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Nahar N, Tram G, Jen FEC, Phillips ZN, Weinert L, Bossé J, Jabbari J, Gouil Q, Du MM, Ritchie M, Bowden R, Langford P, Tucker A, Jennings M, Turni C, Blackall P, Atack J. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae encodes multiple phase-variable DNA methyltransferases that control distinct phasevarions. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:3240-3260. [PMID: 36840716 PMCID: PMC10123105 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the cause of porcine pleuropneumonia, a severe respiratory tract infection that is responsible for major economic losses to the swine industry. Many host-adapted bacterial pathogens encode systems known as phasevarions (phase-variable regulons). Phasevarions result from variable expression of cytoplasmic DNA methyltransferases. Variable expression results in genome-wide methylation differences within a bacterial population, leading to altered expression of multiple genes via epigenetic mechanisms. Our examination of a diverse population of A. pleuropneumoniae strains determined that Type I and Type III DNA methyltransferases with the hallmarks of phase variation were present in this species. We demonstrate that phase variation is occurring in these methyltransferases, and show associations between particular Type III methyltransferase alleles and serovar. Using Pacific BioSciences Single-Molecule, Real-Time (SMRT) sequencing and Oxford Nanopore sequencing, we demonstrate the presence of the first ever characterised phase-variable, cytosine-specific Type III DNA methyltransferase. Phase variation of distinct Type III DNA methyltransferase in A. pleuropneumoniae results in the regulation of distinct phasevarions, and in multiple phenotypic differences relevant to pathobiology. Our characterisation of these newly described phasevarions in A. pleuropneumoniae will aid in the selection of stably expressed antigens, and direct and inform development of a rationally designed subunit vaccine against this major veterinary pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Nahar
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Greg Tram
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Freda E-C Jen
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Zachary N Phillips
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Lucy A Weinert
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Janine T Bossé
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Jafar S Jabbari
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Quentin Gouil
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Mei R M Du
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Matthew E Ritchie
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Rory Bowden
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Paul R Langford
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Alexander W Tucker
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Michael P Jennings
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Conny Turni
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Patrick J Blackall
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - John M Atack
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
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Ziegler CA, Freddolino PL. The leucine-responsive regulatory proteins/feast-famine regulatory proteins: an ancient and complex class of transcriptional regulators in bacteria and archaea. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 56:373-400. [PMID: 34151666 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2021.1925215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the Escherichia coli leucine-responsive regulatory protein (Lrp) almost 50 years ago, hundreds of Lrp homologs have been discovered, occurring in 45% of sequenced bacteria and almost all sequenced archaea. Lrp-like proteins are often referred to as the feast/famine regulatory proteins (FFRPs), reflecting their common regulatory roles. Acting as either global or local transcriptional regulators, FFRPs detect the environmental nutritional status by sensing small effector molecules (usually amino acids) and regulate the expression of genes involved in metabolism, virulence, motility, nutrient transport, stress tolerance, and antibiotic resistance to implement appropriate behaviors for the specific ecological niche of each organism. Despite FFRPs' complexity, a significant role in gene regulation, and prevalence throughout prokaryotes, the last comprehensive review on this family of proteins was published about a decade ago. In this review, we integrate recent notable findings regarding E. coli Lrp and other FFRPs across bacteria and archaea with previous observations to synthesize a more complete view on the mechanistic details and biological roles of this ancient class of transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Ziegler
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Peter L Freddolino
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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3
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Li R, Wang J, Liu L, Zhang R, Hao X, Han Q, Wang J, Yuan W. Direct detection of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in swine lungs and tonsils by real-time recombinase polymerase amplification assay. Mol Cell Probes 2019; 45:14-18. [PMID: 30930280 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the etiological agent of swine contagious pleuropneumoniae, which is distributed globally and associated with severe economic losses in the pig rearing industry. In this study, a real-time recombinase polymerase amplification assay (real-time RPA) based on the apxIVA gene was developed to rapid detect A. pleuropneumoniae. Real-time RPA was performed successfully in Genie III at the constant temperature of 39 °C for 20 min. The developed assay was highly specific for A. pleuropneumoniae, and the sensitivity at 95% probability was 536 fg of A. pleuropneumoniae genomic DNA. The real-time RPA for A. pleuropneumoniae was further evaluated on the 112 clinical swine lung and tonsil samples, and 25 (22.3%), 27 (24.1%), and 12 (10.7%) samples were positive for A. pleuropneumoniae by the real-time RPA, real-time PCR and bacterial isolation, respectively. With a real-time PCR as the reference method, the real-time RPA showed a diagnostic specificity of 98.8%, a diagnostic sensitivity of 88.9%, a positive predicative value of 96.0%, a negative predictive value of 96.5%, and a kappa value of 0.900. The above data demonstrated the well potentiality and usefulness of the developed real-time RPA assay in the reliable detection of A. pleuropneumoniae, especially in resource limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiwen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- Center of Inspection and Quarantine Technology, Hebei Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Libing Liu
- Center of Inspection and Quarantine Technology, Hebei Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China; Hebei Academy of Science and Technology for Inspection and Quarantine, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Ruoxi Zhang
- Hebei Animal Disease Control Center, Shijiazhuang, 050050, China
| | - Xuepiao Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Qingan Han
- Hebei Animal Disease Control Center, Shijiazhuang, 050050, China
| | - Jianchang Wang
- Center of Inspection and Quarantine Technology, Hebei Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China; Hebei Academy of Science and Technology for Inspection and Quarantine, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China.
| | - Wanzhe Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China.
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Rossi CC, de Araújo EF, de Queiroz MV, Bazzolli DMS. Characterization of the omlA gene from different serotypes of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae: A new insight into an old approach. Genet Mol Biol 2013; 36:243-51. [PMID: 23885207 PMCID: PMC3715291 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572013005000012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The OmlA protein is a virulence factor of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, an important pathogen in pigs. The polymorphisms present in the omlA gene sequence of 15 reference serotypes of A. pleuropneumoniae and non-serotypable isolates were assessed to determine the possible evolutionary relationship among them and to validate the importance of this gene as a molecular marker for the characterization of this bacterium. Divergence among the 15 serotypes of A. pleuropneumoniae probably resulted initially from two major evolutionary events that led to subsequent differentiation into nine groups. This differentiation makes it possible to characterize most of the serotypes by using bionformatics, thereby avoiding problems with immunological cross-reactivity. A conserved α-helix common to all the serotypes was most likely involved in connecting the protein to the outer membrane and acting as a signal peptide. A previously unknown gene duplication was also identified and could contribute to the genetic variability that makes it difficult to serotype some isolates. Our data support the importance of the omlA gene in the biology of A. pleuropneumoniae and provide a new area of research into the OmlA protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro César Rossi
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Micro-organismos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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Loera-Muro VM, Jacques M, Tremblay YDN, Avelar-González FJ, Loera Muro A, Ramírez-López EM, Medina-Figueroa A, González-Reynaga HM, Guerrero-Barrera AL. Detection of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in drinking water from pig farms. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2013; 159:536-544. [PMID: 23347956 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.057992-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the aetiological agent of porcine pleuropneumonia and is normally transmitted by aerosols and direct contact between animals. A. pleuropneumoniae has traditionally been considered an obligate pathogen of pigs and its presence in the environment has yet to be investigated. Here, the presence of A. pleuropneumoniae was detected in drinking water of pig farms in Mexico using a PCR specific for the RTX toxin gene, apxIV. The presence of A. pleuropneumoniae in farm drinking water was confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence using an A. pleuropneumoniae-specific polyclonal antibody and by fluorescent in situ hybridization. Viable bacteria from the farm drinking water were detected using the Live/Dead BacLight stain. Additionally, viable A. pleuropneumoniae was selected and isolated using the cAMP test and the identity of the isolated bacteria were confirmed by Gram staining, a specific polyclonal antibody and an A. pleuropneumoniae-specific PCR. Furthermore, biofilms were observed by scanning electron microscopy in A. pleuropneumoniae-positive samples. In conclusion, our data suggest that viable A. pleuropneumoniae is present in the drinking water of swine farms and may use biofilm as a strategy to survive in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Loera-Muro
- Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Ags., C. P. 20131, Mexico
| | - Mario Jacques
- Groupe de recherche sur la maladies infectieuses du porc, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Yannick D N Tremblay
- Groupe de recherche sur la maladies infectieuses du porc, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Francisco J Avelar-González
- Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Ags., C. P. 20131, Mexico
| | - Abraham Loera Muro
- Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Ags., C. P. 20131, Mexico
| | - Elsa M Ramírez-López
- Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Ags., C. P. 20131, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Medina-Figueroa
- Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Ags., C. P. 20131, Mexico
| | - Higinio M González-Reynaga
- Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Ags., C. P. 20131, Mexico
| | - Alma L Guerrero-Barrera
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Tisular, Departamento de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Ags., C. P. 20131, Mexico
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Predicting genetic traits and epitope analysis of apxIVA in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. J Microbiol 2011; 49:462-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-011-0449-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Deslandes V, Denicourt M, Girard C, Harel J, Nash JHE, Jacques M. Transcriptional profiling of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae during the acute phase of a natural infection in pigs. BMC Genomics 2010; 11:98. [PMID: 20141640 PMCID: PMC2829017 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the etiological agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, a respiratory disease which causes great economic losses worldwide. Many virulence factors are involved in the pathogenesis, namely capsular polysaccharides, RTX toxins, LPS and many iron acquisition systems. In order to identify genes that are expressed in vivo during a natural infection, we undertook transcript profiling experiments with an A. pleuropneumoniae DNA microarray, after recovery of bacterial mRNAs from serotype 5b-infected porcine lungs. AppChip2 contains 2033 PCR amplicons based on the genomic sequence of App serotype 5b strain L20, representing more than 95% of ORFs greater than 160 bp in length. Results Transcriptional profiling of A. pleuropneumoniae recovered from the lung of a pig suffering from a natural infection or following growth of the bacterial isolate in BHI medium was performed. An RNA extraction protocol combining beadbeating and hot-acid-phenol was developed in order to maximize bacterial mRNA yields and quality following total RNA extraction from lung lesions. Nearly all A. pleuropneumoniae transcripts could be detected on our microarrays, and 150 genes were deemed differentially expressed in vivo during the acute phase of the infection. Our results indicate that, for example, gene apxIVA from an operon coding for RTX toxin ApxIV is highly up-regulated in vivo, and that two genes from the operon coding for type IV fimbriae (APL_0878 and APL_0879) were also up-regulated. These transcriptional profiling data, combined with previous comparative genomic hybridizations performed by our group, revealed that 66 out of the 72 up-regulated genes are conserved amongst all serotypes and that 3 of them code for products that are predicted outer membrane proteins (genes irp and APL_0959, predicted to code for a TonB-dependent receptor and a filamentous hemagglutinin/adhesin respectively) or lipoproteins (gene APL_0920). Only 4 of 72 up-regulated genes had previously been identified in controled experimental infections. Conclusions These genes that we have identified as up-regulated in vivo, conserved across serotypes and coding for potential outer membrane proteins represent potential candidates for the development of a cross-protective vaccine against porcine pleuropneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Deslandes
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses du Porc, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Canada
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Subashchandrabose S, LeVeque RM, Wagner TK, Kirkwood RN, Kiupel M, Mulks MH. Branched-chain amino acids are required for the survival and virulence of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in swine. Infect Immun 2009; 77:4925-33. [PMID: 19703979 PMCID: PMC2772520 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00671-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2009] [Revised: 07/01/2009] [Accepted: 08/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, which causes porcine pleuropneumonia, ilvI was identified as an in vivo-induced (ivi) gene and encodes the enzyme acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) required for branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) biosynthesis. ilvI and 7 of 32 additional ivi promoters were upregulated in vitro when grown in chemically defined medium (CDM) lacking BCAA. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that BCAA would be found at limiting concentrations in pulmonary secretions and that A. pleuropneumoniae mutants unable to synthesize BCAA would be attenuated in a porcine infection model. Quantitation of free amino acids in porcine pulmonary epithelial lining fluid showed concentrations of BCAA ranging from 8 to 30 micromol/liter, which is 10 to 17% of the concentration in plasma. The expression of both ilvI and lrp, a global regulator that is required for ilvI expression, was strongly upregulated in CDM containing concentrations of BCAA similar to those found in pulmonary secretions. Deletion-disruption mutants of ilvI and lrp were both auxotrophic for BCAA in CDM and attenuated compared to wild-type A. pleuropneumoniae in competitive index experiments in a pig infection model. Wild-type A. pleuropneumoniae grew in CDM+BCAA but not in CDM-BCAA in the presence of sulfonylurea AHAS inhibitors. These results clearly demonstrate that BCAA availability is limited in the lungs and support the hypothesis that A. pleuropneumoniae, and potentially other pulmonary pathogens, uses limitation of BCAA as a cue to regulate the expression of genes required for survival and virulence. These results further suggest a potential role for AHAS inhibitors as antimicrobial agents against pulmonary pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sargurunathan Subashchandrabose
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Rhiannon M. LeVeque
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Trevor K. Wagner
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Roy N. Kirkwood
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Matti Kiupel
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Martha H. Mulks
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
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Bioinformatics annotation of the hypothetical proteins found by omics techniques can help to disclose additional virulence factors. Curr Microbiol 2009; 59:451-6. [PMID: 19636617 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-009-9459-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2009] [Accepted: 07/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The advent of genomics should have facilitated the identification of microbial virulence factors, a key objective for vaccine design. When the bacterial pathogen infects the host it expresses a set of genes, a number of them being virulence factors. Among the genes identified by techniques as microarrays, in vivo expression technology, signature-tagged mutagenesis and differential fluorescence induction there are many related to cellular stress, basal metabolism, etc., which cannot be directly involved in virulence, or at least cannot be considered useful candidates to be deleted for designing a live attenuated vaccine. Among the genes disclosed by these methodologies there are a number of hypothetical or unknown proteins. As they can hide some true virulence factors, we have reannotated all of these hypothetical proteins from several respiratory pathogens by a careful and in-depth analysis of each one. Although some of the re-annotations match with functions that can be related to microbial virulence, the identification of virulence factors remains difficult.
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Jin H, Wan Y, Zhou R, Li L, Luo R, Zhang S, Hu J, Langford PR, Chen H. Identification of genes transcribed byHaemophilus parasuisin necrotic porcine lung through the selective capture of transcribed sequences (SCOTS). Environ Microbiol 2008; 10:3326-36. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2008.01729.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Lei L, Sun C, Lu S, Feng X, Wang J, Han W. Selection of serotype-specific vaccine candidate genes in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and heterologous immunization with Propionibacterium acnes. Vaccine 2008; 26:6274-80. [PMID: 18835316 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2008] [Accepted: 09/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (A. pleuropneumoniae) is a highly contagious lethal causative agent of swine pleuropneumoniae. Vaccines for this disease are usually serotype specific. In order to identify immunogenic genes specific to serotypes, two differentially expressed gene cDNA libraries of A. pleuropneumoniae CCVC259 (serotype 1) and CCVC263 (serotype 5) had been constructed by using a cDNA representational difference analysis (cDNA-RDA). From the libraries, six potential vaccine candidate genes expressed only in serotype 1 and 13 genes in serotype 5 were identified by antibody screening after gene expression in vitro with a ribosome display system. Eight sequences out of these exhibited 77-100% identity to the corresponding genes in Propionibacterium acnes. The antisera raised against A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1 and 5 were reactive with P. acnes at a titer of 1:6400 and vice versa (ELISA titer, 1:3200). Mice immunized with P. acnes were protected against 10 x LD50 challenge with A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1 and 5, and the survival rates were 90% and 95%, respectively. Pigs vaccinated with the P. acnes strain could develop high level antibody cross-reacted with A. pleuropneumoniae and obtain noticeable protection from A. pleuropneumoniae infection. These data demonstrate that there were common antigens between A. pleuropneumoniae and P. acnes, and the cross protectivity highlights the possibility of using P. acnes vaccines for preventing infection by A. pleuropneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liancheng Lei
- Xi'an street 5333#, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinlin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniaevaccines: from bacterins to new insights into vaccination strategies. Anim Health Res Rev 2008; 9:25-45. [DOI: 10.1017/s1466252307001338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWith the growing emergence of antibiotic resistance and rising consumer demands concerning food safety, vaccination to prevent bacterial infections is of increasing relevance.Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniaeis the etiological agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, a respiratory disease leading to severe economic losses in the swine industry. Despite all the research and trials that were performed withA. pleuropneumoniaevaccination in the past, a safe vaccine that offers complete protection against all serotypes has yet not reached the market. However, recent advances made in the identification of new potential vaccine candidates and in the targeting of specific immune responses, give encouraging vaccination perspectives. Here, we review past and current knowledge onA. pleuropneumoniaevaccines as well as the newly available genomic tools and vaccination strategies that could be useful in the design of an efficient vaccine againstA. pleuropneumoniaeinfection.
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