutherland M, Sarker S, Vaz PK, Legione AR, Devlin JM, Macwhirter PL, Whiteley PL, Raidal SR. Disease surveillance in wild Victorian cacatuids reveals co-infection with multiple agents and detection of novel avian viruses. Vet Microbiol 2019; 235:257-264. [PMID: 31383310 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Wild birds are known reservoirs of bacterial and viral pathogens, some of which have zoonotic potential. This poses a risk to both avian and human health, since spillover into domestic bird populations may occur. In Victoria, wild-caught cockatoos trapped under licence routinely enter commercial trade. The circovirus Beak and Feather Disease Virus (BFDV), herpesviruses, adenoviruses and Chlamydia psittaci have been identified as significant pathogens of parrots globally, with impacts on both aviculture and the conservation efforts of endangered species. In this study, we describe the results of surveillance for psittacid herpesviruses (PsHVs), psittacine adenovirus (PsAdV), BFDV and C. psittaci in wild cacatuids in Victoria, Australia. Samples were collected from 55 birds of four species, and tested using genus or family-wide polymerase chain reaction methods coupled with sequencing and phylogenetic analyses for detection and identification of known and novel pathogens. There were no clinically observed signs of illness in most of the live birds in this study (96.3%; n = 53). Beak and Feather Disease Virus was detected with a prevalence of 69.6% (95% CI 55.2-80.9). Low prevalences of PsHV (1.81%; 95% CI 0.3-9.6), PsAdV (1.81%; 95% CI 0.3-9.6), and C. psittaci (1.81%; 95% CI 0.3-9.6) was detected. Importantly, a novel avian alphaherpesvirus and a novel avian adenovirus were detected in a little corella (Cacatua sanguinea) co-infected with BFDV and C. psittaci. The presence of multiple potential pathogens detected in a single bird presents an example of the ease with which such infectious agents may enter the pet trade and how novel viruses circulating in wild populations have the potential for transmission into captive birds. Genomic identification of previously undescribed avian viruses is important to further our understanding of their epidemiology, facilitating management of biosecurity aspects of the domestic and international bird trade, and conservation efforts of vulnerable species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Sutherland
- Burwood Bird and Animal Hospital, 128 Highbury Rd, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia.
| | - Subir Sarker
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia; School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia.
| | - Paola K Vaz
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia.
| | - Alistair R Legione
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia.
| | - Joanne M Devlin
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia.
| | - Patricia L Macwhirter
- Greencross Vets Springvale, 570 Springvale Rd, Springvale South, Vic 3172, Australia.
| | - Pamela L Whiteley
- Wildlife Health Victoria: Surveillance, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Vic 3030, Australia.
| | - Shane R Raidal
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia.
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Fogell DJ, Martin RO, Bunbury N, Lawson B, Sells J, McKeand AM, Tatayah V, Trung CT, Groombridge JJ. Trade and conservation implications of new beak and feather disease virus detection in native and introduced parrots. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2018; 32:1325-1335. [PMID: 30152576 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD), caused by Beak and feather disease virus (BFDV), has spread rapidly around the world, raising concerns for threatened species conservation and biosecurity associated with the global pet bird trade. The virus has been reported in several wild parrot populations, but data are lacking for many taxa and geographical areas with high parrot endemism. We aimed to advance understanding of BFDV distribution in many data-deficient areas and determine phylogenetic and biogeographic associations of the virus in 5 parrot species across Africa, the Indian Ocean islands, Asia, and Europe and focused specifically on the highly traded and invasive Psittacula krameri. Blood, feather, and tissue samples were screened for BFDV through standard polymerase chain reaction. Isolates obtained from positive individuals were then analyzed in a maximum likelihood phylogeny along with all other publically available global BFDV sequences. We detected BFDV in 8 countries where it was not known to occur previously, indicating the virus is more widely distributed than currently recognized. We documented for the first time the presence of BFDV in wild populations of P. krameri within its native range in Asia and Africa. We detected BFDV among introduced P. krameri in Mauritius and the Seychelles, raising concerns for island endemic species in the region. Phylogenetic relationships between viral sequences showed likely pathways of transmission between populations in southern Asia and western Africa. A high degree of phylogenetic relatedness between viral variants from geographically distant populations suggests recent introductions, likely driven by global trade. These findings highlight the need for effective regulation of international trade in live parrots, particularly in regions with high parrot endemism or vulnerable taxa where P. krameri could act as a reservoir host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J Fogell
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NZ, U.K
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regents Park, London, NW1 4RY, U.K
| | - Rowan O Martin
- World Parrot Trust, Africa Programme, Glanmor House, Hayle, Cornwall, TR27 4HB, U.K
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nancy Bunbury
- Seychelles Islands Foundation, Victoria, Mahé, Republic of Seychelles
| | - Becki Lawson
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regents Park, London, NW1 4RY, U.K
| | - James Sells
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NZ, U.K
| | - Alison M McKeand
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NZ, U.K
| | - Vikash Tatayah
- Mauritian Wildlife Foundation, Grannum Road, Vacoas, Mauritius
| | - Cao Tien Trung
- Biology Faculty, Vinh University, 182 Le Duan Street, Vinh City, Vietnam
| | - Jim J Groombridge
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NZ, U.K
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6
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Raidal SR, Sarker S, Peters A. Review of psittacine beak and feather disease and its effect on Australian endangered species. Aust Vet J 2016; 93:466-70. [PMID: 26769072 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since it was first described in the early 1980s, psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD) has become recognised as the dominant viral pathogen of psittacine birds in Australia. Our aim was to evaluate and review the effect of PBFD and its position as a key threatening process to Australian psittacine bird species. We review the origin/evolutionary pathways and potential threat of PBFD to endangered psittacine bird populations and captive-breeding flocks. CONCLUSIONS The most recent beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) phylogenetic analyses indicate that all endangered Australian psittacine bird species are susceptible to, and equally likely to be infected by, BFDV genotypes from a range of host psittacine species. Management of the disease in captive-breeding programs has relied on testing and culling, which has proven costly. The risk of PBFD should be considered very carefully by management teams contemplating the establishment of captive-breeding flocks for endangered species. Alternative disease prevention tools, including vaccination, which are increasingly being used in wildlife health, should be considered more seriously for managing and preventing PBFD in captive flocks of critically endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Raidal
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia. .,Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (NSW Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University), Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia.
| | - S Sarker
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia.,Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (NSW Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University), Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - A Peters
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia.,Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (NSW Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University), Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
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7
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Fogell DJ, Martin RO, Groombridge JJ. Beak and feather disease virus in wild and captive parrots: an analysis of geographic and taxonomic distribution and methodological trends. Arch Virol 2016; 161:2059-74. [PMID: 27151279 PMCID: PMC4947100 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2871-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD) has emerged in recent years as a major threat to wild parrot populations and is an increasing concern to aviculturists and managers of captive populations. Pathological and serological tests for screening for the presence of beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) are a critical component of efforts to manage the disease and of epidemiological studies. Since the disease was first reported in the mid-1970s, screening for BFDV has been conducted in numerous wild and captive populations. However, at present, there is no current and readily accessible synthesis of screening efforts and their results. Here, we consolidate information collected from 83 PBFD- and BFDV-based publications on the primary screening methods being used and identify important knowledge gaps regarding potential global disease hotspots. We present trends in research intensity in this field and critically discuss advances in screening techniques and their applications to both aviculture and to the management of threatened wild populations. Finally, we provide an overview of estimates of BFDV prevalence in captive and wild flocks alongside a complete list of all psittacine species in which the virus has been confirmed. Our evaluation highlights the need for standardised diagnostic tests and more emphasis on studies of wild populations, particularly in view of the intrinsic connection between global trade in companion birds and the spread of novel BFDV strains into wild populations. Increased emphasis should be placed on the screening of captive and wild parrot populations within their countries of origin across the Americas, Africa and Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J Fogell
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NZ, UK.
| | - Rowan O Martin
- World Parrot Trust, Glanmor House, Hayle, Cornwall, TR27 4HB, UK.,Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jim J Groombridge
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NZ, UK
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8
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Sarker S, Forwood JK, Ghorashi SA, Peters A, Raidal SR. Beak and feather disease virus genotypes in Australian parrots reveal flexible host-switching. Aust Vet J 2015; 93:471-5. [DOI: 10.1111/avj.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Sarker
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences; Charles Sturt University; Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (NSW Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University); Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
| | - JK Forwood
- School of Biomedical Sciences; Charles Sturt University; Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (NSW Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University); Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
| | - SA Ghorashi
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences; Charles Sturt University; Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (NSW Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University); Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
| | - A Peters
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences; Charles Sturt University; Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (NSW Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University); Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
| | - SR Raidal
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences; Charles Sturt University; Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (NSW Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University); Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
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9
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Sarker S, Ghorashi SA, Swarbrick CM, Khandokar YB, Himiari Z, Forwood JK, Raidal SR. An efficient approach for recombinant expression and purification of the viral capsid protein from beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) in Escherichia coli. J Virol Methods 2015; 215-216:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Molecular Characterization of Genome Sequences of Beak and Feather Disease Virus from the Australian Twenty-Eight Parrot (Barnardius zonarius semitorquatus). GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2014; 2:2/6/e01255-14. [PMID: 25477410 PMCID: PMC4256191 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01255-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Three complete genomes of beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) were recovered from wild twenty-eight parrots (Polytelis anthopeplus monarchoides). The genomes consisted of 1,996 bp with 1,934 identical sites and a typically content stem-loop structure between ORF1 and ORF2. This is the first report of BFDV infection as well as the complete genome sequences for this host species globally.
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11
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Rapid genotyping of beak and feather disease virus using high-resolution DNA melt curve analysis. J Virol Methods 2014; 208:47-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Characterization of the Whole-Genome Sequence of a Beak and Feather Disease Virus Isolate from a Mallee Ringneck Parrot (Barnardius zonarius barnardi). GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2014; 2:2/4/e00708-14. [PMID: 25059866 PMCID: PMC4110224 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00708-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The complete genome sequence of beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) from a wild Australian Mallee ringneck parrot (Barnardius zonarius barnardi) was characterized. The genome consists of 1,995 nucleotides and encodes two major proteins in opposing directions. This is the first evidence of BFDV infectivity and the first complete genome sequence for this novel host.
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13
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Sarker S, Ghorashi SA, Forwood JK, Bent SJ, Peters A, Raidal SR. Phylogeny of beak and feather disease virus in cockatoos demonstrates host generalism and multiple-variant infections within Psittaciformes. Virology 2014; 460-461:72-82. [PMID: 25010272 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Phylogenetic analyses of the highly genetically diverse but antigenically conserved, single-stranded circular, DNA genome of the avian circovirus, beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) from cockatoo species throughout Australia demonstrated a high mutation rate for BFDV (orders of magnitude fall in the range of 10(-4) substitutions/site/year) along with strong support for recombination indicating active cross-species transmission in various subpopulations. Multiple variants of BFDV were demonstrated with at least 30 genotypic variants identified within nine individual birds, with one containing up to 7 variants. Single genetic variants were detected in feathers from 2 birds but splenic tissue provided further variants. The rich BFDV genetic diversity points to Australasia as the most likely geographical origin of this virus and supports flexible host switching. We propose this as evidence of Order-wide host generalism in the Psittaciformes characterised by high mutability that is buffered by frequent recombination and slow replication strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subir Sarker
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Boorooma Street, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678, Australia; Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, NSW Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University, Boorooma Street, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678, Australia.
| | - Seyed A Ghorashi
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Boorooma Street, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678, Australia; Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, NSW Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University, Boorooma Street, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678, Australia.
| | - Jade K Forwood
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Boorooma Street, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678, Australia; Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, NSW Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University, Boorooma Street, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678, Australia.
| | - Stephen J Bent
- Molecular and Biomedical Science, Faculty of Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Andrew Peters
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Boorooma Street, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678, Australia; Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, NSW Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University, Boorooma Street, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678, Australia.
| | - Shane R Raidal
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Boorooma Street, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678, Australia; Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, NSW Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University, Boorooma Street, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678, Australia.
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14
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Whole-Genome Sequence Characterization of a Beak and Feather Disease Virus in a Wild Regent Parrot (Polytelis anthopeplus monarchoides). GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2014; 2:2/1/e01243-13. [PMID: 24482518 PMCID: PMC3907733 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01243-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The whole-genome sequence of beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) from a wild Australian regent parrot (Polytelis anthopeplus monarchoides) was characterized. The genome consists of 1,993 bp and has a typical stem-loop structure between open reading frame 1 (ORF1) and ORF2. This is the first evidence of BFDV infection as well as the complete genome sequence for this host species, globally.
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