1
|
Truong T, Martin K, Salemi M, Ray A, Phinney BS, Penn BH. The balance between antiviral and antibacterial responses during M. tuberculosis infection is regulated by the ubiquitin ligase CBL. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.15.594178. [PMID: 38798543 PMCID: PMC11118416 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.15.594178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
As a first line of host defense, macrophages must be able to effectively sense and respond to diverse types of pathogens, and while a particular type of immune response may be beneficial in some circumstances, it can be detrimental in others. Upon infecting a macrophage, M. tuberculosis (Mtb) induces proinflammatory cytokines that activate antibacterial responses. Surprisingly, Mtb also triggers antiviral responses that actually hinder the ability of macrophages to control Mtb infection. The ubiquitin ligase CBL suppresses these antiviral responses and shifts macrophages toward a more antibacterial state during Mtb infection, however, the mechanisms by which CBL regulates immune signaling are unknown. We found that CBL controls responses to multiple stimuli and broadly suppresses the expression of antiviral effector genes. We then used mass-spectrometry to investigate potential CBL substrates and identified over 46,000 ubiquitylated peptides in Mtb-infected macrophages, as well as roughly 400 peptides with CBL-dependent ubiquitylation. We then performed genetic interaction analysis of CBL and its putative substrates, and identified the Fas associated factor 2 (FAF2) adapter protein as a key signaling molecule protein downstream of CBL. Together, these analyses identify thousands of new ubiquitin-mediated signaling events during the innate immune response and reveal an important new regulatory hub in this response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Truong
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Graduate Group in Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Kelsey Martin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Michelle Salemi
- Proteomics Core Facility, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Abigail Ray
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Microbiology Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Brett S. Phinney
- Proteomics Core Facility, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Bennett H. Penn
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xu Y, Wang Y, Winner H, Yang H, He R, Wang J, Zhong G. Regulation of chlamydial spreading from the small intestine to the large intestine by IL-22-producing CD4 + T cells. Infect Immun 2024; 92:e0042123. [PMID: 38047677 PMCID: PMC10790816 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00421-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Following an oral inoculation, Chlamydia muridarum descends to the mouse large intestine for long-lasting colonization. However, a mutant C. muridarum that lacks the plasmid-encoded protein pGP3 due to an engineered premature stop codon (designated as CMpGP3S) failed to do so even following an intrajejunal inoculation. This was because a CD4+ T cell-dependent immunity prevented the spread of CMpGP3S from the small intestine to the large intestine. In the current study, we found that mice deficient in IL-22 (IL-22-/-) allowed CMpGP3S to spread from the small intestine to the large intestine on day 3 after intrajejunal inoculation, indicating a critical role of IL-22 in regulating the chlamydial spread. The responsible IL-22 is produced by CD4+ T cells since IL-22-/- mice were rescued to block the CMpGP3S spread by donor CD4+ T cells from C57BL/6J mice. Consistently, CD4+ T cells lacking IL-22 failed to block the spread of CMpGP3S in Rag2-/- mice, while IL-22-competent CD4+ T cells did block. Furthermore, mice deficient in cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP) permitted the CMpGP3S spread, but donor CD4+ T cells from CRAMP-/- mice were still sufficient for preventing the CMpGP3S spread in Rag2-/- mice, indicating a critical role of CRAMP in regulating chlamydial spreading, and the responsible CRAMP is not produced by CD4+ T cells. Thus, the IL-22-producing CD4+ T cell-dependent regulation of chlamydial spreading correlated with CRAMP produced by non-CD4+ T cells. These findings provide a platform for further characterizing the subset(s) of CD4+ T cells responsible for regulating bacterial spreading in the intestine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Department of Immunology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Yihui Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Halah Winner
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Huijie Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Rongze He
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Immunology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guangming Zhong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Filardo S, Di Pietro M, Bozzuto G, Fracella M, Bitossi C, Molinari A, Scagnolari C, Antonelli G, Sessa R. Interferon-ε as potential inhibitor of Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Microb Pathog 2023; 185:106427. [PMID: 37890679 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis, the main cause of bacterial sexually transmitted diseases, is responsible for severe reproductive sequelae. Amongst all the cytokines involved in host immunity towards this pathogen, IFN-ε has recently acquired importance for its potential contribution to the female reproductive tract innate defenses. Herein, our study aimed to explore, for the first time, the activity of IFN-ε toward C. trachomatis in an in vitro infection model, by testing its effects on the different phases of chlamydial developmental cycle, as well as on the ultrastructural characteristics of chlamydial inclusions, via transmission electron microscopy. Main result is the capability of IFN-ε to alter C. trachomatis growth, as suggested by reduced infectious progenies, as well as a patchy distribution of bacteria and altered morphology of reticulate bodies within inclusions. In conclusion, our results suggest that IFN-ε could play a role in the innate and adaptive immune defenses against C. trachomatis; in the future, it will be needed to investigate its activity on an infection model more closely resembling the physiological environment of the female genital tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Filardo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Section of Microbiology, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Marisa Di Pietro
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Section of Microbiology, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Bozzuto
- National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Matteo Fracella
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Viale di Porta Tiburtina, 28, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Camilla Bitossi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Viale di Porta Tiburtina, 28, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Agnese Molinari
- National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Carolina Scagnolari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Viale di Porta Tiburtina, 28, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Guido Antonelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Viale di Porta Tiburtina, 28, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Rosa Sessa
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Section of Microbiology, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|