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Ouyang X, Wang X, Li P, Huang Q, Zhou L, Li J, Gao L, Sun Q, Chai F, Guo S, Zhou Z, Liu X, Dai L, Cheng W, Ren H. Bacterial effector restricts liquid-liquid phase separation of ZPR1 to antagonize host UPR ER. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112700. [PMID: 37379216 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
How pathogens manipulate host UPRER to mediate immune evasion is largely unknown. Here, we identify the host zinc finger protein ZPR1 as an interacting partner of the enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) effector NleE using proximity-enabled protein crosslinking. We show that ZPR1 assembles via liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in vitro and regulates CHOP-mediated UPRER at the transcriptional level. Interestingly, in vitro studies show that the ZPR1 binding ability with K63-ubiquitin chains, which promotes LLPS of ZPR1, is disrupted by NleE. Further analyses indicate that EPEC restricts host UPRER pathways at the transcription level in a NleE-ZPR1 cascade-dependent manner. Together, our study reveals the mechanism by which EPEC interferes with CHOP-UPRER via regulating ZPR1 to help pathogens escape host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Ouyang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xueyun Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Pan Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jingxiang Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of General Practice and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Fangni Chai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Shupan Guo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zhihui Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Lunzhi Dai
- Department of General Practice and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Haiyan Ren
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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2
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Chen X, Ishfaq M, Wang J. Baicalin ameliorates Mycoplasma gallisepticum-induced inflammatory injury via inhibiting STIM1-regulated ceramide accumulation in DF-1 cells. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102687. [PMID: 37099879 PMCID: PMC10149409 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is dependent on its host for many nutrients due to the loss of many important metabolic pathways. Ceramide is a sphingolipid that regulates multiple cellular processes in eukaryotic cell. Several studies highlighted the crucial role of ceramide on the pathogenesis of various pathogens. This study aimed to determine whether ceramide plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of MG. Based on an MG infection model in DF-1 cells, the results revealed that MG infection induced ceramide accumulation in DF-1 cells. Inhibiting the de novo synthesis of ceramide significantly inhibited MG proliferation and inflammatory injury caused by MG in DF-1 cells. Meanwhile, MG infection led to endoplasmic reticulum stress, and pharmacologic inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress prevented ceramide accumulation and MG proliferation in DF-1 cells, alleviating the inflammatory injury caused by MG. In addition, MG infection significantly promoted expression level of stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), thus induced calcium overload and oxidative stress. Furthermore, inhibition of STIM1 expression partially restored calcium homeostasis and mitigated oxidative stress, thus alleviated endoplasmic reticulum stress. Importantly, the inflammatory injury caused by MG were partially ameliorated by baicalin treatment (20 µg/mL) through downregulating STIM1 expression. In summary, these results suggests that ceramide accumulation through the de novo pathway plays an important role to promote MG proliferation and baicalin can alleviate MG infection induced inflammatory injury via regulating STIM1-related oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and ceramide accumulation in DF-1 cells.
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3
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Li W, Wang Y. Stress granules: potential therapeutic targets for infectious and inflammatory diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1145346. [PMID: 37205103 PMCID: PMC10185834 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1145346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells are stimulated by external pressure such as that derived from heat shock, oxidative stress, nutrient deficiencies, or infections, which induce the formation of stress granules (SGs) that facilitates cellular adaptation to environmental pressures. As aggregated products of the translation initiation complex in the cytoplasm, SGs play important roles in cell gene expression and homeostasis. Infection induces SGs formation. Specifically, a pathogen that invades a host cell leverages the host cell translation machinery to complete the pathogen life cycle. In response, the host cell suspends translation, which leads to SGs formation, to resist pathogen invasion. This article reviews the production and function of SGs, the interaction between SGs and pathogens, and the relationship between SGs and pathogen-induced innate immunity to provide directions for further research into anti-infection and anti-inflammatory disease strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Yao Wang,
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Zhang H, Lu S, Chao J, Lu D, Zhao G, Chen Y, Chen H, Faisal M, Yang L, Hu C, Guo A. The attenuated Mycoplasma bovis strain promotes apoptosis of bovine macrophages by upregulation of CHOP expression. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:925209. [PMID: 35992665 PMCID: PMC9381834 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.925209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) is one of the major pathogens in the bovine respiratory disease complex, which includes pneumonia, mastitis, and arthritis and causes a great economic loss in the cattle industry. In China, a live-attenuated vaccine strain M. bovis P150 was obtained by a continuous culture of the wild-type strain M. bovis HB0801 (P1) in vitro for 150 passages. Using the infected bovine macrophage cell line BoMac, this work attempted to investigate the mechanism of P150 attenuation and protective immune response. To begin, we show that M. bovis P150 effectively triggered cytotoxicity and apoptosis in BoMac, although with lower intracellular survival than P1. The transcriptomes of BoMac after infection with M. bovis strains P1 and P150 were sequenced, and bioinformatic analysis identified 233 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 185 upregulated and 48 downregulated. Further Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses revealed that the majority of the DEGs were linked to CHOP complex, MAP kinase phosphatase activity and were involved in the IL-17 signaling pathway in immune response, MAPK signaling pathway in signal transduction, and p53 signaling pathway in cell growth and death. Among them, the level of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) was significantly upregulated in P150-infected BoMac compared to P1-infected cells at different time points, along with its upstream and downstream genes phosphorylated-PERK, phosphorylated-EIF2α, ATF4, and GADD45A increased in the PERK-dependent ER stress response. The role of CHOP in apoptosis was further verified by M. bovis-induced siCHOP knockdown in BoMac cells. The results showed that CHOP knockdown enhanced P150-induced apoptosis and dramatically increased the M. bovis P1 and P150 intracellular survival, particularly for P150. These data suggest that P150 infection upregulates CHOP expression, which can increase apoptosis and mediate a crosstalk between ER stress and apoptosis during infection, and hence, contribute to high cytotoxicity and low intracellular survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Chao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Doukun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Faisal
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liguo Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changmin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Changmin Hu,
| | - Aizhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Aizhen Guo,
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5
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Pan Q, Xu Q, Liu T, Zhang Y, Xin J. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
membrane protein Mhp271 interacts with host
UPR
protein
GRP78
to facilitate infection. Mol Microbiol 2022; 118:208-222. [PMID: 35791781 PMCID: PMC9542919 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) plays a crucial role in Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) pathogenesis. We previously demonstrated that M. hyopneumoniae interferes with the host UPR to foster bacterial adhesion and infection. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of this UPR modulation is unclear. Here, we report that M. hyopneumoniae membrane protein Mhp271 interacts with host GRP78, a master regulator of UPR localized to the porcine tracheal epithelial cells (PTECs) surface. The interaction of Mhp271 with GRP78 reduces the porcine beta‐defensin 2 (PBD‐2) production, thereby facilitating M. hyopneumoniae adherence and infection. Furthermore, the R1‐2 repeat region of Mhp271 is crucial for GRP78 binding and the regulation of PBD‐2 expression. Intriguingly, a coimmunoprecipitation (Co‐IP) assay and molecular docking prediction indicated that the ATP, rather than the substrate‐binding domain of GRP78, is targeted by Mhp271 R1‐2. Overall, our findings identify host GRP78 as a target for M. hyopneumoniae Mhp271 modulating the host UPR to facilitate M. hyopneumoniae adherence and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin China
| | - Qingyuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin China
| | - Tong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin China
| | - Yujuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin China
| | - Jiuqing Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin China
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6
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Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae: is the etiological agent of porcine enzootic pneumonia (EP), a disease that impacts the swine industry worldwide. Pathogen-induced damage, as well as the elicited host-response, contribute to disease. Here, we provide an overview of EP epidemiology, control and prevention, and a more in-depth review of M. hyopneumoniae pathogenicity determinants, highlighting some molecular mechanisms of pathogen-host interactions relevant for pathogenesis. Based on recent functional, immunological, and comparative “omics” results, we discuss the roles of many known or putative M. hyopneumoniae virulence factors, along with host molecules involved in EP. Moreover, the known molecular bases of pathogenicity mechanisms, including M. hyopneumoniae adhesion to host respiratory epithelium, protein secretion, cell damage, host microbicidal response and its modulation, and maintenance of M. hyopneumoniae homeostasis during infection are described. Recent findings regarding M. hyopneumoniae pathogenicity determinants also contribute to the development of novel diagnostic tests, vaccines, and treatments for EP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda M A Leal Zimmer
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS , Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Andrade Paes
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS , Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Arnaldo Zaha
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS , Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Cestódeos, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS , Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biociências, UFRGS , Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Henrique Bunselmeyer Ferreira
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS , Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Cestódeos, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS , Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biociências, UFRGS , Porto Alegre, Brazil
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7
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Tweedie A, Nissan T. Hiding in Plain Sight: Formation and Function of Stress Granules During Microbial Infection of Mammalian Cells. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:647884. [PMID: 33996904 PMCID: PMC8116797 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.647884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress granule (SG) formation is a host cell response to stress-induced translational repression. SGs assemble with RNA-binding proteins and translationally silent mRNA. SGs have been demonstrated to be both inhibitory to viruses, as well as being subverted for viral roles. In contrast, the function of SGs during non-viral microbial infections remains largely unexplored. A handful of microbial infections have been shown to result in host SG assembly. Nevertheless, a large body of evidence suggests SG formation in hosts is a widespread response to microbial infection. Diverse stresses caused by microbes and their products can activate the integrated stress response in order to inhibit translation initiation through phosphorylation of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α). This translational response in other contexts results in SG assembly, suggesting that SG assembly can be a general phenomenon during microbial infection. This review explores evidence for host SG formation in response to bacterial, fungal, and protozoan infection and potential functions of SGs in the host and for adaptations of the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair Tweedie
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Tracy Nissan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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