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Horta AL, Gigley J, Boutet M, Lavau G, Weiss LM, Huang H. Memory-like NK Cells Are a Critical Component of Vaccine-Induced Immunity to Trypanosoma cruzi Infection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:617-631. [PMID: 38197653 PMCID: PMC10872457 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Chagas disease by Trypanosoma cruzi infection is a major public health issue. The available therapeutic agents have limited efficacy and significant side effects. A reliable vaccine would reduce the threat of T. cruzi infections and prevent Chagas disease. Understanding the immune response to this infection would improve vaccine design. We previously demonstrated that adoptively transferred NK cells from mice immunized with highly attenuated T. cruzi, GFP-DDDHA strain, provided potent protection in naive recipients against secondary lethal challenge with various wild-type (WT) strains. To understand the importance of NK cells in protecting mice against T. cruzi infection, we performed an in-depth characterization of NK cell phenotype, responses, and memory-like traits during acute infections due to GFP-DDDHA and WT strains and in immunized mice during a recall response to a WT lethal challenge. NK cells robustly expanded and became more mature and cytolytic during the GFP-DDDHA strain immunization. NK cells in immunized mice responded more robustly after WT lethal challenge than during an acute primary WT infection. In addition, protection by immunization with the GFP-DDDHA strain is significantly weakened in NK cell-deficient mice and did not prevent parasitemia from WT lethal challenge, indicating that NK cells with memory-like traits were a critical component for early control of WT lethal challenge. Prior T. cruzi vaccine development studies have not included studies of this rapid NK response. These findings provide insights into overcoming existing challenges in developing a safe and effective vaccine to prevent this infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline L. Horta
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Jason Gigley
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Marie Boutet
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Gregoire Lavau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Louis M. Weiss
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Huan Huang
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
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Pontes BG, Kuster MCC, de Freitas LA, Barbosa WM, Machado-Coelho GLL, Zanini MS, Bahia MT, dos Santos FM. Profile of natural Trypanosoma cruzi infection among dogs from rural areas of southern Espírito Santo, Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2022; 55:S0037-86822022000100343. [PMID: 36542026 PMCID: PMC9757707 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0712-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection via oral transmission has a habitual character in its primitive endemic cycle. Recent findings revealed the first death by oral transmission of T. cruzi in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, in 2012, which was recorded in the rural area of Guarapari. This study evaluated the characteristics related to the occurrence of natural T. cruzi infection among dogs from the rural areas of Alegre and Iconha, municipalities of Espírito Santo. METHODS Logistic regression analysis of factors contributing to serological detection of T. cruzi in dogs was performed in environments where Espírito Santo's Department of Health Surveillance had previously notified triatomines positive for Trypanosoma spp. from 2014 to 2017. RESULTS A total of 36 dogs were analyzed, of which 10 (27.77%) tested positive, one was borderline (2.79%), and 25 tested negative (69.44%) for T. cruzi infection. São Caetano, a district from the Iconha municipality, presented a 25 times greater chance for the detection of positive tests (OR:25; 95% CI; 2.37->100). Dogs with updated mandatory vaccination presented with a lower risk of positive serodiagnosis (OR:0.12; 95% CI: 0.02-0.63). CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight for the first time the occurrence of natural T. cruzi canine infection, detected in the municipality of Iconha, mainly among dogs with un-updated mandatory vaccines in the district of São Caetano.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beathriz Giostri Pontes
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Alegre, ES, Brasil
| | | | - Letícia Azeredo de Freitas
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Alegre, ES, Brasil
| | - Wagner Miranda Barbosa
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Farmácia e Nutrição, Alegre, ES, Brasil
| | | | - Marcos Santos Zanini
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Alegre, ES, Brasil
| | - Maria Terezinha Bahia
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Escola de Medicina, Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil
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3
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Live attenuated vaccines, a favorable strategy to provide long-term immunity against protozoan diseases. Trends Parasitol 2021; 38:316-334. [PMID: 34896016 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The control of diseases caused by protozoan parasites is one of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. In recent years much research effort has gone into developing a new generation of live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) against malaria, Chagas disease and leishmaniasis. However, there is a bottleneck related to their biosafety, production, and distribution that slows downs further development. The success of irradiated or genetically attenuated sporozoites against malaria, added to the first LAV against leishmaniasis to be evaluated in clinical trials, is indicative that the drawbacks of LAVs are gradually being overcome. However, whether persistence of LAVs is a prerequisite for sustained long-term immunity remains to be clarified, and the procedures necessary for clinical evaluation of vaccine candidates need to be standardized.
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García MC, Eberhardt N, Sanmarco LM, Ponce NE, Jimenez-Kairuz AF, Aoki MP. Improved efficacy and safety of low doses of benznidazole-loaded multiparticulate delivery systems in experimental Chagas disease therapy. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 164:105912. [PMID: 34133985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Benznidazole (BZ) is a first-line drug for the treatment of Chagas disease; however, it presents several disadvantages that could hamper its therapeutic success. Multiparticulate drug delivery systems (MDDS) are promising carriers to improve the performance of drugs. We developed BZ-loaded MDDS intended for improving Chagas disease therapy. To assess their efficacy and safety, Trypanosoma (T) cruzi infected BALB/c mice were orally treated with free BZ or BZ-MDDS at different regimens (doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg/day, administered daily or at 2- or 5-days intervals) and compared with infected non-treated (INT) mice. At 100 mg/kg/day, independent of the administration regimen, both treatments were able to override the parasitemia, and at 50 mg/kg/day significantly reduced it compared to INT mice. BZ-MDDS at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day administered every 5 days (BZ-MDDS 100-13d) induced the lowest cardiac parasite load, indicating an improved efficacy with lower total dose of BZ when loaded to the MDDS. Reactive oxygen species produced by leukocytes were higher in INT and mice treated with BZ at 50 mg/kg/day compared to 100 mg/kg/day, likely because of persistent infection. BZ-MDDS treatments markedly reduced heart and liver injury markers compared to INT mice and those receiving the standard treatment. Therefore, BZ-MDDS exhibited enhanced activity against T. cruzi infection even at lower doses and reduced administration frequency compared to free BZ while increasing the treatment safety. They likely avoid undesired side effects of BZ by keeping a sustained concentration, avoiding plasmatic drug peaks. BZ-MDDS evidenced significant improvements in experimental Chagas disease treatment and can be considered as a potential improved therapeutic alternative against this illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica C García
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA)-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Natalia Eberhardt
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI)-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Liliana M Sanmarco
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI)-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Nicolás E Ponce
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI)-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Alvaro F Jimenez-Kairuz
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA)-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Maria P Aoki
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI)-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Dumonteil E, Herrera C. The Case for the Development of a Chagas Disease Vaccine: Why? How? When? Trop Med Infect Dis 2021; 6:tropicalmed6010016. [PMID: 33530605 PMCID: PMC7851737 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed6010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is a major neglected tropical disease, transmitted predominantly by triatomine insect vectors, but also through congenital and oral routes. While endemic in the Americas, it has turned into a global disease. Because of the current drug treatment limitations, a vaccine would represent a major advancement for better control of the disease. Here, we review some of the rationale, advances, and challenges for the ongoing development of a vaccine against Chagas disease. Recent pre-clinical studies in murine models have further expanded (i) the range of vaccine platforms and formulations tested; (ii) our understanding of the immune correlates for protection; and (iii) the extent of vaccine effects on cardiac function, beyond survival and parasite burden. We further discuss outstanding issues and opportunities to move Chagas disease development forward in the near future.
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Cerny N, Bivona AE, Sanchez Alberti A, Trinitario SN, Morales C, Cardoso Landaburu A, Cazorla SI, Malchiodi EL. Cruzipain and Its Physiological Inhibitor, Chagasin, as a DNA-Based Therapeutic Vaccine Against Trypanosoma cruzi. Front Immunol 2020; 11:565142. [PMID: 33162979 PMCID: PMC7583359 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.565142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi is endemic in 21 Latin American countries and the southern United States and now is spreading into several other countries due to migration. Despite the efforts to control the vector throughout the Americas, currently, there are almost seven million infected people worldwide, causing ~10,000 deaths per year, and 70 million people at risk to acquire the infection. Chagas disease treatment is restricted only to two parasiticidal drugs, benznidazole and nifurtimox, which are effective during the acute and early infections but have not been found to be as effective in chronic infection. No prophylactic or therapeutic vaccine for human use has been communicated at this moment. Here, we evaluate in a mouse model a therapeutic DNA vaccine combining Cruzipain (Cz), a T. cruzi cysteine protease that proved to be protective in several settings, and Chagasin (Chg), which is the natural Cz inhibitor. The DNAs of both antigens, as well as a plasmid encoding GM-CSF as adjuvant, were orally administrated and delivered by an attenuated Salmonella strain to treat mice during the acute phase of T. cruzi infection. The bicomponent vaccine based on Salmonella carrying Cz and Chg (SChg+SCz) was able to improve the protection obtained by each antigen as monocomponent therapeutic vaccine and significantly increased the titers of antigen- and parasite-specific antibodies. More importantly, the bicomponent vaccine triggered a robust cellular response with interferon gamma (IFN-γ) secretion that rapidly reduced the parasitemia during the acute phase and decreased the tissue damage in the chronic stage of the infection, suggesting it could be an effective tool to ameliorate the pathology associated to Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Cerny
- Cátedra de Inmunología and Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral Prof. Ricardo A. Margni (IDEHU, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Departamento de Microbiología Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Augusto Ernesto Bivona
- Cátedra de Inmunología and Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral Prof. Ricardo A. Margni (IDEHU, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Departamento de Microbiología Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés Sanchez Alberti
- Cátedra de Inmunología and Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral Prof. Ricardo A. Margni (IDEHU, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Departamento de Microbiología Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Nicolás Trinitario
- Cátedra de Inmunología and Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral Prof. Ricardo A. Margni (IDEHU, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Departamento de Microbiología Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Celina Morales
- Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Cardoso Landaburu
- Cátedra de Inmunología and Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral Prof. Ricardo A. Margni (IDEHU, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Departamento de Microbiología Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Inés Cazorla
- Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Departamento de Microbiología Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Emilio Luis Malchiodi
- Cátedra de Inmunología and Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral Prof. Ricardo A. Margni (IDEHU, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Departamento de Microbiología Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Prevalence and Epitope Recognition of Anti- Trypanosoma cruzi Antibodies in Two Procyonid Species: Implications for Host Resistance. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9060464. [PMID: 32545481 PMCID: PMC7350377 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9060464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 180 mammalian species have been found naturally infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. Many of them play an important role in the maintenance of this parasite. In particular, new studies have appeared which indicate that some species of Procyonidae family may play a role as T. cruzi hosts, however, more data are needed to evaluate their long-term physiological response to parasite infection, especially for specific antibodies. In this study, antibodies to T. cruzi were detected and prevalence and epitope recognition were assessed by ELISA (using discrete typing unit (DTU) I as antigen) and WB (using DTU I and DTU II as antigens) and sera from two procyonid species obtained through five-year follow-up of two semicaptive populations living in the same habitat. Marked heterogeneity in antigens recognition between species and differences in seroprevalence (p = 0.0002) between white-nosed coatis (Nasua narica), 51.8% (115/222), and common raccoons (Procyon lotor), 28.3% (23/81), were found. Antigens with high molecular weight when DTU-I was used were the most recognized, while a greater antigen diversity recognition was observed with DTU-II; for white-nosed coatis, low-molecular-weight antigens were mainly recognized, while for common raccoons proteins with molecular weights greater than 80 kDa were recognized most. These divergent humoral immune responses could be related to an alleged pattern of recognition receptors and major histocompatibility complex molecules difference in the procyonids species.
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