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Kiaie SH, Hatami Z, Nasr MS, Pazooki P, Hemmati S, Baradaran B, Valizadeh H. Pharmacological interaction and immune response of purinergic receptors in therapeutic modulation. Purinergic Signal 2023:10.1007/s11302-023-09966-7. [PMID: 37843749 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-023-09966-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleosides and purine nucleotides serve as transmitter and modulator agents that extend their functions beyond the cell. In this context, purinergic signaling plays a crucial role in regulating energy homeostasis and modulating metabolic alterations in tumor cells. Therefore, it is essential to consider the pharmacological targeting of purinergic receptors (PUR), which encompass the expression and inhibition of P1 receptors (metabotropic adenosine receptors) as well as P2 receptors (extracellular ATP/ADP) comprising P2X and P2Y receptors. Thus, the pharmacological interaction between inhibitors (such as RNA, monoclonal antibodies, and small molecules) and PUR represents a key aspect in facilitating the development of therapeutic interventions. Moreover, this review explores recent advancements in pharmacological inhibitors and the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity of PUR, specifically in relation to immunological and inflammatory responses. These responses encompass the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (PIC), the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS), the regulation of T cells, and the activation of inflammasomes in all human leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hossein Kiaie
- Drug Applied Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Hatami
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Nasr
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering Multi-Interprofessional Center for Health Informatics (MICHI), The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Pouya Pazooki
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salar Hemmati
- Institute Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Hadi Valizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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López-Cauce B, Urquía A, Menchén L, Homma K, Bolás-Fernández F, García-Rodriguez JJ, Puerto M. Lentinula edodes extract increases goblet cell number and Muc2 expression in an intestinal inflammatory model of Trichinella spiralis infection. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112937. [PMID: 35427820 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AHCC® is a standardized extract of cultured mushroom (Lentinula edodes) mycelia with a wide variety of therapeutic effects including anti-inflammatory, antitumor and antiviral effects. Trichinellosis, a food-borne parasitic zoonosis is caused by the nematode Trichinella spp. Infection with Trichinella is characterized by the induction of a Th1-type response at the beginning of the intestinal phase, followed by a dominant Th2-type response which is essential for parasite expulsion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of AHCC® in a murine model of Trichinella spiralis infection. Swiss CD1 mice were infected with T. spiralis larvae and treated with AHCC®. Standard treatment with albendazole (ABZ) was used as control in the assessment of parasite burden. The small intestine was taken out and the proximal segment was evaluated for several parameters: gene expression of immune and stress-reticulum mediators, histological damage score, goblet cell count and Mucin 2 (Muc2) gene expression. AHCC® modulated expression levels of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines and reduced histological damage score. In addition, AHCC® diminished the number of adults of T. spiralis in treated animals. AHCC® treatment anticipates T. spiralis expulsion and increases goblet cell number and Muc2 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz López-Cauce
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón-IiSGM, Spain
| | - Andrés Urquía
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Spain
| | - Luis Menchén
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón-IiSGM, Spain; Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Bolás-Fernández
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J García-Rodriguez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Puerto
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón-IiSGM, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Spain.
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Vijayamahantesh, Vijayalaxmi. Tinkering with targeting nucleotide signaling for control of intracellular Leishmania parasites. Cytokine 2019; 119:129-143. [PMID: 30909149 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotides are one of the most primitive extracellular signalling molecules across all phyla and regulate a multitude of responses. The biological effects of extracellular nucleotides/sides are mediated via the specific purinergic receptors present on the cell surface. In mammalian system, adenine nucleotides are the predominant nucleotides found in the extracellular milieu and mediate a constellation of physiological functions. In the context of host-pathogen interaction, extracellular ATP is recognized as a danger signal and potentiates the release of pro-inflammatory mediators from activated immune cells, on the other hand, its breakdown product adenosine exerts potential anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive actions. Therefore, it is increasingly apparent that the interplay between extracellular ATP/adenosine ratios has a significant role in coordinating the regulation of the immune system in health and diseases. Several pathogens express ectonucleotidases on their surface and exploit the purinergic signalling as one of the mechanisms to modulate the host immune response. Leishmania pathogens are one of the most successful intracellular pathogens which survive within host macrophages and manipulate protective Th1 response into disease promoting Th2 response. In this review, we discuss the regulation of extracellular ATP and adenosine levels, the role of ATP/adenosine counter signalling in regulating the inflammation and immune responses during infection and how Leishmania parasites exploit the purinergic signalling to manipulate host response. We also discuss the challenges and opportunities in targeting purinergic signalling and the future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayamahantesh
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
| | - Vijayalaxmi
- Department of Zoology, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
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Hasby Saad MA, Radi DA, Hasby EA. Oral contraceptive pills: Risky or protective in case of Trichinella spiralis infection? Parasite Immunol 2017; 39. [PMID: 28524239 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate how Trichinella spiralis infection can be affected by contraceptive pills in vivo. Methods included six groups of female Wistar rats; healthy, Trichinella infected, receiving combined contraceptive pills (COCPs), receiving progestin only pills (POPs), infected receiving COCPs and infected receiving POPs. Parasite burden was measured; adult worm counts, gravidity, larvae and reproductive capacity index). Histopathological examination, immunohistochemical detection of C-kit+ mast cells and Foxp3+ T-reg. cells in intestinal sections, eosinophils muscle infiltration and CPK level were performed. Rats infected and receiving COCPs showed a significant increase in parasitic burden, and infected receiving POPs showed a significant reduction compared to infected only, with a significant increase in nongravid females (Mean total worms=964.40±55.9, 742±52.63, 686±31.68, larvae/g=5030±198.75, 2490±143.18 and 4126±152,91, respectively). Intestinal sections from infected receiving COCPs showed intact mucosa (though the high inflammatory cells infiltrate), and significant increase in C-kit+ mast cells number and intensity (30.20±4.15 and 60.40±8.29), and Foxp3+ T-reg. cells (10±1.58). Infected receiving POPs showed a significantly less CPK (5886±574.40) and eosinophilic muscle infiltration (58±13.51). Oestrogen-containing pills established a favourable intestinal environment for Trichinella by enhancing Foxp+T-reg. cells and stabilizing C-kit+mast cells, while POPs gave a potential protection with less gravidity, larval burden and eosinophilic infiltrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Hasby Saad
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - D A Radi
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - E A Hasby
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Vukman KV, Lalor R, Aldridge A, O'Neill SM. Mast cells: new therapeutic target in helminth immune modulation. Parasite Immunol 2016; 38:45-52. [PMID: 26577605 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Helminth infection and their secreted antigens have a protective role in many immune-mediated inflammatory disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. However, studies have focused primarily on identifying immune protective mechanisms of helminth infection and their secreted molecules on dendritic cells and macrophages. Given that mast cells have been shown to be implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of many inflammatory disorders, their role should also be examined and considered as cellular target for helminth-based therapies. As there is a dearth of studies examining the interaction of helminth-derived antigens and mast cells, this review will focus on the role of mast cells during helminth infection and examine our current understanding of the involvement of mast cells in TH 1/TH 17-mediated immune disorders. In this context, potential mechanisms by which helminths could target the TH 1/TH 17 promoting properties of mast cells can be identified to unveil novel therapeutic mast cell driven targets in combating these inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Vukman
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvarad ter 4., H-1089, Budapest, Hungry.,Parasite Immune Modulation Group, School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - R Lalor
- Parasite Immune Modulation Group, School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Aldridge
- Parasite Immune Modulation Group, School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S M O'Neill
- Parasite Immune Modulation Group, School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
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Patel N, Wu W, Mishra PK, Chen F, Millman A, Csóka B, Koscsó B, Eltzschig HK, Haskó G, Gause WC. A2B adenosine receptor induces protective antihelminth type 2 immune responses. Cell Host Microbe 2014; 15:339-50. [PMID: 24629340 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The type 2 immune response evoked by intestinal nematode parasites contributes to worm expulsion and tolerance to associated tissue damage. We investigated whether this host response is affected by blocking signaling by the putative endogenous danger signal adenosine, which can be released during inflammation and host cell damage. Specific blockade of the A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR) inhibited worm elimination and the development of innate and adaptive components of the type 2 primary and memory response. Infected mice lacking A2BAR exhibited decreased M2 macrophage and eosinophil recruitment and reduced IL-4 and IL-13 cytokine production. Additionally, shortly after infection, upregulation of the alarmin IL-33, which drives type 2 immunity, and activation of innate lymphoid type 2 (ILC2) cells was inhibited, while exogenous IL-33 restored ILC2 cell activation and type 2 cytokine expression. Thus, adenosine acts as a danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) that initiates helminth-induced type 2 immune responses through A2BAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirav Patel
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA; Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA; Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
| | - Pankaj K Mishra
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA; Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA; Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
| | - Ariel Millman
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA; Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
| | - Balázs Csóka
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA; Department of Surgery, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
| | - Balázs Koscsó
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA; Department of Surgery, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - György Haskó
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA; Department of Surgery, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
| | - William C Gause
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA; Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA.
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