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La Guidara C, Adamo R, Sala C, Micoli F. Vaccines and Monoclonal Antibodies as Alternative Strategies to Antibiotics to Fight Antimicrobial Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5487. [PMID: 38791526 PMCID: PMC11122364 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most critical threats to global public health in the 21st century, causing a large number of deaths every year in both high-income and low- and middle-income countries. Vaccines and monoclonal antibodies can be exploited to prevent and treat diseases caused by AMR pathogens, thereby reducing antibiotic use and decreasing selective pressure that favors the emergence of resistant strains. Here, differences in the mechanism of action and resistance of vaccines and monoclonal antibodies compared to antibiotics are discussed. The state of the art for vaccine technologies and monoclonal antibodies are reviewed, with a particular focus on approaches validated in clinical studies. By underscoring the scope and limitations of the different emerging technologies, this review points out the complementary of vaccines and monoclonal antibodies in fighting AMR. Gaps in antigen discovery for some pathogens, as well as challenges associated with the clinical development of these therapies against AMR pathogens, are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara La Guidara
- Magnetic Resonance Center CERM, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Sala
- Monoclonal Antibody Discovery Laboratory, Fondazione Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Micoli
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health S.R.L. (GVGH), 53100 Siena, Italy
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2
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Kasimova AA, Kolganova AS, Shashkov AS, Shneider MM, Mikhailova YV, Shelenkov AA, Popova AV, Knirel YA, Perepelov AV, Kenyon JJ. Structure of the K141 capsular polysaccharide produced by Acinetobacter baumannii isolate KZ1106 that carries KL141 at the chromosomal K locus. Carbohydr Res 2024; 538:109097. [PMID: 38555658 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The structure of the K141 type capsular polysaccharide (CPS) produced by Acinetobacter baumannii KZ1106, a clinical isolate recovered from Kazakhstan in 2016, was established by sugar analyses and one- and two-dimensional 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The CPS was shown to consist of branched tetrasaccharide repeating units (K-units) with the following structure: This structure was found to be consistent with the genetic content of the KL141 CPS biosynthesis gene cluster at the chromosomal K locus in the KZ1106 whole genome sequence. Assignment of the encoded enzymes allowed the first sugar of the K unit to be identified, which revealed that the β-d-GlcpNAc-(1→3)-d-GlcpNAc bond is the linkage between K-units formed by the WzyKL141 polymerase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya A Kasimova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna S Kolganova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; D. I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S Shashkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail M Shneider
- M. M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119997, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Anastasiya V Popova
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Yuriy A Knirel
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V Perepelov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Johanna J Kenyon
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Health Group, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia; Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
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3
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Jeffreys S, Tompkins MP, Aki J, Papp SB, Chambers JP, Guentzel MN, Hung CY, Yu JJ, Arulanandam BP. Development and Evaluation of an Immunoinformatics-Based Multi-Peptide Vaccine against Acinetobacter baumannii Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:358. [PMID: 38675740 PMCID: PMC11054912 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen associated with hospital-acquired infections. Due to its environmental persistence, virulence, and limited treatment options, this organism causes both increased patient mortality and incurred healthcare costs. Thus, prophylactic vaccination could be ideal for intervention against MDR Acinetobacter infection in susceptible populations. In this study, we employed immunoinformatics to identify peptides containing both putative B- and T-cell epitopes from proteins associated with A. baumannii pathogenesis. A novel Acinetobacter Multi-Epitope Vaccine (AMEV2) was constructed using an A. baumannii thioredoxin A (TrxA) leading protein sequence followed by five identified peptide antigens. Antisera from A. baumannii infected mice demonstrated reactivity to rAMEV2, and subcutaneous immunization of mice with rAMEV2 produced high antibody titer against the construct as well as peptide components. Immunization results in increased frequency of IL-4-secreting splenocytes indicative of a Th2 response. AMEV2-immunized mice were protected against intranasal challenge with a hypervirulent strain of A. baumannii and demonstrated reduced bacterial burden at 48 h. In contrast, all mock vaccinated mice succumbed to infection within 3 days. Results presented here provide insight into the effectiveness of immunoinformatic-based vaccine design and its potential as an effective strategy to combat the rise of MDR pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Jeffreys
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA; (S.J.); (M.P.T.); (J.A.); (J.P.C.); (M.N.G.); (C.-Y.H.)
| | - Megan P. Tompkins
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA; (S.J.); (M.P.T.); (J.A.); (J.P.C.); (M.N.G.); (C.-Y.H.)
| | - Jadelynn Aki
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA; (S.J.); (M.P.T.); (J.A.); (J.P.C.); (M.N.G.); (C.-Y.H.)
| | - Sara B. Papp
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA; (S.J.); (M.P.T.); (J.A.); (J.P.C.); (M.N.G.); (C.-Y.H.)
| | - James P. Chambers
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA; (S.J.); (M.P.T.); (J.A.); (J.P.C.); (M.N.G.); (C.-Y.H.)
| | - M. Neal Guentzel
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA; (S.J.); (M.P.T.); (J.A.); (J.P.C.); (M.N.G.); (C.-Y.H.)
| | - Chiung-Yu Hung
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA; (S.J.); (M.P.T.); (J.A.); (J.P.C.); (M.N.G.); (C.-Y.H.)
| | - Jieh-Juen Yu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA; (S.J.); (M.P.T.); (J.A.); (J.P.C.); (M.N.G.); (C.-Y.H.)
| | - Bernard P. Arulanandam
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA; (S.J.); (M.P.T.); (J.A.); (J.P.C.); (M.N.G.); (C.-Y.H.)
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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4
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Basardeh E, Piri-Gavgani S, Moradi HR, Azizi M, Mirzabeigi P, Nazari F, Ghanei M, Mahboudi F, Rahimi-Jamnani F. Anti-Acinetobacter Baumannii single-chain variable fragments provide therapeutic efficacy in an immunocompromised mouse pneumonia model. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:55. [PMID: 38341536 PMCID: PMC10858608 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03080-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of carbapenem-resistant and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Acinetobacter baumannii as well as inadequate effective antibiotics calls for an urgent effort to find new antibacterial agents. The therapeutic efficacy of two human scFvs, EB211 and EB279, showing growth inhibitory activity against A. baumannii in vitro, was investigated in immunocompromised mice with A. baumannii pneumonia. RESULTS The data revealed that infected mice treated with EB211, EB279, and a combination of the two scFvs showed better survival, reduced bacterial load in the lungs, and no marked pathological abnormalities in the kidneys, liver, and lungs when compared to the control groups receiving normal saline or an irrelevant scFv. CONCLUSIONS The results from this study suggest that the scFvs with direct growth inhibitory activity could offer promising results in the treatment of pneumonia caused by XDR A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eilnaz Basardeh
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Piri-Gavgani
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Moradi
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Azizi
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parastoo Mirzabeigi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacoeconomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Nazari
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisoning Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Rahimi-Jamnani
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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5
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Premachandra A, Moine P. Antibiotics in anesthesia and critical care. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2024; 12:6. [PMID: 38304898 PMCID: PMC10777233 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-5585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis is life-threatening organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated host response to an underlying acute infection. Sepsis is a major worldwide healthcare problem. An annual estimated 48.9 million incident cases of sepsis is reported, with 11 million (20%) sepsis-related deaths. Administration of appropriate antimicrobials is one of the most effective therapeutic interventions to reduce mortality. The severity of illness informs the urgency of antimicrobial administration. Nevertheless, even used properly, they cause adverse effects and contribute to the development of antibiotic resistance. Both inadequate and unnecessarily broad empiric antibiotics are associated with higher mortality and also select for antibiotic-resistant germs. In this narrative review, we will first discuss important factors and potential confounders which may influence the occurrence of surgical site infection (SSI) and which should be considered in the provision of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (PAP). Then, we will summarize recent advances and perspectives to optimize antibiotic therapy in the intensive care unit (ICU). Finally, the major role of the microbiota and the impact of antimicrobials on it will be discussed. While expert recommendations help guide daily practice in the operating theatre and ICU, a thorough knowledge of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) rules is critical to optimize the management of complex patients and minimize the emergence of multidrug-resistant organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Premachandra
- Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Groupe Hospitalo-Universitaire GHU AP-HP, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, Garches, France
| | - Pierre Moine
- Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Groupe Hospitalo-Universitaire GHU AP-HP, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, Garches, France
- Laboratory of Infection & Inflammation - U1173, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ) - University Paris-Saclay - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Garches, France
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire FHU SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavour to PerSonalize Interventions for Sepsis), Garches, France
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6
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Slarve MJ, Bowler N, Burk E, Yan J, Carlino-MacDonald U, Russo TA, Luna BM, Spellberg B. Clinical assays rapidly predict bacterial susceptibility to monoclonal antibody therapy. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e174799. [PMID: 38258902 PMCID: PMC10906227 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.174799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
With antimicrobial resistance (AMR) emerging as a major threat to global health, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have become a promising means to combat difficult-to-treat AMR infections. Unfortunately, in contrast with standard antimicrobials, for which there are well-validated clinical laboratory methodologies to determine whether an infecting pathogen is susceptible or resistant to a specific antimicrobial drug, no assays have been described that can inform clinical investigators or clinicians regarding the clinical efficacy of a MAb against a specific pathogenic strain. Using Acinetobacter baumannii as a model organism, we established and validated 2 facile clinical susceptibility assays, which used flow cytometry and latex bead agglutination, to determine susceptibility (predicting in vivo efficacy) or resistance (predicting in vivo failure) of 1 newly established and 3 previously described anti-A. baumannii MAbs. These simple assays exhibited impressive sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility, with clear susceptibility breakpoints that predicted the in vivo outcomes in our preclinical model with excellent fidelity. These MAb susceptibility assays have the potential to enable and facilitate clinical development and deployment of MAbs that generally target the surface of microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Slarve
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Neven Bowler
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth Burk
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ulrike Carlino-MacDonald
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Western New York Healthcare System and University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Thomas A. Russo
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Western New York Healthcare System and University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Brian M. Luna
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Brad Spellberg
- Los Angeles General Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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7
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Grzywa R, Łupicka-Słowik A, Sieńczyk M. IgYs: on her majesty's secret service. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1199427. [PMID: 37377972 PMCID: PMC10291628 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1199427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been an increasing interest in using Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) antibodies as an alternative to "classical" antimicrobials. Unlike traditional antibiotics, they can be utilized on a continual basis without leading to the development of resistance. The veterinary IgY antibody market is growing because of the demand for minimal antibiotic use in animal production. IgY antibodies are not as strong as antibiotics for treating infections, but they work well as preventative agents and are natural, nontoxic, and easy to produce. They can be administered orally and are well tolerated, even by young animals. Unlike antibiotics, oral IgY supplements support the microbiome that plays a vital role in maintaining overall health, including immune system function. IgY formulations can be delivered as egg yolk powder and do not require extensive purification. Lipids in IgY supplements improve antibody stability in the digestive tract. Given this, using IgY antibodies as an alternative to antimicrobials has garnered interest. In this review, we will examine their antibacterial potential.
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8
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Knauf G, Groover KE, O’Donnell AC, Davies BW. Generation of Synthetic Acinetobacter baumannii-Specific Nanobodies. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:1190-1195. [PMID: 37162304 PMCID: PMC10262196 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii is a leading cause of drug-resistant infections. Here, we investigated the potential of developing nanobodies that can recognize A. baumannii over other Gram-negative bacteria. Through generation and panning of a synthetic nanobody library, we identified several potential lead candidates. We demonstrate how incorporation of next-generation sequencing analysis can aid in the selection of lead candidate nanobodies. Using monoclonal phage display, we validated the binding of lead nanobodies to A. baumannii. Subsequent purification and biochemical characterization revealed one particularly robust nanobody that specifically bound select A. baumannii strains compared to other common drug-resistant pathogens. These findings support the potential for nanobodies to selectively target A. baumannii and the identification of lead candidates for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory
A. Knauf
- Department
of Molecular Biosciences, The University
of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Kyra E. Groover
- Department
of Molecular Biosciences, The University
of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Angela C. O’Donnell
- Department
of Molecular Biosciences, The University
of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
- John
Ring LaMontagne Center for Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Bryan W. Davies
- Department
of Molecular Biosciences, The University
of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
- John
Ring LaMontagne Center for Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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9
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Pereira JAM, Berenguer CV, Câmara JS. Delving into Agri-Food Waste Composition for Antibacterial Phytochemicals. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13050634. [PMID: 37233675 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The overuse of antibiotics in the healthcare, veterinary, and agricultural industries has led to the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), resulting in significant economic losses worldwide and a growing healthcare problem that urgently needs to be solved. Plants produce a variety of secondary metabolites, making them an area of interest in the search for new phytochemicals to cope with AMR. A great part of agri-food waste is of plant origin, constituting a promising source of valuable compounds with different bioactivities, including those against antimicrobial resistance. Many types of phytochemicals, such as carotenoids, tocopherols, glucosinolates, and phenolic compounds, are widely present in plant by-products, such as citrus peels, tomato waste, and wine pomace. Unveiling these and other bioactive compounds is therefore very relevant and could be an important and sustainable form of agri-food waste valorisation, adding profit for local economies and mitigating the negative impact of these wastes' decomposition on the environment. This review will focus on the potential of agri-food waste from a plant origin as a source of phytochemicals with antibacterial activity for global health benefits against AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A M Pereira
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Cristina V Berenguer
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - José S Câmara
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e da Engenharia, Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
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10
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Shields RK, Paterson DL, Tamma PD. Navigating Available Treatment Options for Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus Complex Infections. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 76:S179-S193. [PMID: 37125467 PMCID: PMC10150276 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex (CRAB) is one of the top-priority pathogens for new antibiotic development. Unlike other antibiotic-resistant threats, none of the available therapies have been shown to consistently reduce mortality or improve patient outcomes in clinical trials. Antibiotic combination therapy is routinely used in clinical practice; however, the preferred combination has not been defined. This narrative review focuses on evidence-based solutions for the treatment of invasive CRAB infections. We dissect the promise and perils of traditional agents used in combination, such as colistin, sulbactam, and the tetracyclines, and offer clinical pearls based on our interpretation of the available data. Next, we investigate the merits of newly developed β-lactam agents like cefiderocol and sulbactam-durlobactam, which have demonstrated contrasting results in recent randomized clinical trials. The review concludes with the authors' perspective on the evolving treatment landscape for CRAB infections, which is complicated by limited clinical data, imperfect treatment options, and a need for future clinical trials. We propose that effective treatment for CRAB infections requires a personalized approach that incorporates host factors, the site of infection, pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic principles, local molecular epidemiology of CRAB isolates, and careful interpretation of antibiotic susceptibility testing results. In most clinical scenarios, a dose-optimized, sulbactam-based regimen is recommended with the addition of at least one other in vitro active agent. Should sulbactam-durlobactam receive regulatory approval, recommendations will need to be re-evaluated with the most recent evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan K Shields
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David L Paterson
- ADVANCE-ID, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pranita D Tamma
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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11
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Nielsen TB, Yan J, Slarve M, Li R, Junge JA, Luna BM, Wilkinson I, Yerramalla U, Spellberg B. Development of a Bispecific Antibody Targeting Clinical Isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii. J Infect Dis 2023; 227:1042-1049. [PMID: 36617220 PMCID: PMC10319980 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported developing 2 anticapsular monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) as a novel therapy for Acinetobacter baumannii infections. We sought to determine whether a bispecific mAb (bsAb) could improve avidity and efficacy while maximizing strain coverage in one molecule. METHODS Humanized mAb 65 was cloned into a single-chain variable fragment and attached to humanized mAb C8, combining their paratopes into a single bsAb (C73). We tested bsAb C73's strain coverage, binding affinity, ex vivo opsonic activity, and in vivo efficacy compared to each mAb alone and combined. RESULTS The bsAb demonstrated strain coverage, binding affinity, opsonization, and in vivo efficacy superior to either original mAb alone or combined. CONCLUSIONS A humanized bsAb targeting distinct A. baumannii capsule moieties enabled potent and effective coverage of disparate A. baumannii clinical isolates. The bsAb enhances feasibility of development by minimizing the number of components of a promising novel therapeutic for these difficult-to-treat infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis B Nielsen
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
- Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Matthew Slarve
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rachel Li
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jason A Junge
- Translational Imaging Center, School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Brian M Luna
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | | - Brad Spellberg
- Los Angeles County + University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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12
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Slarve M, Reyna Z, Burk E, Ruiz-Delgado J, Li R, Yan J, Luna B, Spellberg B. Therapeutic, Humanized Monoclonal Antibody Exhibits Broad Binding and Protective Efficacy against Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 67:e0008623. [PMID: 36853012 PMCID: PMC10019318 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00086-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is an extremely drug-resistant pathogen necessitating the development of new therapies. We seek to generate a cocktail of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that can target the full diversity of A. baumannii isolates. We have newly identified the antibody MAb5. Here, we demonstrate that MAb5 has broad binding against U.S. (n = 300) and international (n = 250) isolates (72.24% and 28.76%, respectively), likely targets O-antigen capsular carbohydrates, and exhibits protective efficacy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Slarve
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zeferino Reyna
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth Burk
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Juan Ruiz-Delgado
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rachel Li
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Brian Luna
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Brad Spellberg
- Los Angeles County-USC (LAC+USC) Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Buchhorn de Freitas S, Hartwig DD. Promising targets for immunotherapeutic approaches against Acinetobacter baumannii. Microb Pathog 2022; 173:105855. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Jeffreys S, Chambers JP, Yu JJ, Hung CY, Forsthuber T, Arulanandam BP. Insights into Acinetobacter baumannii protective immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1070424. [PMID: 36466845 PMCID: PMC9716351 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1070424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a nosocomic opportunistic Gram-negative bacteria known for its extensive drug-resistant phenotype. A. baumannii hospital-acquired infections are major contributors to increased costs and mortality observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. With few effective antimicrobials available for treatment of this pathogen, immune-based therapy becomes an attractive strategy to combat multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter infection. Immunotherapeutics is a field of growing interest with advances in vaccines and monoclonal antibodies providing insight into the protective immune response required to successfully combat this pathogen. This review focuses on current knowledge describing the adaptive immune response to A. baumannii, the importance of antibody-mediated protection, developments in cell-mediated protection, and their respective therapeutic application going forward. With A. baumannii’s increasing resistance to most current antimicrobials, elucidating an effective host adaptive immune response is paramount in the guidance of future immunotherapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Jeffreys
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - James P. Chambers
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Jieh-Juen Yu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Chiung-Yu Hung
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Thomas Forsthuber
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Bernard P. Arulanandam
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Bernard P. Arulanandam,
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Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) from Sphingomonas paucimobilis Increase the Efficacy of Liposome-Based Nanovaccine against Acinetobacter baumannii-Associated Pneumonia in Immunocompetent and Immunocompromised Mice. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227790. [PMID: 36431892 PMCID: PMC9695853 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Due to the high propensity of drug resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii, the number of currently available therapeutic drugs has become very limited. Thus, it becomes incredibly important to prepare an effective vaccine formulation capable of eliciting an effective immune response against A. baumannii. In this study, we prepared a liposomal vaccine formulation bearing glycosphingolipids (GSLs) from Sphingomonas paucimobilis and loaded with the whole cell antigen (WCAgs-GSLs-liposomes) of A. baumannii. The immune-stimulating potential and prophylactic efficacy of WCAgs-GSLs-liposomes were compared with those of WCAgs-liposomes (without GSLs) or free WCAgs in both immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice. The efficacy of vaccine formulations was determined by analyzing antibody titer, cytokine levels, and survival studies in the immunized mice. The findings revealed that vaccination with WCAgs-GSLs-liposomes stimulated a greater secretion of antibodies and cytokines, higher lymphocyte proliferation, and increased expression of the co-stimulatory molecules. Anti-sera from WCAgs-GSLs-liposomes-immunized mice remarkably reduced the biofilm formation by A. baumannii. Most importantly, WCAgs-GSLs-liposomes-vaccinated mice demonstrated a higher defiance against the pathogen, as compared to the immunizations with WCAgs-liposomes (without GSLs) or free WCAgs. Immunocompetent mice immunized with WCAgs-GSLs-liposomes showed a 100% survival rate, while those immunized with WCAgs-liposomes exhibited a 60% survival rate. The protective effect of WCAgs-GSLs-liposomes was also found to be higher in immunocompromised mice, as the immunized mice showed a 50% survival rate, which was greater than the 20% survival rate of those immunized with WCAgs-liposomes. The survival data was also supported by the findings of bacterial load and histological analysis that substantiated the greatest prophylactic potential of the WCAgs-GSLs-liposomes. These findings recommend that WCAgs-GSLs-liposomes may be reckoned as a prospective vaccine to protect the persons against A. baumannii infection.
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Yeganeh O, Shabani M, Pakzad P, Mosaffa N, Hashemi A. Evaluation the reactivity of a peptide-based monoclonal antibody derived from OmpA with drug resistant pulsotypes of Acinetobacter baumannii as a potential therapeutic approach. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2022; 21:30. [PMID: 35773688 PMCID: PMC9245400 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-022-00523-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic and antibiotic-resistant pathogen that predominantly causes nosocomial infections. There is urgent need for development nonantibiotic-based treatment strategies. We developed a novel monoclonal antibody (mAb) against a peptide of conserved outer membrane protein A (OmpA) and evaluated its reactivity with different pulsotypes of A. baumannii. METHODS Peptide derived from A. baumannii OmpA was conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin and injected into BALB/c mice. Splenocytes of immunized mice were fused with SP2/0 myeloma cells followed by selection of antibody-producing hybridoma cells. After screening of different hybridoma colonies by ELISA, one monoclone was selected as 3F10-C9 and the antibody was tested for reaction with five different Acinetobacter pulsotypes that were resistant to carbapenem antibiotics. The affinity constant was measured by ELISA. The ELISA, western blotting, indirect immunofluorescence (IFA), and in vitro opsonophagocytosis assays were used to evaluate the reactivity of generated mAb. RESULTS The anti-OmpA antibody reacted with the immunizing peptide and had a high affinity (1.94 × 10-9 M) for its antigen in the ELISA. Specific binding of mAb to OmpA was confirmed in Western blot. IFA assays revealed that mAb recognized specific OmpA on the pulsotypes. Opsonophagocytosis assays showed that the mAb increased the bactericidal activity of macrophage cells. The antibody function was higher in the presence of serum complement. CONCLUSIONS The peptide-based mAb demonstrated optimal performance in laboratory experiments which may be appropriate in investigation on OmpA in Acinetobacter pathogenesis and development of passive immunization as a novel therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Yeganeh
- Department of Microbiology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Shabani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parviz Pakzad
- Department of Microbiology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nariman Mosaffa
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Hashemi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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17
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A bottom-up view of antimicrobial resistance transmission in developing countries. Nat Microbiol 2022; 7:757-765. [PMID: 35637328 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-022-01124-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is tracked most closely in clinical settings and high-income countries. However, resistant organisms thrive globally and are transmitted to and from healthy humans, animals and the environment, particularly in many low- and middle-income settings. The overall public health and clinical significance of these transmission opportunities remain to be completely clarified. There is thus considerable global interest in promoting a One Health view of AMR to enable a more realistic understanding of its ecology. In reality, AMR surveillance outside hospitals remains insufficient and it has been very challenging to convincingly document transmission at the interfaces between clinical specimens and other niches. In this Review, we describe AMR and its transmission in low- and middle-income-country settings, emphasizing high-risk transmission points such as urban settings and food-animal handling. In urban and food production settings, top-down and infrastructure-dependent interventions against AMR that require strong regulatory oversight are less likely to curtail transmission when used alone and should be combined with bottom-up AMR-containment approaches. We observe that the power of genomics to expose transmission channels and hotspots is largely unharnessed, and that existing and upcoming technological innovations need to be exploited towards containing AMR in low- and middle-income settings.
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Milani ES, Hasani A, Varschochi M, Sadeghi J, Memar MY, Hasani A. Biocide resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii: appraising the mechanisms. J Hosp Infect 2021; 117:135-146. [PMID: 34560167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A global upsurge in antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii requires supervised selection of biocides and disinfectants to avert nosocomial infections by reducing its spread. Moreover, inadequate and improper biocides have been reported as a contributing factor in antimicrobial resistance. Regardless of the manner of administration, a biocidal concentration that does not kill the target bacteria creates a stress response, propagating the resistance mechanisms. This is an essential aspect of the disinfection programme and the overall bio-contamination management plan. Knowing the mechanisms of action of biocides and resistance modalities may open new avenues to discover novel agents. This review describes the mechanisms of action of some biocides, resistance mechanisms, and approaches to study susceptibility/resistance to these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Milani
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - A Hasani
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Clinical Research Development Unit, Sina Educational, Research and Treatment Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - M Varschochi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - J Sadeghi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - M Y Memar
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - A Hasani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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