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Castellar-Mendoza C, Castillo DM, Chila-Moreno L, Bautista-Molano W, Romero-Sánchez C. Porphyromonas gulae and PPAD antibodies are not related to citrullination in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Oral Investig 2023:10.1007/s00784-023-04964-w. [PMID: 37133700 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04964-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Porphyromonas gulae have the enzyme PPAD, as P. gingivalis, which is responsible for citrullination related to the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis; this implies the presence of two species of PPAD-producing bacteria in the mouth as well as the presence of citrullinated proteins. There are no previous reports or studies investigating an association between P. gulae PPAD in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). OBJECTIVE To assess the presence of P. gulae and anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies of P. gulae PAD in patients with RA and their possible relationship with clinical activity markers. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 95 patients with RA and 95 controls were included. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein, anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) and rheumatoid factor (RF) were measured. Activity index-28 (DAS28) and SCDAI. The periodontal diagnosis was established. Presence of P. gulae and P. gingivalis. An ELISA was used to determine antibodies against citrullinated peptides of P. gulae PAD. RESULTS A P. gulae frequency of 15.8% was observed in the RA group and 9.5% in the control group. Higher levels of ACPA were found in the P. gulae-positive patients of the RA group, finding no significant difference, but if in patients positive for P. gingivalis with statistical significance (p = 0.0001). The frequency of anti-VDK-cit and anti-LPQ-cit9 antibodies to PPAD of P. gulae was higher in the RA group than in the control group without significant difference. No relationship was found with the clinical variables despite the presence of P. gulae and anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies of P. gulae PPAD in patients with RA CONCLUSIONS: It was not possible to establish a connection with clinical variables in RA and P. gulae; as a result, the presence of P. gingivalis continues to contribute significantly to the increase in antibodies against citrullinated proteins/peptides from exogenous sources of citrullination in RA and periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Marcela Castillo
- Oral Basic Research Unit (UIBO), Research Vice-Rectory, School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Av. Carrera 9 #131A-02, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lorena Chila-Moreno
- School of Dentistry, INMUBO Cellular and Molecular Immunology Group, Universidad El Bosque, Av. Carrera 9 #131A-02, Bogotá, Colombia
- School of Medicine, Clinical Immunology Group, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada/Hospital Militar Central, Transversal 3ª #49-00, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Wilson Bautista-Molano
- School of Dentistry, INMUBO Cellular and Molecular Immunology Group, Universidad El Bosque, Av. Carrera 9 #131A-02, Bogotá, Colombia
- School of Medicine, Clinical Immunology Group, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada/Hospital Militar Central, Transversal 3ª #49-00, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Consuelo Romero-Sánchez
- School of Dentistry, INMUBO Cellular and Molecular Immunology Group, Universidad El Bosque, Av. Carrera 9 #131A-02, Bogotá, Colombia.
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology/Clinical Immunology Group, Hospital Militar Central, Transversal 3ª #49-00, Bogotá, Colombia.
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Li L, Jin JH, Liu HY, Ma XF, Wang DD, Song YL, Wang CY, Jiang JZ, Yan GH, Qin XZ, Li LC. Notch1 signaling contributes to TLR4-triggered NF-κB activation in macrophages. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 234:153894. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Sun X, Gao J, Meng X, Lu X, Zhang L, Chen R. Polarized Macrophages in Periodontitis: Characteristics, Function, and Molecular Signaling. Front Immunol 2021; 12:763334. [PMID: 34950140 PMCID: PMC8688840 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.763334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis (PD) is a common chronic infectious disease. The local inflammatory response in the host may cause the destruction of supporting periodontal tissue. Macrophages play a variety of roles in PD, including regulatory and phagocytosis. Moreover, under the induction of different factors, macrophages polarize and form different functional phenotypes. Among them, M1-type macrophages with proinflammatory functions and M2-type macrophages with anti-inflammatory functions are the most representative, and both of them can regulate the tendency of the immune system to exert proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory functions. M1 and M2 macrophages are involved in the destructive and reparative stages of PD. Due to the complex microenvironment of PD, the dynamic development of PD, and various local mediators, increasing attention has been given to the study of macrophage polarization in PD. This review summarizes the role of macrophage polarization in the development of PD and its research progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Sun
- *Correspondence: Lei Zhang, ; Xiaoyu Sun,
| | | | | | | | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Department of Periodontology, Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Curcumin Alleviated Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis by Regulating M1/M2 Macrophage Polarization and TLRs Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:3334994. [PMID: 34567209 PMCID: PMC8463179 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3334994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin has shown good efficacy in mice with experimental colitis and in patients with ulcerative colitis, but the mechanism of action through the regulation of M1/M2 macrophage polarization has not been elaborated. The ulcerative colitis was modeled by dextran sulfate sodium; colitis mice were orally administrated with curcumin (10 mg/kg/day) or 5-ASA (300 mg/kg/day) for 14 consecutive days. After curcumin treatment, the body weight, colon weight and length, colonic weight index, and histopathological damage in colitis mice were effectively improved. The concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and CCL-2 in the colonic tissues of colitis mice decreased significantly, while anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-33 and IL-10 increased significantly. Importantly, macrophage activation was suppressed and M1/M2 macrophage polarization was regulated in colitis mice, and the percentage of CD11b+F4/80+ and CD11b+F4/80+TIM-1+ and CD11b+F4/80+iNOS+ decreased significantly and CD11b+F4/80+CD206+ and CD11b+F4/80+CD163+ increased significantly. Additionally, curcumin significantly downregulated CD11b+F4/80+TLR4+ macrophages and the protein levels of TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, NF-κBp65, p38MAPK, and AP-1 in colitis mice. Our study suggested that curcumin exerted therapeutic effects in colitis mice by regulating the balance of M1/M2 macrophage polarization and TLRs signaling pathway.
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Cultivable bacterial diversity of the canine dental plaque as a potential source of bacterial infections. ACTA VET BRNO 2021. [DOI: 10.2754/avb202190020171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dental diseases are a persistent problem, not only in humans, but very often in companion animals as well. Aetiological agents of these diseases are the dental plaque bacteria. In the present study, we focused on identifying cultivable bacteria living in the dental plaque of dogs, specifically dogs suffering from the early stages of periodontal disease. Canine oral bacteria pose a risk to humans that get bitten by the dog, but they also have a zoonotic potential. Dental plaque samples were taken from five dogs of small breeds. Samples were cultured under aerobic and anaerobic conditions on several types of microbiological agars. All obtained and selected bacterial colonies were identified by PCR with universal primers for the 16S rRNA gene and the sequences of the 16S rRNA gene were compared with the sequences available in the GenBank database using BLASTn analysis. A total of 75 bacteria belonging to five phyla, predominantly to Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, were identified. The most frequent species was Pasteurella canis which was detected in all samples. In addition, representatives of the genera Actinomyces, Bacillus, Bacteroides, Corynebacterium, Frederiksenia, Fusobacterium, Haemophilus, Lactobacillus, Leucobacter, Neisseria, Ottowia, Porphyromonas, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Stenotrophomonas and Streptococcus were detected in the samples. In the present study, a broad spectrum of bacteria in dental plaque samples, including canine periodontal pathogens such as Porphyromonas gulae or Porphyromonas macacae were identified. In addition, highly pathogenic bacteria, specifically Actinomyces hordeovulneris, Bacillus circulans, and Bacteroides pyogenes, which pose a serious risk to human health, were detected in samples.
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Yoshida S, Inaba H, Nomura R, Murakami M, Yasuda H, Nakano K, Matsumoto-Nakano M. Efficacy of FimA antibody and clindamycin in silkworm larvae stimulated with Porphyromonas gulae. J Oral Microbiol 2021; 13:1914499. [PMID: 33968314 PMCID: PMC8079003 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2021.1914499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Porphyromonas gulae, a major periodontal pathogen in animals, possesses fimbriae that have been classified into three genotypes (A, B, C) based on the diversity of fimA genes encoding fimbrillin protein (FimA). P. gulae strains with type C fimbriae were previously shown to be more virulent than other types. In this study, we further examined the host toxicity mediated by P. gulae fimbriae by constructing recombinant FimA (rFimA) expression vectors for each genotype and raised antibodies to the purified proteins. Methods and Results: All larvae died within 204 h following infection with P. gulae type C at the low-dose infection, whereas type A and B did not. Among fimA types, the survival rates of the larvae injected with rFimA type C were remarkably decreased, while the survival rates of the larvae injected with rFimA type A and type B were greater than 50%. Clindamycin treatment inhibited the growth of type C strains in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in an increased rate of silkworm survival. Finally, type C rFimA-specific antiserum prolonged the survival of silkworm larvae stimulated by infection with P. gulae type C strain or injection of rFimA type C protein. Conclusion: These results suggested that type C fimbriae have high potential for enhancement of bacterial pathogenesis, and that both clindamycin and anti-type C rFimA-specific antibodies are potent inhibitors of type C fimbriae-induced toxicity. This is the first report to establish a silkworm infection model using P. gulae for toxicity assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Yoshida
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Inaba
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ryota Nomura
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaru Murakami
- Departments of Pharmacology, Veterinary Public Health II and Molecular Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiko Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michiyo Matsumoto-Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Inaba H, Yoshida S, Nomura R, Kato Y, Asai F, Nakano K, Matsumoto-Nakano M. Porphyromonas gulae lipopolysaccharide elicits inflammatory responses through toll-like receptor 2 and 4 in human gingivalis epithelial cells. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13254. [PMID: 32827217 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gulae, a Gram-negative black-pigmented anaerobe, has been associated with periodontal disease in companion animals and its virulence has been attributed to various factors, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), protease and fimbriae. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognise pathogen-associated molecular patterns, such as peptidoglycan, lipids, lipoproteins, nucleic acid and LPS. Following P. gulae infection, some inflammatory responses are dependent on both TLR2 and TLR4. In addition, a recent clinical study revealed that acute and persistent inflammatory responses enhance the expressions of TLR2 and TLR4 in the oral cavity. In this study, we investigated the interaction between P. gulae LPS and human gingivalis epithelial cells (Ca9-22 cells). P. gulae LPS was found to increase TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA expressions and protein productions, and enhanced inflammatory responses, such as COX2 , TNF-ɑ, IL-6 and IL-8. Stimulated Ca9-22 cells exhibited phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38, and their inhibitors diminished inflammatory responses, while knockdown of the TLR2 and/or TLR4 genes with small interfering RNA (siRNA) prevented inflammatory responses. Moreover, p38 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation was decreased in TLR2 and TLR4 gene knockdown cells. These findings suggest that P. gulae LPS activates p38 and ERK1/2 via TLR2 and TLR4, leading to inflammatory responses in human gingival epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Inaba
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Sho Yoshida
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ryota Nomura
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Department of Veterinary Public Health II, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Asai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michiyo Matsumoto-Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Zhang X, Li W, Sun J, Yang Z, Guan Q, Wang R, Li X, Li Y, Feng Y, Wang Y. How to use macrophages to realise the treatment of tumour. J Drug Target 2020; 28:1034-1045. [PMID: 32603199 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2020.1775236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages (Mø) are immune cells with natural phagocytic ability and play an important role in tumorigenesis, development and metastasis. Mø play a dual role of tumour inhibition and tumour promotion in tumour development due to their two different phenotypes. Mø in the tumour microenvironment have long been referred to as tumour-associated Mø (TAMs). Mø are mainly involved in tumour resistance, cancer metastasis and mediating immunosuppression. Nowadays, Mø and Mø membranes have been widely used in drug delivery systems (DDSs) because of their good biocompatibility, natural phagocytosis and their important role in tumour development. In this review, from the perspective of Mø's role in tumour development, we present strategies and drugs of Mø targeting and focusing on the several types of biomimetic nanoparticles constructed by Mø and Mø membranes in tumour therapy, and discuss the problem of this delivery system in present research and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Weinan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialin Sun
- Biological Science and Technology Department, Heilongjiang Vocational College for Nationalities, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Zhixin Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingxia Guan
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuyan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongji Li
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufei Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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Nomura R, Inaba H, Yasuda H, Shirai M, Kato Y, Murakami M, Iwashita N, Shirahata S, Yoshida S, Matayoshi S, Yasuda J, Arai N, Asai F, Matsumoto-Nakano M, Nakano K. Inhibition of Porphyromonas gulae and periodontal disease in dogs by a combination of clindamycin and interferon alpha. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3113. [PMID: 32080231 PMCID: PMC7033253 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59730-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gulae is a major periodontal pathogen in dogs, which can be transmitted to their owners. A major virulence factor of P. gulae consists of a 41-kDa filamentous appendage (FimA) on the cell surface, which is classified into three genotypes: A, B, and C. Thus far, inhibition of periodontal disease in dogs remains difficult. The present study assessed the inhibitory effects of a combination of clindamycin and interferon alpha (IFN-α) formulation against P. gulae and periodontal disease. Growth of P. gulae was significantly inhibited by clindamycin; this inhibition had a greater effect on type C P. gulae than on type A and B isolates. In contrast, the IFN-α formulation inhibited the expression of IL-1β and COX-2 elicited by type A and B isolates, but not that elicited by type C isolates. Furthermore, periodontal recovery was promoted by the administration of both clindamycin and IFN-α formulation to dogs undergoing periodontal treatment; moreover, this combined treatment reduced the number of FimA genotypes in oral specimens from treated dogs. These results suggest that a combination of clindamycin and IFN-α formulation inhibit P. gulae virulence and thus may be effective for the prevention of periodontal disease induced by P. gulae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Nomura
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Inaba
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Mitsuyuki Shirai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Department of Veterinary Public Health II, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaru Murakami
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naoki Iwashita
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - So Shirahata
- Primo Animal Hospital, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sho Yoshida
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Saaya Matayoshi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Fumitoshi Asai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Michiyo Matsumoto-Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Xu S, Yin W, Zhang Y, Lv Q, Yang Y, He J. Foes or Friends? Bacteria Enriched in the Tumor Microenvironment of Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020372. [PMID: 32041122 PMCID: PMC7072156 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer and the third cause of cancer death in the world, while intestinal microbiota is a community of microbes living in human intestine that can potentially impact human health in many ways. Accumulating evidence suggests that intestinal microbiota, especially that from the intestinal bacteria, play a key role in the CRC development; therefore, identification of bacteria involved in CRC development can provide new targets for the CRC diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. Over the past decade, there have been considerable advances in applying 16S rDNA sequencing data to verify associated intestinal bacteria in CRC patients; however, due to variations of individual and environment factors, these results seem to be inconsistent. In this review, we scrutinized the previous 16S rDNA sequencing data of intestinal bacteria from CRC patients, and identified twelve genera that are specifically enriched in the tumor microenvironment. We have focused on their relationship with the CRC development, and shown that some bacteria could promote CRC development, acting as foes, while others could inhibit CRC development, serving as friends, for human health. Finally, we highlighted their potential applications for the CRC diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.
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Fertan E, Rodrigues GJ, Wheeler RV, Goguen D, Wong AA, James H, Stadnyk A, Brown RE, Weaver IC. Cognitive Decline, Cerebral-Spleen Tryptophan Metabolism, Oxidative Stress, Cytokine Production, and Regulation of the Txnip Gene in a Triple Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:1435-1450. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Inaba H, Nomura R, Kato Y, Takeuchi H, Amano A, Asai F, Nakano K, Lamont RJ, Matsumoto-Nakano M. Adhesion and invasion of gingival epithelial cells by Porphyromonas gulae. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213309. [PMID: 30870452 PMCID: PMC6417775 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gulae, an animal periodontal pathogen, possess fimbriae classified into three genotypes (A-C) based on the diversity of fimA genes encoding FimA. Accumulating evidence suggests that P. gulae strains with type C fimbriae are more virulent as compared to those with other types. The ability of these organisms to adhere to and invade gingival epithelial cells has yet to be examined. P. gulae showed the greatest levels of adhesion and invasion at a multiplicity of infection of 100 for 90 min. P. gulae type C and some type B strains invaded gingival epithelial cells at significantly greater levels than the other strains, at the same level of efficiency as P. gingivalis with type II fimbriae. Adhesion and invasion of gingival epithelial cells by P. gulae were inhibited by cytochalasin D and sodium azide, indicating the requirements of actin polymerization and energy metabolism for those activities. Invasion within gingival epithelial cells was blocked by staurosporine, whereas those inhibitors showed little effects on adhesion, while nocodazole and cycloheximide had negligible effects on either adhesion or invasion. P. gulae proteases were found to be essential for adhesion and invasion of gingival epithelial cells, while its DNA and RNA, and protein synthesis were unnecessary for those activities. Additionally, α5β1 integrin antibodies significantly inhibited adhesion and invasion by P. gulae. This is the first report to characterize P. gulae adhesion and invasion of human gingival epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Inaba
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Ryota Nomura
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita-Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Department of Veterinary Public Health II, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takeuchi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita-Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsuo Amano
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita-Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Asai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita-Osaka, Japan
| | - Richard J. Lamont
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Michiyo Matsumoto-Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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