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Yun YJ, Song H, Kwon YK, Park CK, Kim HR. Genetic characterization of avian polyomaviruses identified from psittacine birds in South Korea. Avian Pathol 2023; 52:420-425. [PMID: 37565272 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2023.2247347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Budgerigar fledgling disease (BFD) is a contagious disease caused by avian polyomavirus (APV) in psittacine birds and causes high mortality rates. Here, eight APV-positive cases were confirmed from dead parrots or parrot tissue samples by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Full-length genome sequencing showed high nucleotide identity (98.84-100%) between the APV strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that two genogroups were cocirculating in South Korea. The nucleotide sequences of five strains, collected from different parrot species, were identical; however, pathological lesions were observed in only two parrots, both aged 2 months. Pathology included necrotic spots in the liver, subcutaneous haemorrhage, hepatomegaly, ascites, intranuclear inclusion bodies, hepatocyte karyomegaly, hepatic necrosis, and bile duct proliferation. This suggests that the pathogenicity of APV might be host age-dependent regardless of the host species. This study improves our understanding of APV pathogenicity and provides a more detailed genetic characterization of APV strains.RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Eight APV strains were identified in South Korea from 2019 to 2021.By phylogenetic analysis, South Korean APV strains were classified into two clades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Ji Yun
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - HyeSoon Song
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Kuk Kwon
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Choi-Kyu Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ryoung Kim
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
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Wang CW, Chen YL, Mao SJT, Lin TC, Wu CW, Thongchan D, Wang CY, Wu HY. Pathogenicity of Avian Polyomaviruses and Prospect of Vaccine Development. Viruses 2022; 14:v14092079. [PMID: 36146885 PMCID: PMC9505546 DOI: 10.3390/v14092079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyomaviruses are nonenveloped icosahedral viruses with a double-stranded circular DNA containing approximately 5000 bp and 5–6 open reading frames. In contrast to mammalian polyomaviruses (MPVs), avian polyomaviruses (APVs) exhibit high lethality and multipathogenicity, causing severe infections in birds without oncogenicity. APVs are classified into 10 major species: Adélie penguin polyomavirus, budgerigar fledgling disease virus, butcherbird polyomavirus, canary polyomavirus, cormorant polyomavirus, crow polyomavirus, Erythrura gouldiae polyomavirus, finch polyomavirus, goose hemorrhagic polyomavirus, and Hungarian finch polyomavirus under the genus Gammapolyomavirus. This paper briefly reviews the genomic structure and pathogenicity of the 10 species of APV and some of their differences in terms of virulence from MPVs. Each gene’s genomic size, number of amino acid residues encoding each gene, and key biologic functions are discussed. The rationale for APV classification from the Polyomavirdae family and phylogenetic analyses among the 10 APVs are also discussed. The clinical symptoms in birds caused by APV infection are summarized. Finally, the strategies for developing an effective vaccine containing essential epitopes for preventing virus infection in birds are discussed. We hope that more effective and safe vaccines with diverse protection will be developed in the future to solve or alleviate the problems of viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Wei Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
- International Degree Program in Animal Vaccine Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Liang Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuan Pei University of Medical Technology, Yuanpei Street, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Simon J. T. Mao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chieh Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
- International Degree Program in Animal Vaccine Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Wu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
- Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
| | - Duangsuda Thongchan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
- Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Surin Campus, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Chi-Young Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.W.); (H.-Y.W.); Tel.: +886-4-22840369 (ext. 48) (C.-Y.W.); +886-8-7703202 (ext. 5072) (H.-Y.W.)
| | - Hung-Yi Wu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.W.); (H.-Y.W.); Tel.: +886-4-22840369 (ext. 48) (C.-Y.W.); +886-8-7703202 (ext. 5072) (H.-Y.W.)
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Cho M, Kim H, Son HS. Codon usage patterns of LT-Ag genes in polyomaviruses from different host species. Virol J 2019; 16:137. [PMID: 31727090 PMCID: PMC6854729 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-019-1245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polyomaviruses (PyVs) have a wide range of hosts, from humans to fish, and their effects on hosts vary. The differences in the infection characteristics of PyV with respect to the host are assumed to be influenced by the biochemical function of the LT-Ag protein, which is related to the cytopathic effect and tumorigenesis mechanism via interaction with the host protein. Methods We carried out a comparative analysis of codon usage patterns of large T-antigens (LT-Ags) of PyVs isolated from various host species and their functional domains and sequence motifs. Parity rule 2 (PR2) and neutrality analysis were applied to evaluate the effects of mutation and selection pressure on codon usage bias. To investigate evolutionary relationships among PyVs, we carried out a phylogenetic analysis, and a correspondence analysis of relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) values was performed. Results Nucleotide composition analysis using LT-Ag gene sequences showed that the GC and GC3 values of avian PyVs were higher than those of mammalian PyVs. The effective number of codon (ENC) analysis showed host-specific ENC distribution characteristics in both the LT-Ag gene and the coding sequences of its domain regions. In the avian and fish PyVs, the codon diversity was significant, whereas the mammalian PyVs tended to exhibit conservative and host-specific evolution of codon usage bias. The results of our PR2 and neutrality analysis revealed mutation bias or highly variable GC contents by showing a narrow GC12 distribution and wide GC3 distribution in all sequences. Furthermore, the calculated RSCU values revealed differences in the codon usage preference of the LT-AG gene according to the host group. A similar tendency was observed in the two functional domains used in the analysis. Conclusions Our study showed that specific domains or sequence motifs of various PyV LT-Ags have evolved so that each virus protein interacts with host cell targets. They have also adapted to thrive in specific host species and cell types. Functional domains of LT-Ag, which are known to interact with host proteins involved in cell proliferation and gene expression regulation, may provide important information, as they are significantly related to the host specificity of PyVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongji Cho
- Laboratory of Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Institute of Public Health and Environment, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hayeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Kyungdong University, 815 Gyeonhwon-ro, Munmak, Wonju, Gangwondo, 24695, South Korea
| | - Hyeon S Son
- Laboratory of Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Institute of Public Health and Environment, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea. .,SNU Bioinformatics Institute, Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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Kessler S, Heenemann K, Krause T, Twietmeyer S, Fuchs J, Lierz M, Corman VM, Vahlenkamp TM, Rubbenstroth D. Monitoring of free-ranging and captive Psittacula populations in Western Europe for avian bornaviruses, circoviruses and polyomaviruses. Avian Pathol 2019; 49:119-130. [PMID: 31617746 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2019.1681359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Avian pathogens such as bornaviruses, circoviruses and polyomaviruses are widely distributed in captive collections of psittacine birds worldwide and can cause fatal diseases. In contrast, only little is known about their presence in free-ranging psittacines and their impact on these populations. Rose-ringed parakeets (Psittacula krameri) and Alexandrine parakeets (Psittacula eupatria) are non-native to Europe, but have established stable populations in parts of Western Europe. From 2012-2017, we surveyed free-ranging populations in Germany and France as well as captive Psittacula individuals from Germany and Spain for avian bornavirus, circovirus and polyomavirus infections. Samples from two out of 469 tested free-ranging birds (0.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI-95]: 0.1-1.5%) were positive for beak and feather disease virus (BeFDV), whereas avian bornaviruses and polyomaviruses were not detected in the free-ranging populations. In contrast, avian bornaviruses and polyomaviruses, but not circoviruses were detected in captive populations. Parrot bornavirus 4 (PaBV-4) infection was detected by RT-PCR in four out of 210 captive parakeets (1.9%; CI-95: 0.7-4.8%) from four different holdings in Germany and Spain and confirmed by detection of bornavirus-reactive antibodies in two of these birds. Three out of 160 tested birds (1.9%; CI-95: 0.5-5.4%) possessed serum antibodies directed against budgerigar fledgling disease virus (BuFDV). PaBV-4 and BuFDV were also detected in several psittacines of a mixed holding in Germany, which had been in contact with free-ranging parakeets. Our results demonstrate that Psittacula parakeets are susceptible to common psittacine pathogens and their populations in Western Europe are exposed to these viruses. Nevertheless, the prevalence of avian bornaviruses, circoviruses and polyomaviruses in those populations is very low.RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Psittacula parakeets are susceptible to bornavirus, circovirus and polyomavirus infection.Introduced Psittacula populations in Europe have been exposed to these viruses.Nevertheless, they may be absent or present at only low levels in free-ranging Psittacula populations.Free-ranging populations in Europe pose a minor threat of transmitting these viruses to captive Psittaciformes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Kessler
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kristin Heenemann
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias Krause
- City administration Düsseldorf - environmental authority, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sönke Twietmeyer
- Department of Research and Documentation, Eifel National Park, Schleiden-Gemünd, Germany
| | - Jérôme Fuchs
- ISYEB UMR 7205 Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Sorbonne Universités, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Michael Lierz
- Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Victor Max Corman
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Free University, Humboldt-University and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas M Vahlenkamp
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dennis Rubbenstroth
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
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Ma J, Wu R, Tian Y, Zhang M, Wang W, Li Y, Tian F, Cheng Y, Yan Y, Sun J. Isolation and characterization of an Aves polyomavirus 1 from diseased budgerigars in China. Vet Microbiol 2019; 237:108397. [PMID: 31585638 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Aves polyomavirus 1 (APV) causes inflammatory disease in psittacine birds, especially in young budgerigar. In this study, an APV virus (SD18 strain) was isolated from a diseased psittacine birds breeding facility. The full genome (4981 bp) of SD18 was determined and analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis of full genome sequences indicated all the APV strains form two groups. The SD18 strain showed close relationship with APV isolated from Poland, however, the other Chinese strains are located in group II, which suggested different genotypes APVs are co-circulating in China. Compared with the consensus sequence of APV full genome, the SD18 strain contains 13 nucleotide mutations, and 2 unique amino acid substitutions (R179M and Q382K) located in VP2/3 and Large T proteins. To explore the pathogenicity of the virus, the SD18 strain was used to challenge 2-week-old budgerigars. All infected birds died no later than 5 days post infection, and virus was detected in multiple organs including brain, heart, ingluvies, liver, and intestine, which indicated that SD18 is fatal and causes systemic infection in young budgerigar. In vitro studies showed that SD18 replicated efficiently in CEF cells and reached the highest viral titers at 9 days post infection. Notably, replication of SD18 stimulated IFN-β response in CEF cells and overexpression of the VP4 or VP4Delta proteins significantly inhibited IFN-β promoter activation, which could be the strategy of APV to escape from the host innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjiao Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Rujuan Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Shandong Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Weili Wang
- Jilin Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Shandong Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fulin Tian
- Shandong Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuqiang Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yaxian Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jianhe Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Complete Genome Sequence of an Avian Polyomavirus Strain First Isolated from a Pigeon in China. Microbiol Resour Announc 2019; 8:MRA01490-18. [PMID: 30863821 PMCID: PMC6406111 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01490-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian polyomavirus can infect multiple bird species and cause inflammatory disease with high mortality in young psittacine birds. In this study, we sequenced and analyzed an avian polyomavirus isolated from a pigeon in China, strain APV-P, which is closely related to a polyomavirus in psittacine birds. Avian polyomavirus can infect multiple bird species and cause inflammatory disease with high mortality in young psittacine birds. In this study, we sequenced and analyzed an avian polyomavirus isolated from a pigeon in China, strain APV-P, which is closely related to a polyomavirus in psittacine birds.
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Identification and genetic characterization of polyomaviruses in estrildid and fringillid finches. Arch Virol 2018; 163:895-909. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3688-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Biology, evolution, and medical importance of polyomaviruses: An update. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Polyomavirus Infection in Gouldian Finches (Erythrura gouldiae) and Other Pet Birds of the Family Estrildidae. J Comp Pathol 2017; 156:436-439. [PMID: 28238305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A syndrome characterized by apathy, diarrhoea and high mortality of nestlings was observed in a flock of pet birds of the family Estrildidae. Enlargement of the liver, pulmonary congestion and urate accretions in the kidney were observed. Microscopically, there was glomerular atrophy, oedema and congestion of the lungs and necrosis and fibrosis of the liver. Cowdry type B intranuclear inclusion bodies were detected in the tissues. Polyomavirus was detected by polymerase chain reaction. The entire genome of the virus was amplified and sequenced, revealing 99 % identity to the sequence of finch polyomavirus isolated from the Eurasian bullfinch (family Fringillidae).
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Complete Genome Sequence of a Variant Pyrrhula pyrrhula polyomavirus 1 Strain Isolated from White-Headed Munia (Lonchura maja). GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2016; 4:4/6/e01172-16. [PMID: 27908985 PMCID: PMC5137399 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01172-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel variant of finch polyomavirus has been identified and sequenced from a diseased white-headed munia (Lonchura maja).
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