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Kabir AR, Chaudhary AA, Aladwani MO, Podder S. Decoding the host-pathogen interspecies molecular crosstalk during oral candidiasis in humans: an in silico analysis. Front Genet 2023; 14:1245445. [PMID: 37900175 PMCID: PMC10603195 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1245445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The objective of this study is to investigate the interaction between Candida albicans and human proteins during oral candidiasis, with the aim of identifying pathways through which the pathogen subverts host cells. Methods: A comprehensive list of interactions between human proteins and C. albicans was obtained from the Human Protein Interaction Database using specific screening criteria. Then, the genes that exhibit differential expression during oral candidiasis in C. albicans were mapped with the list of human-Candida interactions to identify the corresponding host proteins. The identified host proteins were further compared with proteins specific to the tongue, resulting in a final list of 99 host proteins implicated in oral candidiasis. The interactions between host proteins and C. albicans proteins were analyzed using the STRING database, enabling the construction of protein-protein interaction networks. Similarly, the gene regulatory network of Candida proteins was reconstructed using data from the PathoYeastract and STRING databases. Core module proteins within the targeted host protein-protein interaction network were identified using ModuLand, a Cytoscape plugin. The expression levels of the core module proteins under diseased conditions were assessed using data from the GSE169278 dataset. To gain insights into the functional characteristics of both host and pathogen proteins, ontology analysis was conducted using Enrichr and YeastEnrichr, respectively. Result: The analysis revealed that three Candida proteins, HHT21, CYP5, and KAR2, interact with three core host proteins, namely, ING4 (in the DNMT1 module), SGTA, and TOR1A. These interactions potentially impair the immediate immune response of the host against the pathogen. Additionally, differential expression analysis of fungal proteins and their transcription factors in Candida-infected oral cell lines indicated that Rob1p, Tye7p, and Ume6p could be considered candidate transcription factors involved in instigating the pathogenesis of oral candidiasis during host infection. Conclusion: Our study provides a molecular map of the host-pathogen interaction during oral candidiasis, along with potential targets for designing regimens to overcome oral candidiasis, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rejwan Kabir
- Computational and System Biology Lab, Department of Microbiology, Raiganj University, Raiganj, West Bengal, India
| | - Anis Ahmad Chaudhary
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malak O Aladwani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soumita Podder
- Computational and System Biology Lab, Department of Microbiology, Raiganj University, Raiganj, West Bengal, India
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Bernard C, Lemoine V, Hoogenkamp MA, Girardot M, Krom BP, Imbert C. Candida albicans enhances initial biofilm growth of Cutibacterium acnes under aerobic conditions. BIOFOULING 2019; 35:350-360. [PMID: 31088179 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2019.1608966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Candida albicans and Cutibacterium acnes are opportunistic pathogens that co-colonize the human body. They are involved in biofilm-related infections of implanted medical devices. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of these species to interact and form polymicrobial biofilms. SEM imaging and adhesion assays showed that C. acnes adhesion to C. albicans did not have a preference for a specific morphological state of C. albicans; bacteria adhered to both hyphal and yeast forms of C. albicans. C. albicans did not influence growth of C. acnes under anaerobic growth conditions, however under aerobic growth condition, C. albicans enhanced early C. acnes biofilm formation. This favorable impact of C. albicans was not mediated by secreted compounds accumulating in the medium, but required the presence of metabolically active C. albicans. The ability of these microorganisms to interact together could modulate the physiopathology of infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Bernard
- a Laboratoire Ecologie Biologie des Interactions - UMR CNRS 7267 , Université de Poitiers , Poitiers , France
| | - Virginie Lemoine
- a Laboratoire Ecologie Biologie des Interactions - UMR CNRS 7267 , Université de Poitiers , Poitiers , France
| | - Michel A Hoogenkamp
- b Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA) , Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and the University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Marion Girardot
- a Laboratoire Ecologie Biologie des Interactions - UMR CNRS 7267 , Université de Poitiers , Poitiers , France
| | - Bastiaan P Krom
- b Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA) , Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and the University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
- c ESCMID Study Group for Biofilms (ESGB)
| | - Christine Imbert
- a Laboratoire Ecologie Biologie des Interactions - UMR CNRS 7267 , Université de Poitiers , Poitiers , France
- c ESCMID Study Group for Biofilms (ESGB)
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Wacleche VS, Goulet JP, Gosselin A, Monteiro P, Soudeyns H, Fromentin R, Jenabian MA, Vartanian S, Deeks SG, Chomont N, Routy JP, Ancuta P. New insights into the heterogeneity of Th17 subsets contributing to HIV-1 persistence during antiretroviral therapy. Retrovirology 2016; 13:59. [PMID: 27553844 PMCID: PMC4995622 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-016-0293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Th17 cells are permissive to HIV-1 infection and their depletion from the gut of infected individuals leads to microbial translocation, a major cause for non-AIDS co-morbidities. Most recent evidence supports the contribution of long-lived Th17 cells to HIV persistence during antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, the identity of long-lived Th17 cells remains unknown. RESULTS Here, we performed an in-depth transcriptional and functional characterization of four distinct Th17 subsets and investigated their contribution to HIV reservoir persistence during ART. In addition to the previously characterized CCR6(+)CCR4(+) (Th17) and CCR6(+)CXCR3(+) (Th1Th17) subsets, we reveal the existence of two novel CCR6(+) subsets, lacking (double negative, CCR6(+)DN) or co-expressing CXCR3 and CCR4 (double positive, CCR6(+)DP). The four subsets shared multiple Th17-polarization markers, a fraction of cells proliferated in response to C. albicans, and exhibited lineage commitment and plasticity when cultured under Th17 and Th1 conditions, respectively. Of note, fractions of CCR6(+)DN and Th17 demonstrated stable Th17-lineage commitment under Th1-polarization conditions. Among the four subsets, CCR6(+)DN expressed a unique transcriptional signature indicative of early Th17 development (IL-17F, STAT3), lymph-node homing (CCR7, CD62L), follicular help (CXCR5, BCL6, ASCL2), and self-renewal (LEFI, MYC, TERC). Cross sectional and longitudinal studies demonstrated that CCR6(+)DN cells were the most predominant CCR6(+) subset in the blood before and after ART initiation; high frequencies of these cells were similarly observed in inguinal lymph nodes of individuals receiving long-term ART. Importantly, replication competent HIV was isolated from CCR6(+)DN of ART-treated individuals. CONCLUSIONS Together, these results provide new insights into the functional heterogeneity of Th17-polarized CCR6(+)CD4(+) T-cells and support the major contribution of CCR6(+)DN cells to HIV persistence during ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Sue Wacleche
- Département of Microbiologie, Infectiologie Et immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Centre de recherche du CHUM, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, R09.416, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | | | - Annie Gosselin
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, R09.416, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Patricia Monteiro
- Département of Microbiologie, Infectiologie Et immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Centre de recherche du CHUM, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, R09.416, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Hugo Soudeyns
- Département of Microbiologie, Infectiologie Et immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Unité d'immunopathologie virale, Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rémi Fromentin
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, R09.416, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Mohammad-Ali Jenabian
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shant Vartanian
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steven G Deeks
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicolas Chomont
- Département of Microbiologie, Infectiologie Et immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Centre de recherche du CHUM, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, R09.416, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Chronic Viral Illness Service and Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Petronela Ancuta
- Département of Microbiologie, Infectiologie Et immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Centre de recherche du CHUM, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, R09.416, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada.
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de Repentigny L, Goupil M, Jolicoeur P. Oropharyngeal Candidiasis in HIV Infection: Analysis of Impaired Mucosal Immune Response to Candida albicans in Mice Expressing the HIV-1 Transgene. Pathogens 2015; 4:406-21. [PMID: 26110288 PMCID: PMC4493482 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens4020406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-17-producing Th17 cells are of critical importance in host defense against oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC). Speculation about defective Th17 responses to oral C. albicans infection in the context of HIV infection prompted an investigation of innate and adaptive immune responses to Candida albicans in transgenic mice expressing the genome of HIV-1 in immune cells and displaying an AIDS-like disease. Defective IL-17 and IL-22-dependent mucosal responses to C. albicans were found to determine susceptibility to OPC in these transgenic mice. Innate phagocytes were quantitatively and functionally intact, and individually dispensable for control of OPC and to prevent systemic dissemination of Candida to deep organs. CD8+ T-cells recruited to the oral mucosa of the transgenic mice limited the proliferation of C. albicans in these conditions of CD4+ T-cell deficiency. Therefore, the immunopathogenesis of OPC in the context of HIV infection involves defective T-cell-mediated immunity, failure of crosstalk with innate mucosal immune effector mechanisms, and compensatory cell responses, which limit Candida infection to the oral mucosa and prevent systemic dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis de Repentigny
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Mathieu Goupil
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Paul Jolicoeur
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, 110, avenue des Pins Ouest, Montreal, PQ H2W 1R7, Canada.
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Altered immune response differentially enhances susceptibility to Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii infection in mice expressing the HIV-1 transgene. Infect Immun 2013; 81:1100-13. [PMID: 23340313 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01339-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii is the most frequent cause of AIDS-associated cryptococcosis worldwide, while Cryptococcus gattii usually infects immunocompetent people. To understand the mechanisms which cause differential susceptibility to these cryptococcal species in HIV infection, we established and characterized a model of cryptococcosis in CD4C/HIV(MutA) transgenic (Tg) mice expressing gene products of HIV-1 and developing an AIDS-like disease. Tg mice infected intranasally with C. neoformans var. grubii strain H99 or C23 consistently displayed reduced survival compared to non-Tg mice at three graded inocula, while shortened survival of Tg mice infected with C. gattii strain R265 or R272 was restricted to a single high inoculum. HIV-1 transgene expression selectively augmented systemic dissemination to the liver and spleen for strains H99 and C23 but not strains R265 and R272. Histopathologic examination of lungs of Tg mice revealed large numbers of widely scattered H99 cells, with a minimal inflammatory cell response, while in the non-Tg mice H99 was almost completely embedded within extensive mixed inflammatory cell infiltrates. In contrast to H99, R265 was dispersed throughout the lung parenchyma and failed to induce a strong inflammatory response in both Tg and non-Tg mice. HIV-1 transgene expression reduced pulmonary production of CCL2 and CCL5 after infection with H99 or R265, and production of these two chemokines was lower after infection with R265. These results indicate that an altered immune response in these Tg mice markedly enhances C. neoformans but not C. gattii infection. This model therefore provides a powerful new tool to further investigate the immunopathogenesis of cryptococcosis.
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